单选题 Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child"s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.
There is some relationship between age and children"s characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self—blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self—reflection.
Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls" adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self—control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents" fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.

单选题 Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to parental divorce because ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查事实细节。第一段第三句提到，“喜怒无常、性格急躁的孩子与个性温和、容易相处的孩子相比，更难以应对父母的离异，因为一般来说，他们更难以适应生活上的变化”。该句中as引导原因状语从句。因此A项为正确答案，其中“care too much about”是原文“have more difficulty adapting to”的改写。B项有较大干扰性，该段第四句进一步分析指出，压力使孩子难以适应生活上的变化，但这种压力可能来自家庭也可能来自其他方面。C项前一部分“容易发脾气”不是原因，只能算是不适应环境的表现。D项本身从文中无法推知，更不是原因。全文末句提到的是“男孩比女孩更多地受到父母争吵的影响”。

单选题 The following statements are true EXCEPT ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推理引申。第二段第三句提到，年长孩子对父母离异的羞愧、愤怒及自我反省心理取代了年幼孩子的困惑和恐惧心理。由此可见，年长的孩子更容易感到羞愧。D项与事实相反。为本题的正确选项。该段第二句提到，长大的孩子更能意识到父母离异的决定不能简单归结于任何单一的原因。因此C项正确，A项是该句中提到的事实。第三句提到8岁以后孩子对被抛弃的恐惧才会减少，因此可推出B项符合事实。

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that the impact of divorce ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推理引申。全文提到了多个决定父母离异对孩子影响的因素，包括性格、年龄、性别。第一段指出，喜怒无常、性格急躁的孩子更容易受影响。第二段提到，随着年龄的增长，一些影响会消失或新的影响出现。第三段则提到，父母离异最初对男孩的影响较大，而女孩受到的影响较隐蔽，进入青春期或成年期后，新的问题又浮出水面。因此A项是最全面的论述。文中没有提到“孩子交流”的问题，排除B项；C项涉及性别和个性两个因素，因此无法判断谁受到的影响更大；D项太片面，只考虑了性别因素。

单选题 According to the author, the reason why parental divorce has greater effect on boys than on girls is that ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推理引申。第三段中间作者提出了一个问题，怎样解释离婚对男孩影响比女孩大呢?接下来文章从三个方面进行了解释：一，我们的文化更能容忍男孩具有攻击性和不驯服性；二，男孩更希望树立起自律的强悍的男人形象，也希望父母严格自律；三，男孩较少受到他人的同情与支持。C项符合第二点原因，是正确项。A项错在“所有文化”，文章中是“我们的文化”。B项错在“卷入(involved in)”，全文最后一句提到的是“男孩更容易受到(be exposed to)父母吵架的影响”。D项这种说法无从推知。