The question of where insights come from has become a hot topic in neuroscience, despite the fact that they are not easy to induce experimentally in a laboratory. Dr. Bhattacharya and Dr. Sheth have taken a creative approach. They have selected some brain-teasing but practical problems in the hope that these would get closer to mimicking real insight. To qualify, a puzzle had to be simple, not too widely known and without a methodical solution. The researchers then asked 18 young adults to try to solve these problems while their brainwaves were monitored using an electroencephalograph (EEG). A typical brain-teaser went like this. There are three light switches on the ground-floor wall of a three-storey house. Two of the switches do nothing, but one of them controls a bulb on the second floor. When you begin, the bulb is off. You can only make one visit to the second floor. How do you work out which switch is the one that controls the light? This problem, or one equivalent to it, was presented on a computer screen to a volunteer when that volunteer pressed a button. The electrical activity of the volunteer"s brain (his brainwave pattern) was recorded by the EEG from the button"s press. Each volunteer was given 30 seconds to read the puzzle and another 60 to 90 seconds to solve it. Some people worked it out; others did not. The significant point, though, was that the EEG predicted who would fall where. Those volunteers who went on to have an insight (in this case that on their one and only visit to the second floor they could use not just the light but the heat produced by a bulb as evidence of an active switch) had had different brainwave activity from those who never got it. In the right frontal cortex, a part of the brain associated with shifting mental states, there was an increase in high-frequency gamma waves (those with 47~48 cycles a second). Moreover, the difference was noticeable up to eight seconds before the volunteer realised he had found the solution. Dr. Sheth thinks this may be capturing the "transformational thought" in action, before the brain"s "owner" is consciously aware of it. This finding poses fascinating questions about how the brain really works. Conscious thought, it seems, does not solve problems. Instead, unconscious processing happens in the background and only delivers the answer to consciousness once it has been arrived at. Food for further thought, indeed.

单选题 Which kind of problems can be used in Dr. Bhattacharya and Dr. Sheth"s research?

单选题 Through which character of the brain did the scientists study the brain?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：事实细节题。科学家的研究所利用的是大脑的什么特点?文章第三段是对实验问题的具体介绍。第三段第二句提到，志愿者的brain(his brainwave pattern)was recorded，其中括号里面的brainwave pattern正是科学家所利用的大脑特点，故[A]为答案。[B]项的EEG只是所使用的监测仪器；[C]The right frontal cortex是脑电波出现的位置；[D]则是大脑无意识中捕捉到的信息，而非是大脑的特点。

单选题 The EEG would predict the success of a volunteer

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：事实细节题。文章第四段提到，在实验过程中，成功解答问题的人与没有能解答问题的人的脑电波不同。原文提到，there was an increase in high—frequency gamma waves，并且还说the difference was noticeable up to eight seconds before the volunteer realised he had found the solution。由此可见，成功者的脑电波会释放高频的伽马射线。所以本题答案为[B]。[A]项只提到了不同，但未指出不同之处；[C]项中的abnormal并不是原文表达的内容；[D]项与[A]项一样，没有具体指出是哪种brainwave，故不选。

单选题 How do brains work according to the text?

单选题 Dr. Bhattacharya and Dr. Sheth"s answer to the question in the first paragraph may be that

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：推理判断题。本题是对文章最后一句话的考查。最后一句话Food for further thought，indeed也是对实验结果的评价。Food for further thought是一个谚语，意为“值得深思的问题”。最后一段第一句也指出，实验结果提出了大脑是如何工作的这个极有吸引力的问题，可见，实验并没有解决首段提出的问题，而是提出了更值得思考的问题。所以，本题答案为[A]。