阅读理解 Parents should not assume that young children's natural language abilities will lead to true grown-up language skills without a good deal of effort. Erika Hoff, a developmental psychologist who is a professor at Florida Atlantic University and the lead author of a 2015 review article on bilingual development, said: "For everybody trying to raise a bilingual child, whatever your background and reason, it's very important to realize that acquiring a language requires massive exposure to that language."
Pediatricians routinely advise parents to talk as much as possible to their young children, to read to them and sing to them. Part of the point is to increase their language exposure, a major concern even for children growing up with only one language. And in order to foster language development, the exposure has to be person-to-person; screen time doesn't count for learning language in young children—even one language—though kids can learn content and vocabulary from educational screen time later on. "For bilingual development, the child will need exposure to both languages," Dr. Hoff said, "and that's really difficult in a monolingual environment, which is what the U.S. is."
"A child who is learning two languages will have a smaller vocabulary in each than a child who is only learning one; there are only so many hours in the day, and you're either hearing English or Spanish," Dr. Hoff said. The children will be fine, though, she said. They may mix the languages, but that doesn't indicate confusion. "Adult bilinguals mix their languages all the time; it's a sign of language ability," she said.
Dr. Hoff works in South Florida, where there is a very educated and affluent population raising children in Spanish and English. "The children start out as baby bilinguals, but the older they get, the more English overtakes Spanish," she said. "The ones who are successful bilinguals as adults are still much better in English than they are in Spanish—they didn 't go to school in Spanish, they don't read books in Spanish, and when you actually measure the size of their vocabularies, or the grammar they understand, or the coherence of the narrative they produce, they are not as proficient as they are in English." Parents will need to be mindful about introducing the child to literacy in that language. They will need to be thoughtful about ways they will encourage the child to maintain the language.

单选题 26.According to Professor Erika Hoff, when developing a bilingual child, parents______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段最后一句。由关键信息requires massive exposure to that language可知，培养双语孩子需要孩子大量接触相关语言，把他们放在一定的语言环境中，因此A项正确。B项意为培养双语孩子“不需要做出努力”，而该段第一句则在强调孩子掌握成人语言技能需要做出努力，故错误。C项意为培养双语孩子需要“考虑背景”，由该段最后一句关键信息whatever your background(不管你的背景如何)可知，背景对培养双语孩子来说并不是主要因素，故错误。D项意为培养双语孩子父母“应相信孩子天生的语言能力”，并不需要做出其他努力，与首句表述相悖，故本题选A。

单选题 27.According to Paragraph 2, language exposure______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段。该段第一句talk as much as possible，．．read to them and sing to them是对“语言接触”的具体说明，即父母应多和孩子交流，因此A项正确。B项意为语言接触对“掌握一种语言的孩子来说并不重要”，这与第二句a major concern even for children growing up with only one language(即便是对从小只使用一种语言的孩子来说，这都是非常重要的)相悖，故错误。C项意为语言接触“要求孩子自学语言”，其言外之意是孩子不需要与其他人交流就能学好语言，其与该段第三句the exposure has to be person-to-person(这种接触必须是面对面的)表述不一致，故错误。D项意为语言接触“仅包括内容和词汇的学习”，不符合题意，故本题选A。

单选题 28.Based on the information in Paragraph 3, the following are true EXCEPT______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段。A项意为“尽管孩子们混淆了两种语言，他们也不会感到困惑”，其与文中They may mix the languages，but that doesn’t indicate confusion(他们或许会把两种语言混合起来，但这并不意味着他们感到困惑)相符，故正确。B项意为“成人双语者的语言学习能力比小孩子弱”，根据该段最后一句Adult bilinguals mix their languages all the time(成人双语者总是混用语言)可知，该项正确。C项意为“学习一种语言孩子的词汇量大于学习双语的孩子”，其与该段第一句A child who is learning two languages will have a smaller vocabulary in each than a child who is only learning one(正在学习两种语言的孩子掌握的每一门语言的词汇量，少于只学习一种语言的孩子)相符，故正确。D项意为“孩子们没有同时习得两种语言的能力”，其与文中The children will be fine，though表述不一致，故本题选D。

单选题 29.The children in Dr. Hoff's working place in South Florida are______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段。该题A项意为“在南佛罗里达州，孩子比成人更精通英语”，该段第二、三句分别意为“孩子起初是双语婴儿，但随着年纪渐长，他们的英语水平会日益超过西班牙语”“即便成为优秀的成人双语者，他们的英语水平还是会比西班牙语高得多”。由此可知，作者并不是拿孩子的英语跟成人的英语进行对比，而是孩子长大成人后英语水平要高于西班牙语，故A项错误。C项意为孩子“出生在悲惨的家庭”，其与该段首句中educated and affluent(受教育且是富裕的)相悖，故错误。D项意为孩子“不愿意学习西班牙语”，虽然文中提到孩子“没去过用西班牙语授课的学校，没读过西班牙语书籍”，但其并不意味着他们不愿意学习西班牙语，故错误。B项意为孩子“长大后更擅长英语”，很明显符合文意，故本题选B。