完形填空Walking through the woods alone can be a frightening prospect for a kid, but not for 7-year-old Matthew of Portland, Oregon

完形填空 Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using 1 therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work. Millions of Americans 2 awake at night counting sheep or have a stiff drink or 3 an pill, hoping it will make them sleepy. 4 experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain 5 . Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have 6 of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. But 7 the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists 8 together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday. The panel called 9 a broad range of research into insomnia, 10 that if scientists understood its 11 causes, they could develop better treatments. Most, but not all, insomnia is thought to 12 other health problems, from arthritis and depression to cardiovascular disease. The question often is whether the insomnia came first or was a result of the other diseases and how trouble sleeping in 13 complicates those other problems. Other diseases 14 , the risk of insomnia seems to increase with age and to be more 15 among women, especially after their 50s. Smoking, caffeine and numerous 16 drugs also affect sleep. The NIH is spending about $200 million this year on sleep-related research, some 17 to specific disorders and others 18 the underlying scientific laws that control the nervous system of sleep. The agency was 19 the pane's review before deciding what additional work should be 20 at insomnia.

完形填空I find【A1】________ wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time

完形填空Happypeopleworkdifferently.Theyremoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork,too.　　Companieslocatedinplacewithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonRD(researchanddevelopment).Thatsbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentforthefuture.　　Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.citiesaveragehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.　　7enough,firmsinvestmentandRDintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8.Butitisreallyhappinessthatslinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonRD?Tofindout,theresearchescontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvestlikesize,industry,andsales-and-andforindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Theylinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings.　　Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors13tolessconfineddecisionmakingprocessandthepossiblepresenceofyoungerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces.　　17thisdoesntprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.Itsnothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20RDmorethantheaverage,saidoneresearcher.

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完形填空 Our marine life now is being 1 by a gathering minefield of plastic in our oceans, and the images in the following make for 2 viewing. A rainbow runner fish with a(n) 3 kaleidoscope of plastic bits in its liver. A mahi mahi fish with plastic bottle caps in its stomach. Or the mussels and clams, the filters of the sea, that harbour hidden microplastics, 4 to our naked eye. Our first reaction to the above scene is often disgust. 5 this reflex quickly 6 to a more sobering thought: the 7 impact of the eight million metric tons of plastic pollution that enter our ocean every year. Not just 8 of our mounting ecological misdeeds, this 9 also directly 10 to poison us where we are truly vulnerable: our plates. The 11 of such a future impact how we shop for food. Last year, a European shopper survey 12 by the research firm McKinsey Company, 13 a long-known trend: quality food continues to be more important than price. In other words, shoppers 14 care about consuming safe food, and willingly 15 it with their wallets. That is all about to 16 . New technology is now 17 this information gap and 18 the power of knowledge to consumers. By cataloging the long trail of supply chain data on encrypted ledgers, the 19 world of the global food network will be exposed. Shoppers will soon be able to follow the 'story of the fish'—a report card 20 the product's original photo, place of catch, initial weight, species type, vessel and crew details, RFID tag number, catch water details and more.

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完形填空A. daydream B. disagreement C. factually D.if E. inevitable F. inseparable G.lays H.making I. perspective J. resides K. that L. thinking M.thoughtfully N. ultimately O.wake To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referredto as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformationand the decline of

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完形填空 Nonverbal communication is hugely important: in any interaction with others, its importance is multiplied across cultures. This is because we tend to look for nonverbal cues when verbal messages are unclear or ambiguous, as they are more likely to be across cultures. 41 Low-context cultures like the United States and Canada tend to give relatively less emphasis to nonverbal communication. This does not mean that nonverbal communication does not happen, or that it is unimportant, but that people in these settings tend to place less importance on it than on the literal meanings of words themselves. In high-context settings such as Japan or Colombia, understanding the nonverbal components of communication is relatively more important to receiving the intended meaning of the communication as a whole. 42 For instance, it may be more socially acceptable in some settings in the United States for women to show fear, but not anger, and for men to display anger, but not fear. At the same time, interpretation of facial expressions across cultures is difficult. In China and Japan, for example, a facial expression that would be recognized around the world as conveying happiness may actually express anger or mask sadness, both of which are unacceptable to show overtly. 43 For a Westerner who understands smiles to mean friendliness and happiness, this smile may seem out of place and even cold, under the circumstances. Even though some facial expressions may be similar across cultures, their interpretations remain culture specific. It is important to understand something about cultural starting-points and values in order to interpret emotions expressed in cross-cultural interactions. 44 In a comparison of North American and French children on a beach, a researcher noticed that the French children tended to stay in a relatively small space near their parents, while US children ranged up and down a large area of the beach. 45 These examples of differences related to nonverbal communication are only the tip of the iceberg. Careful observation, ongoing study from a variety of sources, and cultivating relationships across cultures will all help develop the cultural fluency to work effectively with nonverbal communication differences. A. These differences of interpretation may lead to conflict. Suppose a Japanese person is explaining her absence from negotiations due to a death in her family. She may do so with a smile, based on her cultural belief that it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief on others. B. Another variable across cultures has to do with ways of relating to space. Crossing cultures, we encounter very different ideas about polite space for conversations and negotiations. North Americans tend to prefer a large amount of space, perhaps because they are surrounded by it in their homes and countryside. Europeans tend to stand more closely with each other when talking, and are accustomed to smaller personal spaces. C. Americans are serious about standing in lines, in accordance with their beliefs in democracy and the principle of 'first come, first served.' The French, on the other hand, have a practice of line jumping, that irritates many British and U S Americans. D. Since nonverbal behavior arises from our cultural common sense, we use different systems of understanding gestures, posture, silence, spatial relations, emotional expression, touch, 'physical appearance, and other nonverbal cues. Cultures also attribute different degrees of importance to verbal and nonverbal behavior. E. The difficulty with space preferences is not that they exist, but the judgments that get attached to them. If someone is accustomed to standing or sitting very close when they are talking with another, they may see the other's attempt to create more space as evidence of coldness, or a lack of interest. F. It is said that a German executive working in the United States became so upset with visitors to his office moving the guest chair to suit themselves that he had it bolted to the floor. G. Some elements of nonverbal communication are consistent across cultures. For example, research has shown that the emotions of enjoyment, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, and surprise are expressed in similar ways by people around the world. Differences surface with respect to which emotions are acceptable to display in various cultural settings, and by whom.

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完形填空My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five day driving journey from California to Washington. We had to 21_______frequently because our little child needed to stretch from the car seat.One of our stops was at a restaurant. Walking towards the front door, we22_______ a gentleman standing at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing 23_______ cloths. We passed right by him and opened the 24_______ door. Then something told me to go back.My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five day driving journey from California to Washington. We had to 21_______frequently because our little child needed to stretch from the car seat.One of our stops was at a restaurant. Walking towards the front door, we22_______ a gentleman standing at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing 23_______ cloths. We passed right by him and opened the 24_______ door. Then something told me to go back.Holding my 25_______ in my arms, I turned around and said to the gentleman, “Sir. Are you 26_______ ?”He said, “Yes.”I then asked, “May we buy you 27_______ to eat?”He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.”My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him to order 28_______ he wanteD、 The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frighteneD、 I spoke 29_______ he had an opportunity to. “This gentleman will have lunch with us today,”I saiD、 “Please add his order to our 30_______ .”The manager said with a frown(皱眉), “Okay.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said loudly and quickly, “Thank You!” We merely nodded and were seateD、 Upon finishing our 31_______ , we were handed our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman had 32_______. One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with some baked potatoes.When we 33_______ the restaurant I looked for the gentleman 34_______ didn’t see him. This very small act just made my day. I hope the small 35_______ can also add some joy to his life, even if only for a few minutes.（）

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完形填空The word brick did not appear in the English language before the 15th century

完形填空 It was the kind of research that gave insight into how flu strains could mutate so quickly. The same branch of research concluded in 2005 that the 1918 flu started in birds before passing to humans. Parsing this animal-human 51 could provide clues to 52 the next potential superflu, which already has a name: H5N1, also known as avian flu or bird flu. This potential killer also has a number: 59%. According to the WHO, nearly three-fifths of the people who 53 H5N1 since 2003 died from the virus, which was first reported 54 humans in Hong Kong in 1997 before a more serious 55 occurred in Southeast Asia between 2003 and 2004. (It has since spread to Africa and Europe.) Some researchers argue that those mortality numbers are exaggerated because WHO only 56 cases in which victims are sick enough to go to the hospitals for treatment. 57 , compare that to the worldwide mortality rate of the 1918 pandemic; it may have killed roughly 50 million people, but that was only 10% of the number of people infected, according to a 2006 estimate. H5N1's saving grace—and the only reason we're not running around masked up in public right now—is that the strain doesn't jump from birds to humans, or from humans to humans, easily. There have been just over 600 cases (and 359 deaths) since 2003. But 58 its lethality, and the chance it could turn into something far more transmissible, one might expect H5N1 research to be exploding, with labs 59 the virus's molecular components to understand how it spreads between animals and 60 to humans, and hoping to discover a vaccine that could head off a pandemic.

完形填空 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 1 , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others 2 to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 3 the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 4 being classified as 'English'. Even in England there are many 5 in regional character and speech. The chief 6 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 7 going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 8 there are local variations. Further north regional speech is usually ' 9 ' than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 10 to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more 11 . They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12 . Northerners generally have hearty 13 : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 14 at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound 16 by the letter 'R' is generally a strong sound, and 'R' is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 18 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently 19 as being more 'fiery' than the English. They are 20 a race that is quite distinct from the English.