问答题
New research points to a biological role in criminality.
The tattoo on the ex-con"s beefy arm reads: Born to raise hell. Much as it may defy the science of the past, which blamed crime on the social influences such as poverty and bad parenting, the outlaw may be onto something. Though no one would deny that upbringing and environment play important parts in the making of a criminal, scientists increasingly suspect that biology also plays a significant role.
Poverty and family problems, sex-role expectations, community standards—all may predispose individuals toward crime. But many researchers now believe that the reason one individual commits a crime and another person doesn"t may have as much to do with neurological differences as it does with differences in upbringing or environment. After all, says Dr. Tames Q. Wilson, a professor of management and public policy at UCLA, "it"s hard to find any form of behavior that doesn"t have some biological component."
The tattoo on the ex-con"s beefy arm reads: Born to raise hell. Much as it may defy the science of the past, which blamed crime on the social influences such as poverty and bad parenting, the outlaw may be onto something. Though no one would deny that upbringing and environment play important parts in the making of a criminal, scientists increasingly suspect that biology also plays a significant role.
Poverty and family problems, sex-role expectations, community standards—all may predispose individuals toward crime. But many researchers now believe that the reason one individual commits a crime and another person doesn"t may have as much to do with neurological differences as it does with differences in upbringing or environment. After all, says Dr. Tames Q. Wilson, a professor of management and public policy at UCLA, "it"s hard to find any form of behavior that doesn"t have some biological component."
问答题
According to the passage, what makes a person commit a crime besides factors like upbringing and environment?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Biology (Neurological differences).[解析] (文章首段最后一句即指出除了家教和环境之外，众多科学家认为生物学(biology)与形成犯罪有关。第二段中间部分也谈到神经差异(neurological differences)也有可能是导致犯罪的原因，所以回答Biology或Neurological differences都对。)
问答题
Why do some researchers believe that biology has an effect on criminality?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Throughout history, crime has occurred in all cultures. Also, in all societies, about 90% of violent criminals are men—many of them young.[解析] (文章第四段和第五段首句分别列出两点关于研究者认为生物学与犯罪有关的原因，一是各国文化均有犯罪发生(throughout history, crime has occurred in all cultures)，二是多数罪犯均为男性和少年(in all societies, about 90% of violent criminals are men—many of them young)，将两点结合起来回答即可。)
问答题
What do criminals have in common according to biological experts?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Criminals are, on the whole, angry people (They have the capacity for aggression).[解析] (在陈述完第一点生物学可能导致犯罪的原因后，文章谈到犯罪共性的原因，即“人类侵犯的能力”(the human capacity for aggression)。该段最后哈佛心理学家也谈到罪犯的共有特点，他们都是“angry people”。)
问答题
How to explain "One is shy, the other bold; one sleeps through the night, the other is always awake; one is curious and exploratory, the other passive..."?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Each child/person is born with a particular temperament, or characteristic pattern of psychological response.[解析] (这段诗的前一句解释了这段诗的含义，即“每个人生来都有其个人特有的脾气或者心理反映规则”。该句可直接作为答案。)
问答题
What is the focus of research on the nature-nurture question?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】The focus is mostly on three areas: biochemical imbalances, genetic factors and physical damage such as head injury around the time of birth.[解析] (文章倒数第一段首句即介绍了本次研究主要涉及的三个领域“生物化学失调，基因和体质损伤”(biochemical imbalances, genetic factors and physical damage)。)