翻译题
From Kartik Dhara's home, the trucks at the top of the garbage mountain look like the toys he sees city children playing with on his rounds of Kolkata. 【F1】A garbage truck driver in the eastern Indian city, he can't afford to buy toys for his own children, but he often finds discarded ones where he unloads rubbish every day. "You can find everything there," he says. "There are truckloads of smuggled chocolates or medicines that the excise department finds. I've even found money and gold. I keep it in my house. When I'm in a time of need, when there's a big difficulty in my life, I'll sell it and I'll use the money." Dhara is one of around 30,000 people who live on and around Kolkata's landfill site at Dhaka. Garbage collectors like Dhara clean up after the city's 4.5 million people, and dump around four thousand metric tonnes of waste at Dhaka every day. A garbage processing industry has since sprung up on the site. 【F2】In the slums at the base of the mountains of rubbish, hundreds of people make a living as ragpickers or scrap dealers, by sorting the waste and recycling. 【F3】Living and working on the landfill comes with serious health hazards that successive state and central governments continue to ignore. Inextinguishable fires burn all day and night, which pollute the air. 【F4】They are so ubiquitous that the workers no longer complain about the fumes, and municipal authorities don't bother to put them out. With acres of cheap, unbuilt land so close to the city, Kolkata's poorest people end up here hoping to make a living. Wages are low, and living conditions are cramped and unhygienic. Most people live and work in the same room. 【F5】Urban development projects may have improved the city, but critics say they have done little to improve the lives of the people who feed and clean up after its residents. "Go and look at New Town," says Raju Yadav, a farmer who lives near the landfill site. "It's like New York. Of course I support the government. They've made our Kolkata look like London. So what if they haven't done anything for us? They can't work for particular people; they have to work for the whole city, for all its residents." Chatterjee, who oversees the Kolkata Municipal Corporation, says his government does not have the funds to manage the landfill site at Dhaka. "Being mayor, I want to see the landfill site but where do I get the money?
【答案解析】①本句是并列复合句，其中分句2包含一个地点状语从句。分句1中，A garbage truck driver in the eastern Indian city作为he的同位语，说明he是印度东部城市的一名垃圾车司机。②分句1和分句2都是主谓宾结构。分句2的discarded ones中ones指代分句1中的toys，意为“被遗弃的玩具”。③地点状语从句where he unloads rubbish也是一个简单的主谓宾结构，where指代的是前文提到的the garbage mountain。
【答案解析】①本句是一个简单句，主干位于两个逗号之间，为主谓宾结构，as后接的ragpickers or scrap dealer是主语补足语，对hundreds of people的进一步解释说明，表示这里数以百计的人都是拾荒者或废品经销商。②主干前是一个由介词短语构成的地点状语，主干后是由by+动词ing构成的方式状语。
【答案解析】①本句是包含一个定语从句的主从复合句。②that引导的定语从句修饰先行词health hazards。successive修饰state and central governments，指一届接任一届的地方和中央政府都忽视人们的健康问题。
问答题9.【F4】
【正确答案】燃烧的火实在是无处不在，这里的工人已不再抱怨烟气，而当地政府也懒得去灭火。
【答案解析】①本句是包含一个主句和两个结果状语从句的主从复合句，主句是主系表结构，so…that…引导两个结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。②They指代的是前文所提及的inextinguishable fires“不灭的火”。两个结果状语都是简单的主谓宾结构，分别为sb．(no longer)complain about sth.和sb．bother to do sth.结构。
【答案解析】①本句是并列句，其中分句2包含一个宾语从句和一个定语从句。分句1是一个简单的主谓宾结构。②分句2也是一个主谓宾结构，其宾语由省略了引导词that的宾语从句充当。该宾语从句也是一个主谓宾结构，they指代分句1提及的urban development projects，宾语从句是现在完成时(have done little to improve．．．)。③该宾语从句中，包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the people，who在从句中既是引导词又是主语。feed and clean up after its residents，这里的its residents指代城市的普通居民，与从句所修饰的the people不是同一类人。