问答题 When Americans express indifference about the problem of unequal incomes, it"s usually because they see the United States as a land of boundless opportunity. Sure, you"ll hear it said, our country has pretty big income disparities compared with Western Europe. And sure, those disparities have been widening in recent decades. But stark economic inequality is the price we pay for living in a dynamic economy with avenues to advancement that the class-bound Old World can only dream about. We may have less equality of economic outcomes, but we have a lot more equality of economic opportunity.
The problem is, this isn"t true. Most of Western Europe today is both more equal in incomes and more economically mobile than the United States. A nation that prides itself on its lack of class rigidity has, in short, become significantly more economically rigid than many other developed countries. How did our perception of ourselves end up so inconsistent with reality?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】对于收入不公的问题,美国人不以为意,态度冷淡,这通常是因为,他们认为美国是充满机会的天堂。人们常说,确实,与西欧相比,我国收入差异化的情况很严重。并且,近几十年来,收入差异持续扩大。但我们用严重的经济收入不均换来的是经济的繁荣、通往成功道路的通达,这些都是阶级分明的欧洲国家梦寐以求的。也许,我们国家在经济收入上公平度欠缺,但是,在经济机遇上公平度较高。
问题在于,事实并非如此。如今,与美国相比,大多数西欧国家不仅收入公平度更高,人们的经济地位的流动性也更强。总之,一个一直以没有太多阶级限制为傲的国家在经济地位的流动性方面已经变得比许多发达国家更加僵化了。为何我们对于自身的看法竞与现实如此不符? But stark economic inequality is the price we pay for living in a dynamic economy with avenues to advancement that the class-bound Old World can only dream about.
首先需要注意这一句话以及前面几句话作者都是在引用美国人对于经济不平等的观点,因此说话的视角是普通的美国民众。句子主干是stark economic inequality is the price we pay...for...,“……严重的经济分配不均是我们为……付出的代价”。for后面的宾语是living in dynamic economy,后面又紧跟一个with结构做定语,修饰a dynamic economy。再后面that引导的是个定语从句,先行词是a dynamic economy,翻译时可单独作为一句话译。由于for后面的宾语内容较长,有较多的修饰语,因此翻译时我们可以将主句部分“严重的经济分配不均是我们为……付出的代价”改译为“我们用严重的经济收入不均换来的是……”。
economic inequality可译为“经济不平等”或“收入不平等”或“收入不均”。a dynamic economy意思是“有活力的经济”,“欣欣向荣的经济”;with avenues to advancement这个短语中avenue一词表示“途径,手段”,整个短语的意思是“进步的途径”。因此连在一起a dynamic economy with avenues to advancement的意思就是“有进步的途径的欣欣向荣的经济”,但是直接这样翻译非常生涩,为了保证通顺,我们可以将之译为“经济的繁荣、通往成功道路的通达”。最后的that引导的定语从句中class-bound是一个合成词,-bound这个后缀表示“受到……限制的,被……困住的”,例如snow-bound意思是“被大雪围困的”,这里的class-bound意思就是“阶级分明的,等级森严的”。
但我们用严重的经济收入不均换来的是经济的繁荣、通往成功道路的通达,这些都是阶级分明的欧洲国家梦寐以求的。
The problem is, this isn"t true. Most of Western Europe today is both more equal in incomes and more economically mobile than the United States.
mobile一词表示“移动的,流动的”,在整篇文章的语境中,它指的是“可流动的”,economically mobile意思是“经济地位的流动性”。
问题在于,事实并非如此。如今,与美国相比,大多数西欧国家不仅收入公平度更高,人们的经济地位的流动性也更强。
A nation that prides itself on its lack of class rigidity has, in short, become significantly more economically rigid than many other developed countries.
句子主干是A nation...has...become...more economically rigid than...。A nation后接that引导的定语从句,翻译时可直接翻译为前置定语。
pride oneself on sth意思是“以……为傲,引以为豪”;economically rigid是上文economically mobile的反义词,意指“经济地位的流动性的僵化”。
总之,一个一直以没有太多阶级限制为傲的国家在经济地位的流动性方面已经变得比许多发达国家更加僵化了。
How did our perception of ourselves end up so inconsistent,with reality?
end up这个短语的意思是“以……告终,最终”,往往表示事件的发展和料想的完全不同,因此在某些语境中也可翻译为“竟然”;(be) inconsistent with这个短语的意思是“与……不符”。
为何我们对于自身的看法竟与现实如此不符?