Restoring the world's fisheries is really a no-brainer, says a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). A team of scientists from the University of California compiled a database of over 4,500 fisheries around the world, and after using various bioeconomic models, the authors found that health and productivity are not mutually exclusive when it comes to the world's fisheries. "It is not a tradeoff between the needs of fishermen and the needs of fish," Douglas Rader, chief oceans scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund, tells The Christian Science Monitor in a phone interview Monday. "To have our fish and eat them too—it's remarkable." "Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in our dataset could generate annual increases exceeding 16 million metric tons (MMT) in catch, $ 53 billion in profit, and 619 MMT in biomass relative to business as usual," the authors explain in their study. "We also find that, with appropriate reforms, recovery can happen quickly, with the median fishery taking under 10 [years] to reach recovery targets. Our results show that commonsense reforms to fishery management would dramatically improve overall fish abundance while increasing food security and profits." Rights-based fishery management (RBFM) optimizes economic value. In this approach, fishing quotas are set to ensure healthy population levels, and then in turn product prices increase (because of higher quality and demand) and fishing costs decrease (because of a reduced race to fish). And RBFM is realized through approaches like cooperatives, territorial rights, and individual transferable quotas. All of these approaches give fishermen secure fishing rights. Under most current management systems, fisherman practice a "race to fish" competing with one another to catch as many fish as possible, taking fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce. Some governments have instituted individual quotas, but this creates a tense relationship between fisherman and regulators, and the men and women on the water lack a financial incentive to preserve the overall ecosystem. "In contrast, in a catch share system (also called a fishing rights system) , each fisherman is entitled to a percentage of the total allocated haul," explains National Geographic's Brian Clark Howard after his conversation with study author Amanda Leland. " If the number of fish in the ocean rises, the number that can be caught can quickly be revised. That gives all fishermen an incentive to use best practices and patrol their own waters, says Leland, so everyone' s piece of the pie gets bigger." And this isn't exactly a new concept, says Rader. We've known the fates of fisheries and fisherman are interconnected, but this study proves that both financial and reproductive success, respectively, are possible.
单选题 What used to be the relationship between health and productivity concerning the world's fisheries?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析：(1)根据题目顺序，本题可定至第1段。(2)根据文章，“世界渔场恢复有望”，(研究发现)“世界渔场的健康和生产率之间的关系不会再是相互排斥的”(第l段：not mutually exclusive)。根据第2段，“渔民需要和渔场需要，并非鱼和熊掌”(第2段：not a tradeoff)。其言外之意便是，过去长时期内两者之间的关系是排斥的，即“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”。(3)从全文来看，本文就是从“渔民”和“渔场”双赢的角度进行分析的。据此，选项[D]正确。
单选题 It seems that the recovery of fisheries depends much on
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：(1)根据题干关键词recovery(恢复)，定位至第3段。注意题干中much一词的限制。(2)根据文章，“若进行管理改革．捕捞量会增加、利润会增加、生物量也会增加”(第3段：increases，biomass)。“改革后，渔场可迅速恢复，总体上可以改进整体的鱼类数量”(第3段：fish abundance)。这里的abundance是重复上文的biomass，生物量的增多是作者主要关心的问题。据此，选项[C]为最佳答案。
单选题 What can be the critical element in the rights-based fishery management?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析：(1)关于rights-based fishery management这一概念，是第4段的话题。注意题干中critical的限制。(2)第4段主要围绕着“改革”展开，根据文意：“改革优化经济价值”(第4段：optimizes)，“规定捕捞配额，以保证健康的种群水平”(第4段：fishing quotas)。(3)在第5段，作者重复道，“这些方案给渔民有保障的捕鱼权利”(第5段：secure fishing rights)，“有些政府已经制定了捕捞配额”(第5段：quotas)。据此，可以肯定“捕捞配额”是渔业管理的关键要素，故答案为选项[B]。
单选题 The author's attitude towards the current practices of fishermen seems to be that of
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】解析：(1)根据题干关键词current practices定位至第5段。(2)根据文章，“在现行做法下，渔民们争强斗胜，大肆捕捞，速度超过了鱼类繁殖的速度”(第5段：rate)。(3)按照文章的写作思路，这正是渔业需要解决的问题。所以，答案为选项[A]。
单选题 The text is intended to answer the question of
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：(1)本题是考查对全篇文章中心议题的理解。(2)文章第l段是点出话题，“恢复世界各地的渔场”(第1段：Restoring)，“渔场健康和生产率是可以兼顾的”(第1段：not mutually exclusive)。之后，第2、第3段通过引用阐释了具体内容。(3)第4、5、6、7段针对现在渔场存在的问题，介绍了“渔场和渔民管理方案的优势”，可以挽救渔民和渔场。对比四个备选，只有选项[C]最佳表达了全文的中心。