单选题
单选题
What is the main purpose of the talk?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a poetry class. The professor is discussing medieval poetry.
Professor
OK, so, the two poems we"re looking at today fall into the category of, uh, medieval times, which was how long ago?
Female student
Almost a thousand years ago, right?
Professor
Yes, that"s right—
Female student
But professor, are you sure these are poems? I mean, I thought poems were shorter. These are more like long stories. I mean, one of "am was all about love, but the other one, the chan—chan—whatever it"s called, that other one, well, it was all about fighting and battles. I mean, can both of them be considered poems?
Professor
Well, think back to the very beginning of this course.
Female student
Uh-huh.
Professor
Remember how w-w-we defined poetry? In the very broadest sense, we said it"s written to evoke, uh, to make you, the audience, have some kind of emotional experience through the use of imagery, uh, some kind of predictable rhythm, and-and usually, but not always, there"s more than one meaning implied with the words that are used. Let"s start with chanson poetry first. That"s chanson.
Chanson poems became popular in Europe, particularly in France, and the term is actually short for a longer French phrase that translates to, uh, songs of deeds. Ah, now, they were called songs of deeds because, strangely enough, they were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of...of warriors, the knights during conflicts. We don"t know a lot about the authors...it"s still contested somewhat, but we"re pretty sure about who the chanson poems were written for. That is, they were written for knights and the lords, the, uh, nobility that they served. The poems were sung, uh, performed by a minstrel, a singer who traveled from castle to castle, singing to the local lord and his knights...Well, would, uh, would someone summarize the main features of the chanson poem you read?
Male student
Well, there"s a hero, a knight, who goes to battle, and he"s admired for his courage, bravery, and loyalty, loyalty to the lord he serves, his country, and his fellow warriors in the field. He"s—he has...uh, he"s a, he"s a skilled fighter willing to face the most extreme dangers, uh, sacrificial, uh, willing to sacrifice anything and everything to protect his king and country.
Professor
OK, now, given that the intended audience for these poems were knights and lords, what can we say about the purpose of chanson poetry? What kinds of feelings was it meant to provoke?
Female student
Well, I guess they must"ve been really appealing to those knights and lords who were listening to them, hearing the songs probably made "em feel more patriotic, made "em feel like it was a good and noble thing to serve their countries in whatever way they could.
Professor
Good. We"ve got a pretty good picture of what the chanson hero was like. Now let"s compare that to the hero in the other poem. The other poem is an example of what"s called romance poetry. And the hero in the romance poem was also a knight. But what made the knight in romance poetry different from the knight in chanson poetry?
Well, first, the purpose of the hero"s actions was different. The hero in romance poetry is independent, purely solitary in a way, not like the chanson poet who was always surrounded by his fighting companions. He doesn"t engage in conflict to protect his lord or country. He does it for the sake of adventure, to improve himself, to show he"s worthy of respect and love from his lady. He"s very conscious of the particular rules of social behavior he has to live up to somehow, and-and all of his actions are for the purpose of proving that he is an-an upright, moral, well-mannered...well-behaved individual. You may have noticed that in chanson poetry there isn"t much about the hero"s feelings...the focus is on the actions, the deeds. But the romance poetry describes a lot of the inner feelings, the motivations, uh, psychology, you could say, of a knight trying to improve himself, to better himself so that he"s worthy of the love of a woman.
What explains this difference? Well, digging into the historical context tells us a lot. Urn, romance poetry emerged a few generations after chanson and its roots were in geographic regions of France that were calmer, where conflict wasn"t central to people"s lives. More peaceful times meant there was more time for education, travel...more time for reflection. Another name for romance poetry that"s often synonymous with it is troubadour poetry .
Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a poetry class. The professor is discussing medieval poetry.
Professor
OK, so, the two poems we"re looking at today fall into the category of, uh, medieval times, which was how long ago?
Female student
Almost a thousand years ago, right?
Professor
Yes, that"s right—
Female student
But professor, are you sure these are poems? I mean, I thought poems were shorter. These are more like long stories. I mean, one of "am was all about love, but the other one, the chan—chan—whatever it"s called, that other one, well, it was all about fighting and battles. I mean, can both of them be considered poems?
Professor
Well, think back to the very beginning of this course.
Female student
Uh-huh.
Professor
Remember how w-w-we defined poetry? In the very broadest sense, we said it"s written to evoke, uh, to make you, the audience, have some kind of emotional experience through the use of imagery, uh, some kind of predictable rhythm, and-and usually, but not always, there"s more than one meaning implied with the words that are used. Let"s start with chanson poetry first. That"s chanson.
Chanson poems became popular in Europe, particularly in France, and the term is actually short for a longer French phrase that translates to, uh, songs of deeds. Ah, now, they were called songs of deeds because, strangely enough, they were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of...of warriors, the knights during conflicts. We don"t know a lot about the authors...it"s still contested somewhat, but we"re pretty sure about who the chanson poems were written for. That is, they were written for knights and the lords, the, uh, nobility that they served. The poems were sung, uh, performed by a minstrel, a singer who traveled from castle to castle, singing to the local lord and his knights...Well, would, uh, would someone summarize the main features of the chanson poem you read?
Male student
Well, there"s a hero, a knight, who goes to battle, and he"s admired for his courage, bravery, and loyalty, loyalty to the lord he serves, his country, and his fellow warriors in the field. He"s—he has...uh, he"s a, he"s a skilled fighter willing to face the most extreme dangers, uh, sacrificial, uh, willing to sacrifice anything and everything to protect his king and country.
Professor
OK, now, given that the intended audience for these poems were knights and lords, what can we say about the purpose of chanson poetry? What kinds of feelings was it meant to provoke?
Female student
Well, I guess they must"ve been really appealing to those knights and lords who were listening to them, hearing the songs probably made "em feel more patriotic, made "em feel like it was a good and noble thing to serve their countries in whatever way they could.
Professor
Good. We"ve got a pretty good picture of what the chanson hero was like. Now let"s compare that to the hero in the other poem. The other poem is an example of what"s called romance poetry. And the hero in the romance poem was also a knight. But what made the knight in romance poetry different from the knight in chanson poetry?
Well, first, the purpose of the hero"s actions was different. The hero in romance poetry is independent, purely solitary in a way, not like the chanson poet who was always surrounded by his fighting companions. He doesn"t engage in conflict to protect his lord or country. He does it for the sake of adventure, to improve himself, to show he"s worthy of respect and love from his lady. He"s very conscious of the particular rules of social behavior he has to live up to somehow, and-and all of his actions are for the purpose of proving that he is an-an upright, moral, well-mannered...well-behaved individual. You may have noticed that in chanson poetry there isn"t much about the hero"s feelings...the focus is on the actions, the deeds. But the romance poetry describes a lot of the inner feelings, the motivations, uh, psychology, you could say, of a knight trying to improve himself, to better himself so that he"s worthy of the love of a woman.
What explains this difference? Well, digging into the historical context tells us a lot. Urn, romance poetry emerged a few generations after chanson and its roots were in geographic regions of France that were calmer, where conflict wasn"t central to people"s lives. More peaceful times meant there was more time for education, travel...more time for reflection. Another name for romance poetry that"s often synonymous with it is troubadour poetry .
多选题
According to the professor, who was the intended audience for chanson poetry?
Choose 2 answers
.
【正确答案】
A、C
【答案解析】
问答题
According to the professor, what is true about the hero in chanson poetry and the hero in romance poetry?
Put o check (√) in the correct boxes.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】
单选题
Why does the professor mention that romance poems often included biographical sketches?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】
单选题
What does the professor say about the political climate during the time troubadours were writing poetry?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】