单选题 Since time immemorial, countless scholars have asked the question: What is beauty? As philosophers engage in weighty discourses, designers update the latest fashions, and artists create their masterpieces, what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace. Fifty years ago, the full-figured Marilyn Monroe embodied the American aesthetic value; today, a legion of Hollywood actresses vastly different in appearance from Marilyn"s have taken her place. However, aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation, but do so along cultural lines as well. The conventions that govern painting and music vary greatly from East to West. Often, what is considered disgusting to one civilization is the pinnacle of aesthetic appeal in another. Thus, when left to the sphere of human design, the search for an absolute definition of beauty remains an elusive one at best. As fundamental physicists, my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that does not remain uninfluenced by definition; The beauty that we search for is not that which is laid down through the work of people and subject to short-term tastes, but rather that which has been established by Nature. Those not involved with physics tend to think of it as a precise and predictive science—certainly not a field of study fit for the contemplation of the beautiful. Yet, one of physics"s greatest gifts is that it allows its students to look past extrinsic appearances into a more overwhelming beauty. As a human being, I am captivated by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach. As a physicist, however, I possess the ability to be captivated by the much deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon. Where the nonphysicist sees a lovely but inexplicable event, the well-schooled physicist is able to perceive a brilliant design. In truth, since the day that Albert Einstein first proposed the notion that there might be one overarching physical theory that governs the universe, aesthetics has become a driving force in modern physics. What Einstein and we, as his intellectual descendants, have discovered is this;Nature, at its most fundamental level, is beautifully constructed. The remarkable simplicity of the laws that govern the universe is, at times, nothing short of breathtaking. And at every step, as new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels, we find that the beauty itself becomes more profound. As Einstein himself said, it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living in a " chaotic world, in no way graspable through thinking. " Yet here we are, closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe"s beautiful clockwork.
单选题 The author mentions Marilyn Monroe in Paragraph 1 in order to______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析:由本题题干定位至第一段。作者在文章开篇指出,人们对美的理解在不断地变化,很难对美提出一个固定的标准,因此排除A;文章通篇都在谈论关于对美的定义,所举例子也应是围绕这一主题,故排除B;第一段第四句作者提到,美学价值随时代而变化,也会因文化的不同而存在差异,可见对美的定义并不是连续的,排除D。由第一段第三句可以看出,作者以玛丽莲·梦露为例是为了说明50年前代表的美学价值早已发生了变化,美是不断变化的,当代人对美又有了新的看法,C符合文意。
单选题 The author"s assertion in Lines 7-8, Paragraph 1("what is considered disgusting...in another")suggests that______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:通过上题分析可知,作者一开始便认为无法给美下一个标准的定义,因为人们对美的看法在不断变化。题干中所引用的作者的主张,即在第一段倒数第二句中作者指出,一种文明中被认为是美学巅峰的东西可能被另一种文明唾弃。可见很难给真正的美下个定义,故D为答案。但这里没有提到文化间会相互冲突,也没有说许多文明有趋向于令人讨厌行为的倾向,A、B项均排除;这里没有提到对物理的欣赏会将不同社会联系在一起,C项错误。
单选题 As used in Line 3 Paragraph 2, the phrase "laid down" most nearly means______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析:本题为词义辨析题。rest“安置”;create“创造”;sleep“静止”;set“放置”。第二段第二句的大意为,“我和我的同事寻找的美不是人类的创作,也不取决于一时的品味,而是由自然创造的”。这里将人类创作作品与自然的杰作相比较,体现作者对物理之美、自然之美的推崇和赞扬。根据文意,C为答案。
单选题 In the course of outlining the various gifts of physics, the author cites all of the following EXCEPT______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】解析:文章开篇就指出美是不断变化的,任何一种美都可能因为时代或文化的不同而不同,A选项不是作者引述的内容,故为答案。文章中第二段第四句开始列举了物理给人们的各种馈赠:让人们理解了内在美和外在美,体会到浪花拍打沙滩的视觉美,以及从表面的事件中看到了深层布局,故可排除B、C、D。
单选题 In the third paragraph, Albert Einstein"s proposal of an "overarching physical theory" suggests that______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】解析:由题干直接定位到第三段第一句。该句提到爱因斯坦提出的“支配一切物理理论”后,在第二句指出,爱因斯坦及其文化继承人发现,尽管宇宙很复杂,但是透过层层复杂的表层后,看到的是自然规律的基本构造,其简单之美让人惊叹,因此A符合文意。该段第一句还提到美学已经成为现代物理的推动力,可见美学对物理作用重大,排除C;作者同时指出,科学技术和新发现让人们可以看到事物的深层本质,物理让人们体会到宇宙深刻的美,可见物理世界是可以从理性层面认识的,D错误;文章提到了自然及宇宙的复杂,但这并不是提出爱因斯坦“支配一切物理理论”的真正目的,排除B。
单选题 The author quotes Albert Einstein in Lines 7 - 8 , Paragraph 3 in order to______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:作者在第三段第四句提到,每当新的发明和技术使我们更深层次地研究物理世界时,我们会发现“美”本身更加高深莫测,说明我们掌握的越多,发现自己不了解的越多,接着作者引用爱因斯坦的话,正是为了印证自己前面的论述,即宇宙的秩序是卓越非凡的,D为答案。“物理法则影响混乱”,文中没有提及,排除A;此处是借用爱因斯坦的影响力来强调自己的观点,不是强调他的影响范围,排除B;文章通篇赞颂物理之美,C与文意不符,排除。
单选题 The purpose of this passage is to______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析:通读全文可发现,作者先对“美”的定义进行了讨论,提出“美”没有一个标准的定义,然后说明了自己所理解的美,将美与物理联系在一起。指出物理能让人透过现象看到事物本质,既能看到事物的外在美又能体会到事物的内在美。虽然宇宙非常复杂,但通过物理学我们能透过层层复杂的现象体会到宇宙真正的美。作者的目的在于解释通过对物理的理解而揭露出来的美。只有B符合文意,其他选项均不是作者的最终目的。