已选分类
哲学
1单选题Economist: Any country that is economically efficient will generate wealth. Such a country will remain politically stable only if that wealth is distributed equitably. The equitable distribution of wealth puts an end to risk taking, the indispensable precondition of economic efficiency. Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn on the basis of the statements above?
2单选题Car telephones have become increasingly popular because they permit people to make or receive business calls while driving. As an additional benefit, motorists can quickly call for help in the event of an accident or breakdown. Nevertheless, car telephones should be prohibited because their use causes hazardous driving. It can be concluded from the statements above that the author is committed to the troth of which of the following statements?
3单选题The toxin produced by certain marine snails contains various proteins, one of which, when injected into mice, made mice aged two weeks or younger fall asleep and made older mice run for hiding places. When mice are suddenly seriously threatened, very young ones react by staying perfectly still, whereas older ones run away. The facts stated above provide the strongest support for which of the following working hypotheses?
4单选题George Bernard Shaw wrote: "That any sane nation, having observed that you could provide for the supply of bread by giving bakers a pecuniary interest in baking for you, should go on to give a surgeon a pecuniary interest in cutting off your leg is enough to make one despair of political humanity. Shaw's statement would best serve as an illustration in an argument criticizing which of the following?
5单选题That social institutions influence the formation of character has become a generally accepted proposition. This doctrine views individuals as but compliant recipients of social influence: personalities are entirely the products of society, and at any point in life an individual's personality can be changed by management of the social world. Crime is said to exist only because society has in some ways failed in its responsibility to give every person the resources to lead a productive life. However, whereas it is tree that extreme poverty forces some people to steal, it is obvious that some persons will commit crimes no matter how well society treats them. Which of the following is implied by the "doctrine" (line 2) described in the passage above?
6单选题Advertisements: In today's world, you make a statement about the person you are by the car you own. The message of the SKX Mach-5 is unambiguous: Its owner is Dynamic, Aggressive, and Successful. Shouldn't you own an SKX Mach-5? If the claims made in the advertisement are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
7单选题Dense snow cover can cause unusually harsh weather patterns to persist. If a severe winter storm blankets the Great Plains, the snow cover reflects the sun's radiation back into space and thus keeps the temperature of the ground tow. Consequently, cold air moving down from Canada remains cold enough to cause more snowstorms. Which of the following is a conclusion that can be properly drawn from the information above?
8单选题The fire that destroyed the Municipal Building started before dawn this morning, and the last fire fighters did not leave until late this afternoon. No one could have been anywhere in the vicinity of a fire like that one and fail to notice it. Thomas must have seen it, whatever he now says to the contrary. He admits that, as usual, he went from his apartment to the library this morning, and there is no way for him to get from his apartment to the library without going past the Municipal Building. The main conclusion of the argument is that
9单选题No senator spoke at the convention unless he or she was a Democrat. No Democrat both spoke at the convention and was a senator. Which one of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn from the statements above?
10单选题Politician: Unless our nation redistributes wealth, we will be unable to alleviate economic injustice and our current system will lead inevitably to intolerable economic inequities. If the inequities become intolerable, those who suffer from the injustice will retort to violence to coerce social reform. It is our nation's responsibility to do whatever is necessary to alleviate conditions that would otherwise give rise to violent attempts at social reform. The statements above logically commit the politician to which one of the following conclusions?
11单选题Book Review: When I read a novel set in a city I know well, I must see that the writer knows the city at least as well as I do if I am to take that writer seriously. If the writer is faking, I know immediately and do not trust that writer. When a novelist demonstrates the required knowledge, I trust the storyteller, so. I trust the tale. This trust increases my enjoyment of a good novel. Peter Lee's second novel is set in San Francisco. In this novel, as in his first, Lee passes my test with flying colors. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
12单选题Although aspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose. A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the body's diseasefighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria. If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?
13单选题Ironically, people who use aspartame as a sweetener to reduce their caloric intake could wind up defeating their purpose, since studies show that high levels of aspartame may trigger a craving for carbohydrates by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers carbohydrate satiety. Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn if the statements above are true?
14单选题There are about 75 brands of microwave popcorn on the market; altogether, they account for a little over half of the money from sales of microwave food products. It takes three minutes to pop corn in the microwave, compared to seven minutes to pop corn conventionally. Yet by weight, microwave popcorn typically costs over five times as much as conventional popcorn. Judging by the popularity of microwave popcorn, many people are willing to pay a high price for just a little additional convenience. If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true?
15单选题Some cleaning fluids, synthetic carpets, wall paneling, and other products release toxins, such as formaldehyde and benzene, into the household air supply. This is not a problem in well-ventilated houses, but it is a problem in houses that are so well insulated that they trap toxins as well as heat. Recent tests, however, demonstrate that houseplants remove some household-toxins from the air and thereby eliminate their danger. In one test, 20 large plants eliminated formaldehyde from a small, welt-insulated house. Assume that a person who lives in a small, well-insulated house that contains toxin-releasing products places houseplants, such as those tested, in the house. Which one of the following can be expected as a result?
16单选题Biometric access-control systems—those using fingerprints, voiceprints, etc., to regulate admittance to restricted areas—work by degrees of similarity, not by identity. After all, even the same finger will rarely leave exactly identical prints. Such systems can be adjusted to minimize refuels of access to legitimate access-seekers. Such adjustments, however, increase the likelihood of admitting impostors. Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
17单选题Comets do not give off their own light but reflect light from other sources, such as the Sun. Scientists estimate the mass of comets by their brightness: the greater a comet's mass, the more light that comet will reflect. A satellite probe, however, has revealed that the material of which Halley's comet is composed reflects 60 times less light per unit of mass than had been previously thought. The statements above, if true, give the most support to which one of the following?
18单选题In a recent year California produced an orange crop equal to only seventy-six percent of Florida's orange crop. However, when citrus crops as a group, including oranges, were compared, the California crop was twenty-three percent greater than Florida's crop for the same year. If the information above is true, which of the following can properly be concluded about the Florida and California citrus crops in the year mentioned?
19单选题No ambitious politician will challenge an elected public official running for reelection unless that official appears vulnerable. Nonetheless, elected public officials who do not appear vulnerable as they attempt to win reelection rarely run unopposed. If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from them?
20单选题Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct. Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist. Dr. Ladlow's evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Anson's argument?