复合题

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and circle the corresponding letter. 

Passage One

There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be under-sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue. 

Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance. 

单选题 The author seems to indicate that _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据文章首句“There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have”可知， 文章的主要话题为不同学术观点对于人类到底应该睡多长时间的看法及争议。 因此本题答案为B。
单选题 The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据第一段末句“They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue”可知， 作者提出有人即使睡的足够多也依然很难在起床的时候保持清醒， 可推断作者是指有人即使获得充足的睡眠也依然会困这一情况， B贴合题意。
单选题 In the last paragraph the author points out that _____ .
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】由文章最后两句话“...It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to...”可知， 作者认为阻止那些睡眠少的人投入工作会妨碍其发展， 所以应该鼓励他们投入工作。 C中的encouraged与文中的be a pity to retard是同义转述。 故选C。
单选题 We learn from the passage that the author _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】文章分别叙述了三种观点： 第一个是“With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings”， 第二个是“the present trend is towards too little sleep”， 第三个是“most people are persuaded to sleep too much”。 所以作者在文章中分别评论了这三种观点， 并没有提出自己的完整观点。 故B为正确答案。
单选题 Which of the following is true of the passage?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据第二段开头“Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep”可知， 越来越多的人受到过少睡眠的影响， 故B为正确答案。