语法与词汇

Some people find extremely difficult to get up early in the morning and do not seem able to get going very well until afternoon.

【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】

本题重点考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。it在句中不仅能代指名词,也能在某些 动词的规范句型中作形式宾语代指不定式。画线部分中及物动词find后面缺形式宾语, 如果find作谓语动词时后面跟上形容词和不定式,那么其规范句式是find it +adj+to do sth.。因此find后面须有一个代词it。四个选项中,只有D选项符合find it 办+to do sth. 句式。
[参考译文]有些人感觉早起非常困难,直到下午才恢复过来。
[语法拓展] 代词it作形式宾语的基本句式结构:
①动词 + it + that-clause。
e.g. I take it (that) he will come on time.我认为他会准时来的。
② 动词(find/ think/ consider/ make…) + it + adj./n. + to do/doing 
e.g. He makes it a rule never to borrow money.他立志决不向别人借钱。
I think it no need talking about it with them.我认为没必要跟他们谈。
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.我觉得理解慢速英语并不难。
③动词 + it + that-clause。
e.g. I can’t answer for it that he will come.我不能保证他会来。
You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you.你放心,他会来接你的。
说明:能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for等。that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。
④ 动词+ it + 介词短语+ that-clause。
e.g. We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident 多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。
I took it for granted that he would help us.我认为他会帮助我们的。
⑤ 动词 + it + when/if-clause。
e.g. I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。
I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹 口哨。
I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.如果您能给我指点一下数学,我将感激不尽。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作,那就太好了。
注意:能用于此结构的动词不多,常见某些表示“ 喜、怒、哀、乐” 的动词,如: enjoy,hate, love,like,dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。