Choice is a fundamental American value that often lies at the center of heated political discussions. However, recent research suggests that thinking about our lives in terms of choices may reduce our support for public policies that promote greater equality in society.
    By emphasizing free will over the situational factors that shape people's life experiences, thinking about choice may lead us to view inequality as less bothersome. For example, thinking about choices may lead us to feel less concerned about the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor. The persons who had thought about their actions in terms of choices were less likely to feel alarmed.     1    Choice may lead us to focus on how people's freely chosen actions lead to either poverty or wealth, making wealth inequality seem like a reasonable result rather than a public problem that needs to be solved.
        2    Although political orientation is related to the degree to which people support policies designed to promote equality, the idea of choice influenced the opinions of both liberals and conservatives. In an experiment, participants were asked to watch a short video of a person doing mundane activities in an apartment, such as opening mail or reading a magazine. Some participants were asked to press a button whenever they saw the person in the video touch an object. Other participants were asked to press the button whenever they perceived that the person in the video was making a choice.     3    Later all participants were asked to read about public policies designed to redistribute educational resources in a community in order to make things more equal between the wealthy and the poor. Those who had been prompted to think about choices, regardless of their own political leanings, expressed less support for the equalizing policies.
    The results from these studies may have something to do with how closely Americans associate choice with freedom. When Americans are made to think about choice, they may shift their attitudes in favor of policies that promote individual freedom rather than restrict it.     4    In 2011 Savani and his colleagues published a set of studies demonstrating that thinking about choice decreases people's support for laws that limit individual freedoms, such as banning violent video games or levying environmental taxes on fuel-inefficient cars. Thinking about choice also led people to feel more positively towards laws that uphold individual freedoms, such as laws legalizing marijuana.
    Unfortunately, they found that thinking about choice also has a downside. For example,     5    participants who had thought about choices, were more liken to blame people who had experienced car accidents, physical abuse, or a loss of their home due to a building collapse.
问答题  
 
【正确答案】
【答案解析】选择可能会使我们关注人们自由选择的行为如何导致了贫穷或富裕,使得财富的不公平分配看上去是合理的结果,而不是一个需要解决的公共问题。
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【正确答案】
【答案解析】虽然政治取向与人们支持推进公平政策的程度有关,选择的观念却同时影响着自由派和保守派的观点。
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【正确答案】
【答案解析】之后,所有的参与者被要求阅读一些公共政策,这些政策旨在重新分配社区中的教育资源,使穷人和富人之间的资源更加公平。
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【正确答案】
【答案解析】2011年,Savani和他的同事们发表的一系列调查研究显示出考虑选择减少了人们对于限制个人自由的法律的支持,比如禁止含暴力内容的电子游戏或者对高能耗的汽车征收环境保护税等。
问答题  
 
【正确答案】
【答案解析】那些考虑选择的参与者更可能责备那些经历了车祸、体罚或者因房屋倒塌而失去家园的人。