单选题
American suffers from an overdose of work. (1) who they are or what they do, they spend (2) time at work than at any time since World WarⅡ. In 1950, the US had fewer working hours than any other (3) country. Today, it (4) every country but Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared (5) 1,951 in the US and 1,603 (6) West employees. Between 1969 and 1989, employed American (7) an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The work-week (8) at about 40 hours, but people are working more weeks each year. (9) , paid time off — holidays, vacations, sick leave — (10) 15 percent in the 1990s. As Corporations have (11) stiffer competition and slower growth in productivity, they would (12) employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s (13) the professional and managerial ranks, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations, (14) wages have been reduced, workers have added hours (15) overtime or extra jobs to (16) their living standard. The Government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job. For the first time, large (17) of people say they want to cut (18) on working hours, even if it means earning less money. But most employers are (19) to let them do so. The government which has stepped back from its traditional (20) as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.
单选题
A. As regards to B. Regardless of C. With regard to D. In regard to
单选题
A. much less B. abundant C. a lot more D. surplus
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。文章开头第一句话就提到,美国人正suffers from an overdose of work,那么此处需要选择一个与overdose同义的词。[A]much less意为“少很多”,与文意相反;[B]abundant“充足的,丰富的”,多表褒义;而[D]Surplus意为“过剩的,多余的”,无法与文意衔接。由此可以判断,本题答案为[C]a lot more“许多的,更多的”。 [点拨] 做完形填空题时,应学会“瞻前顾后”,因为很多信息,可以在上下文中得到提示。此处的 a lot more 正照应前面提到的 overdose。
单选题
A. advanced B. industrialized C. developed D. mechanized
【答案解析】[解析] 惯用衔接题。本题要选一个介词与compare搭配,表示“相比较”。这里指对于工人一年的劳动时间,日本的2,155小时、美国的1,951小时和西欧的1,603小时构成比较关系。compare with“与…相比较”; compare to“把…比作…”,固此答案为[A]。而[C]in和[D]on与compare不搭配。 [点拨] compare A with B“将A与B相比较”;compare A to B“将A比作B"。
单选题
A. in the former B. of the past C. in the early D. in the earlier
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。联系上下文,本句下半句but后面意为“人们每年工作的周数增加了”,根据but判断,上半句与此意是转折关系,那么肯定是在说“工人每周工作的时间减少了或者是没有增减”。文章总体思路是在说工作时间的增加,所以不可能是减少,因此可以确定,上半句的意思是“工人每周工作的时间不变”。表示不变的选项只有[D]remained“保持”。[C]set表示“设定”的时候,需要用被动形式be set as...;而[A]arrived“到达”和[B]stopped“停止”均不能与文意衔接。所以本题答案为[D]remained。
【答案解析】[解析] 惯用衔接题。选项动词用于v. sb. to do sth.结构,据此可以将选择范围缩小到[C]、[D],urge sb. to do sth.“督促,鞭策某人做某事”,oblige sb. to do sth.“强迫、迫使某人做某事”,但oblige的主语只能是事物,不能是人,所以排除[D]选[C]。[A]squash“压扁;推挤;镇压”、[B]squeeze“压挤;挤入”,后面直接跟sth.或 sb.做宾语,不用于v. sb. to do sth.结构,同时意思上也不符合本句“催促工人工作更长的时间”之义。
单选题
A. minimized B. reduced C. lessened D. relieved
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。这里指减少了专业人员和管理阶层。[A]minimize指“努力使损失或风险(loss/ risk)等尽可能地减少”;[B]reduce“在范围、数量上或程度上减少”;[C]lessen表示“数量(distance/chance)或程度(influence/suffering/pressure)的减少”;[D]relieve表示“减轻(症状),缓和(局面)”等。很显然,[B]更能与文意衔接。本题答案为[B]。 [点拨] [A]minimize指“努力使损失或风险(loss/risk)等尽可能地减少”,如:minimize input complexity “尽可能地减少和简化输入”;[B]reduce“在范围、数量上或程度上减少”,如:reduce the number of places to go “减少目的地数量”。
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。根据上题分析,表示提高生活水平的词语[C]improve“改进,改善”最常用。improve their living standard“改善生活状况”;[A]preserve意为“保留,收藏”,强调使之完好无损或质量不变;[B] conserve意为“保存,保藏,保重”,强调通过保存或节约来到达持久的效果,一般与energy,health,resources等连用;[D]protect“保护”,则完全不能与文意相衔接。所以本题答案为[C]improve。 [点拨] 选项[B]conserve强调“少使用以达到长久的效果”,还有“对…加以保护以防止被改变或被破坏”的意思。
单选题
A. numbers B. amounts C. figures D. quantities
【答案解析】[解析] 惯用衔接题。根据句意,很多人都表示,愿意减少工作时间,哪怕是少挣钱。本空所选词要与cut连用,表示减少。[A]cut off“切断”;[B]cut out“不再起作用,停止做”;[C]cut back on sth.“大量削减”;[D]cut down on sth.“减少数量”。所以本题答案为[D]。
单选题
A. discouraged B. unwilling C. forbidden D. inclined
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。本句谈到政府的作用。观察四个选项,所选词应该与regulator照应。[A]position“位置”与[C]task“任务”可首先排除。主要区分[B]function和[D]role的区别。function主要指自身所具有的功能,如:The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.“心脏的功能就是为身体供血”。而role侧重指作为某一角色或处在某一位置上所发挥的作用,如:The media play a major role in influencing people’s opinions.“媒体在影响人们的观点方面发挥了主要作用”。本题选[D]role更能衔接文意。traditional role as a regulator of work time“作为调整劳动时间的传统意义的角色”。所以本题答案为[D]。