Whether you're a New Jersey mall rat or a farmer in India, being poor can exhaust your smarts. The findings indicate that an【C1】______need— making rent, getting money for food—tugs at the attention so much that it can【C2】______the brainpower of anyone who experiences it, regardless of innate intelligence or【C3】______. As a result, many social【C4】______programs set up to help the poor could backfire(have an undesired effect)by adding more【C5】______to their lives. There's a widespread tendency to【C6】______that poor people don't have money because they are lazy,【C7】______or just not that sharp, said study coauthor Sendhil Mullainathan. "Our【C8】______was quite different: It's not that poor people are any different from rich people, but that being poor【C9】______itself has an effect." Mullainathan wanted to find out how those psychologically【C10】______situations affected their overall mental【C11】______. To do so, the researchers traveled to India and【C12】______464 sugar cane farmers before and after a harvest. Sugar cane farmers get paid only once a year. One month before harvest time, they are【C13】______for cash; one month after harvest, they're flush with【C14】______. The farmers took tests before and after harvest. When money was running low, they performed【C15】______on the IQ test and took slightly longer to answer questions on the test than they did when【C16】______wasn't a problem. The drop was【C17】______—about 9 IQ points. The research lends support to the idea that many behaviors【C18】______to being poor—using less preventive healthcare, having higher obesity rates, be ing less【C19】______parents and making poor financial decisions—may be caused by【C20】______rather than the other way around.
单选题
【C1】
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析:两个破折号之间的making rent,getting money for food(筹钱交房租、筹钱买食物)是对——need的举例说明。衣食住行是每个人最基本的需求,故选B项urgent“紧要的”,urgent need意为“紧要的需求”。
单选题
【C2】
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:上文提及…tugs at attention(……拖住人们的注意力),因此会使人的智能受到影响。本句是对文章首段主旨(贫穷使你的智能衰竭)的具体说明。——the brainpower对应主旨中的exhaust your smarts(使你的智能衰竭)。因此空格处填入的词应跟exhaust(使……衰竭)意思相近,故选A项diminish“减少”。
【答案解析】解析:根据冒号后的说明(it’s not that...,but that…),我们可推断出此处作者否定了上文提及的widespread tendency(普遍的趋势),提出了自己的看法。虽然研究者在下文中对此进行调查论证,但在被提出时这种看法是没有任何依据的,故选A项intuition“直觉”。
单选题
【C9】
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析:在解释穷人之所以穷时,句中提及的“穷人与富人之间并无不同”与上文中的regardless of innate intelligence or______均否定了人与人之间本质的不同。因此,推断作者应强调的是外界环境对人的影响,即贫穷本身,故选C项,in itself意为“本身”。
单选题
【C10】
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】解析:此题需要一个形容词对situation进行描述。空格前的those提示psychologically situations指代的是上文的being poor。上文(第2段)提及贫穷将会极大地消耗人的注意力(tugs at one's attention so much),与之相呼应的只有D项draining“令人精疲力竭的”。
单选题
【C11】
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析:本文首段已点明主题:being poor can exhaust your smarts。文中也多次讨论对人的智能(smarts,brain power)的影响。因此空格应填入表示“智能”的词,故选B项capacity“能力”,mental capacity意为“智能”。
单选题
【C12】
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:下文提及研究者给农民进行测试并分析结果,这种过程属于A项survey“调查”。
单选题
【C13】
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】解析:本部分作者对比被调查者(蔗农)收获季节前后一个月的经济状况。在一年只有一次收入的情况下,收获前的经济状况they are——for与下文收获后的they are flush with(充足的)是相对应的,因此,应选与“充足的”相对的be strapped for(缺乏的),故选D。
【答案解析】解析:and连接两个并列结构。从took slightly longer to answer questions(花更长的时间回答问题)可推断出他们在“资金不足时”的表现不如“when______wasn't a problem”条件下的表现。故选C项worse“更差”。下文的the drop was about 9 IQ points印证了C。
单选题
【C16】
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:本部分提及农民接受两次测试并将结果进行对比。when money was running low和when______wasn't a problem是对应的条件部分。故选与money意思接近的A项finance“财政”。
单选题
【C17】
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析:破折号后的about 9 IQ points是对the drop的具体说明。9 points的变化相对于智商来说是属于“差距较大的”,故选C项substantial“大量的,相当多的”。