In the sphere of science and technology related to agriculture, China year-by-year narrows the gap between its performance and that of the advanced countries. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to China’s agriculture has increased from 20 percent in 1949 to 42percent. Agricultural sci-tech departments have made much progress in biotechnology, new and high technology and basic research, and the cultivation of plant cells and tissues, anther culture, haploid breeding and the research on its application have reached the world’s advanced level. Bilinear hybrid rice, hybrid corn breeding, and multi-crop planting technologies featuring intensive cultivation have reached or approached the world’s advanced level. In addition, an important breakthrough has been made in the research of making use of the advantages of hybrid beans. Since 1949 Chinese agricultural scientists have cultivated more than 40 varieties of crops, and 5,000 high-yield, excellent-quality and strong-resistant new varieties and new combinations. The varieties of major crops have witnessed four to five renewals. In general, one renewal results in an increase of 10 percent to 30 percent in output. At present, the yield of crops has increased to 4.40 tons per ha from 1.16 tons per ha in 1950, or a growth of 3.8 times.