【正确答案】 1、inculcate a spirit of hard work and competition in people    

【答案解析】事实细节题，段尾处命题。见最后一段In all these cases，examinations inculcate a spirit of hard work and competition．Students Of office workers call refresh their mind again and again on what they have learnt．This maintains a certain individual and overall standard of knowledge．在所有这些情况下，考试都能培养一种学习和奋力竞争的精神。不论是学生还是办公室员工都可以将自己所学的东西一遍一遍地翻新，这样，知识就可以在个人层面和全体层面都保持一个较高的水平。