单选题 In the longest-term study of its kind, researchers pitted two popular diets head to head—a low-fat American Heart Association-style diet and a carb-controlled Mediterranean diet, each combined with regular physical activity—in a population of overweight patients who had Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that over the four-year study, patients who adhered to the Mediterranean-style eating plan maintained lower blood-sugar levels for a longer time than those in the low-fat-diet group. The Mediterranean dieters were also able to maintain slightly more weight loss than the low-fat group and showed small improvements in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels, both risk factors for heart disease. On the basis of their finding, the study's authors suggest that some diabetes patients may be able to substitute diet and exercise for blood-sugar-lowering medications. "A Mediterranean-style diet is a very important part in the treatment of diabetes. We knew that, " says Dr. Loren Greene, a New York University Medical Center endocrinologist, who was not involved in the study. "But there just hasn't been a good study to confirm this before."
The current study does not make clear, however, whether diet alone can reduce blood sugar enough to eliminate the use of diabetes medication or whether it is even advisable to forgo medication at all. Participants in the new study were kept off drugs when their AIC levels—a measurement that indicates a patient's blood-sugar levels over the previous three months—were below 7%, the standard cutoff for what is considered controlled blood sugar. But "we don't know for sure if people with AIC levels under 7% still need to be on drugs, " says Greene. "The research just hasn't answered that question yet." Recent studies suggest that using blood-sugar-controlling medication even among the 57 million Americans who have pre-diabetes—meaning they have elevated, but not dangerously high blood sugar and are at very high risk of developing diabetes— may prevent the development of heart disease an stroke.
While diabetes doctors generally agree that the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes should always be exercise and diet, many recommend also using drugs. For its part, the American Diabetes Association advises patients with Type 2 diabetes to make appropriate lifestyle changes and to start a drug regimen immediately upon diagnosis. Still, many doctors acknowledge patients' aversion to chronic drug-taking." Almost universally, people don't want to take medicine if they can avoid it, " says Greene. And physicians point out that the direct and indirect costs associated with taking a drug—even one as widely prescribed as the generic diabetes medication metformin(二甲双胍，一种抗糖尿病和降血糖药)—can serve as a barrier for many patients, especially among disadvantaged populations and those without health insurance.
Whether avoidance of medication in certain cases proves to be reasonable, for now it can at least be used as an effective incentive to improve lifestyle habits, says Greene: "If you are told, 'If you don't want to go on medicine, stick to this diet, ' then that's a pretty valuable tool at least for patient compliance."

单选题 Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A. Two kinds of diets can cure diabetes.
B. Diet can be used as diabetes drugs.
C. Diet can help avoid diabetes drugs.
D. Diabetes patients can substitute a low-fat diet for drugs.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 主旨大意根据问题题干该题需要通读全文。从全文的结构来看，文章前两段总结利用饮食来替代药物治疗糖尿病的实验情况、结果及由此得出的结论；接着分析这种实验本身的缺陷及利用食物治疗糖尿病的一些现实情况；最后总结全文，明确指出可以根据具体情况来使用饮食治疗糖尿病，从而避免患者服用药物。由此可知，全文的中心是饮食可以帮助糖尿病患者避免服用药物而达到治疗糖尿病的目的，因此选项C为正确答案。该题针对整篇内容命题，属主旨大意考查类题目。此类题目的正确答案一般要通观全文，找到文章的中心内容。整篇文章围绕饮食替代药物来治疗糖尿病的实验出发，分析其利弊，总结实验结果；最后文章还强调饮食可以帮助糖尿病患者避免服用药物而达到治疗糖尿病的目的，因此选项C为正确答案。本题的干扰性较弱，文章一直强调饮食在治疗糖尿病方面的辅助作用。而选项A、B、D都过于绝对，与原文内容不符。

单选题 According to the passage, Mediterranean diet ______.

A. is an American Heart Association-style diet
B. is better than the low-fat diet in treating diabetes
C. has higher carb than the low-fat diet
D. can completely replace diabetes drugs

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 事实细节根据题目中的Mediterranean diet可定位在文章的前两段。第二段第一句“Researchers found that over the four-year study, patients who adhered to the Mediterranean-style eating plan maintained lower blood-sugar levels for a longer time than those in the low-fat-diet group"，由此可判断选项B为正确答案。该题针对前两段内容命题，属于事实细节考查类题目。此类题目的正确答案一般是根据题干在原文定位的句子或句子上下句来查找。根据该题题干定位在Researchers found that over the four year study, patients who adhered to the Mediterranean-style eating plan maintained lower blood-sugar levels for a longer time than those in the low-fat-diet group(第二段第一句)，意为“在长达4年的研究中，研究人员发现，与低脂肪饮食组相比，坚持地中海式饮食计划的患者血糖水平在较长时间内都比较低”，也就是说在治疗糖尿病方面，地中海式饮食更有成效，因此选项B为正确答案。选项C在原文没有提及，可首先排除；文章第一段第一句In the longest-term study of its kind, researchers pitted two popular diets head to head—a low-fat American Heart Association-style diet and a carb-controlled Mediterranean diet，选项A与两种食物对比的内容矛盾，也可排除；选项D中的completely夸大了饮食的作用，与文章的主要观点不吻合。

单选题 Greene thought that the study proved ______.

A. importance of a Mediterranean-style diet to diabetes patients
B. effect of a Mediterranean-style diet totally instead of medication
C. reasonable for diabetes patients to refuse medication
D. unnecessary for pre-diabetes to take medication

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 事实细节根据题于该题可以定位到文章第二段。第二段第四句“A Mediterranean-style diet is a very important part in the treatment of diabetes”，由此可判断选项A为正确答案。该题针对第二段内容命题，属于事实细节考查类题目。此类题目的正确答案一般是根据题干在原文定位的句子或句子上下句来查找。本题中通过题干在第二段中定位的句子可直接获得答案。选项D并没有在原文提及，可首先排除；文章第三段第一句“The current study does not make clear, however, whether diet alone can reduce blood sugar enough to eliminate the use of diabetes medication or whether it is even advisable to forgo medication at all”，选项B和选项C与此句内容矛盾，也可排除。

单选题 We learn from Para.4 that ______.

A. diabetes patients must take medication upon diagnosis
B. medication is the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes
C. lifestyle and medication are both important for diabetes patients
D. diabetes patients have no difficulties accepting medical cure

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 事实细节根据题干该题可以定位到文章第四段。第四段第二句“For its part，the American Diabetes Association advises patients with Type 2 diabetes to make appropriate lifestyle changes and to start a drug regimen immediately upon diagnosis”，其中提到了生活方式的改变和药物的使用，因此可判断选项C为正确答案。该题针对第四段内容命题，属于事实细节考查类题目。此类题目的正确答案一般是根据题干在原文定位的句子或句子上下句来查找。本题比较简单，只要能准确定位答案所在的句子，即可排除干扰，做出正确判断。第四段第一句While diabetes doctors generally agree that the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes should always be exercise and diet, many recommend also using drugs，原句使用recommend表示“建议服药”，而选项A中must，太过绝对可首先排除；选项B与第一句所表示的内容the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes should always be exercise and diet恰好相反，也可排除；第四段第三句Still, many doctors acknowledge patients' aversion to chronic drug-taking，其中aversion表示病人并不喜欢使用药物，因此选项D可排除。

单选题 What's Greene's attitude to avoidance of medicine for diabetes patients?

A. Indifferent.
B. Supportive.
C. Negative.
D. Worried.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 主旨大意根据题干可定位在最后一段Whether avoidance of medication in certain cases proves to be reasonable, for now it can at least be used as an effective incentive to improve lifestyle habits, says Greene: "If you are told, 'If you don't want to go on medicine, stick to this diet,' then that's a pretty valuable tool at least for patient compliance. "句中effective, reasonable等表达说明Greene的态度是支持的，因此选项B为正确答案。该题针对第五段内容命题，属于主旨大意考查类题目。此类题目的关键在于原文相关内容中总结作者的观点态度。文章第五段都是Greene所说的话，其中an effective incentive to improve lifestyle habits, that's a pretty valuable tool at least for patient compliance等语句表达了Greene对避免服用药物的支持态度，因此选项B为正确答案。该题的干扰性较弱。考生只要关注核心词汇，找出每一段中心意思即可判断作者观点态度。