单选题
Cost as a Factor in Supply

In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products (51) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or (52) the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the (53) of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for (54) he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can (55) to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly (56) of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.
Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. (57) mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, (58) logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists (59) to this principle as the law of increasing costs.
The reason costs rise as production goes up is (60) . However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, (61) competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs (62) skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get (63) from other sources. This can be done by (64) higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, (65) not all land is equally fertile and not all ore (矿石) is equally rich in the mineral wanted.

单选题 A. to B. at C. of D. on
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】只可能用of，the products of his competitors“他的竞争对手的产品”。
单选题 A. below B. beneath C. over D. above
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】below the market price“低于市场价”，从整句的意思看不可能用over或above，因为只有按市场价或者低于市场价，他才可能把产品都卖掉，在below和beneath两个词中，“低于……价格”应该说“below...price”。
单选题 A. price B. cost C. worth D. profit
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】在定价时，他必须考虑生产的成本(take the cost of production into consideration)，worth“价值”，profit“利润”。
单选题 A. that B. why C. what D. if
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这句考的是语法，介词for后面要求加一个名词性的成分，这里不是一个单一的名词，而是一个由what引导的从句——what will be a short time。he believes是个插入语成分。又如：I ran for what I believed was two miles. 我自信跑了有两英里路。
单选题 A. afford B. pretend C. offer D. try
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】afford to“有能力做某事”，no business person can afford to lose money for a prolonged period“没有哪个生意人能承受长时间的赔本”。
单选题 A. sure B. afraid C. aware D. suspicious
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】to be aware of是个短语，意思是“意识到，看到”，全句的意思是：如果他要在竞争中成功、获得利润，那他必须时时根据市场价格去考虑生产成本。
单选题 A. Because B. Since C. When D. While
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】这里需要填进一个连接词，四个选项都是可以引导一个从句的连接词，选哪一个要从句子的意义上去考虑。这里两个从句的意思是相对的，第一句说：大规模生产在生产增加的情况下，每个单件产品的成本下降；第二句说：逻辑和实际经验又表明在生产超过一定的水平后，每一单件的成本会上升。所以这里应填人表示对比的连词while。
单选题 A. both B. neither C. none D. any
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】logic和practical experience之间的and表明，这里不可能是neither，neither后面要跟nor，只可能是both，both后面跟and。
单选题 A. resort B. refer C. turn D. attend
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】所给的四个动词后面都可以跟介词to，但意思各不相同。句子后面的as给了我们提示，refer to...as...是个短语，意思是：把……说成是……。又如：He referred to his own son as a problem youth. 他把自己的儿子说成是个问题青年。
单选题 A. clear B. simple C. difficult D. complex
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】所给的四个形容词意思各不相同，从语法的角度看，都可以填入该句中。要决定填哪个，必须借助上下文。下面一句话以however开始，表示了和前面一句话在意思上的转折，后面又说it is easy to recognize...这表明前面的意思应和easy相反，故可排除clear和simple，余下difficult和complex，从词的搭配上看，一般不说reason is difficult，故应选complex。
单选题 A. bringing B. resulting in C. including D. carrying out
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】result in是个短语，意思是“导致……结果”。整个resulting in短语说的是前面句子带来的后果。
单选题 A. less B. numerous C. more D. many
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这里填入的是名词labor的限定成分，labor是不可数名词，因此可以先排除numerous和many。余下的less和more，意思截然相反，从句子的意思上去考虑，自然应该填入more。
单选题 A. them B. these C. it D. those
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这里需要填入的代词是指代labor的，labor是单数形式的，所以只可能用it。
单选题 A. offering B. cutting C. reducing D. having
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】四个选项都可以和wages连用，但从意思上看，这里应该是提供更高的工资的意思，故用offering。
单选题 A. as if B. just as C. because D. while
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】这里填进去的是一个连接词，前后两个句子表示的是两种类似情况的比较，句子的意思是：就如并非所有的土地都一样肥沃，并非所有的矿石都一样富含所要的矿物质那样，并非所有的劳动力都能有同样的产出。因此应该选just as。又如：Not all Chinese drink tea, just as not all Americans drink coffee.