【正确答案】正确答案：From its birth to the present day, Transformational Grammar(TG)has experienced five stages of development. The Classical Theory aims to make linguistics a science. The Standard Theory deals with how semantics should be studied under a linguistics theory. The Extended Standard Theory focuses discussion on language universals and universal grammar. The Revised Extended Standard Theory focuses discussion on government and binding. The latest is the Minimalist Program, a further revision of th previous theory.(5 points) The methodological features of Chomsky"s TG differs from the structural grammar in the following aspects; rationalism, innateness, deductive methodology, emphasis on interpretation, formalization, emphasis on linguistic competence, strong generative powers, emphasis on linguistic universals.(5 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查乔姆斯基的转换生成语法的发展阶段及其哲学或方法论特征。自诞生至今，转换生成语法经历了五个发展阶段：古典理论旨在使语言成为一门科学；标准理论论述如何在语言学理论中研究语义学；扩展的标准理论重在讨论语言普遍现象和普遍语法的问题；修正的扩展标准理论(或称管约理论)主要讨论管辖和约束；最近的一个阶段是最简方案，是对此前理论的进一步修订。乔姆斯基的转换生成语法的主要哲学特征为：理性主义、先天论、演绎的方法、强调解释、形式化、强调语言能力、强大的生成力、重视语言的普遍性。