单选题
Until about four decades ago, crop yields in agricultural systems depended on (1) resources, recycling organic matter, built-in biological control mechanisms and rainfall patterns. Agricultural yields were (2) but stable. Production was (3) by growing more than one crop or variety in space and time in a field as insurance against pest (4) or severe weather. Inputs of nitrogen were (5) by rotating major field crops with legumes. In turn, rotations suppressed insects, weeds and diseases by effectively (6) the life cycles of these pests. A typical corn belt farmer grew corn (7) with several crops including soybeans, and small grain production was intrinsic to maintain livestock. Most of the labor was done by the family with occasional hired help and no (8) equipment or services were purchased from off4arm sources. In these type of farming systems the link between agriculture and ecology was quite (9) and signs of environment degradation were seldom evident. But as agriculture modernization (10) the ecology-farming linkage was often broken as ecological principles were (11) . In fact, several agricultural scientists have arrived at a (12) consensus that modem agriculture confronts an environment crisis. A growing number of people have become concerned about the long-term (13) of existing food production systems. Evidence has shown that (14) the present capital-and-technology-intensive fanning systems have been extremely productive and competitive, they also bring a (15) of economic, environmental and social problems. Evidence also shows that the very nature of the agricultural structure and prevailing polices have led to this environmental (16) by favoring large farm size, specialized production, crop monocultures and mechanization. Today as more and more farmers are integrated (17) international economies, imperatives to (18) disappear and monocultures are rewarded by economies of scale. In turn, lack of rotations and diversification (19) key self-regulating mechanisms, turning monocultures into highly (20) agro-ecosystems dependent on high chemical inputs.
单选题
A. external B. internal C. exported D. imported
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】考查上下文语义衔接。文章开头就讲以前农业的状况,从后面并列的“循环有机物质,内部生物控制机制和降雨机制”,可以推测农业依赖的是内部资源,选internal,同时注意与本段倒数第二句谈到的 no... euqipment or service were purchased from off-farm sources相呼应。排除external“外部的”、imported“进口的”、exported“出口的”。
【答案解析】考查上下文逻辑衔接。该句前半句说现在农业系统productive and competitive,后面转而说带来 problems,因此只能是让步关系,锁定[B]与[C],但despite一般不引导句子,因此只有[B] whereas“尽管”正确。[A]as和[D] because都表示原因。
单选题
A. variety B. number C. quantity D. mixture
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】考查惯用搭配。a variety of是“一系列、多种的”,强调多样性,符合后面的economic, environmental and social problems等多样化的问题。a number of与a quantity of只是强调数量;a mixture of是指混合。
单选题
A. situation B. protection C. crisis D. issue
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】考查上下文语义衔接。上一段最后一句就指出目前的资本与技术密集型企业带来很多问题,本句Evidence also shows...承接上一句,应该继续讲问题所在,所以说农业大规模经营,专业化生产以及作物单一栽培和机械化,带来的是环境危机,即crisis,而不可能是protection“环境保护”或者situation“环境情形”;issue是“问题”,一般指社会问题或者政治问题。