完形填空 Perhaps more than any other profession, science places a premium on being correct. Of course, most scientists make plenty of mistakes 1 the way. Yet not all errors are created equal. Historians have 2 a number of instances in which an incorrect idea proved far more 3 than thousands of others that were trivially mistaken or 4 correct. These are the productive mistakes: errors that 5 on deep, fundamental features of the world around us and 6 further research that leads to major 7 . Mistakes they certainly are. But science would be far worse off without them. Niels Bohr, for example, created a 8 of the atom that was wrong in nearly every way, yet it 9 the quantum-mechanical revolution. 10 enormous skepticism, Alfred Wegener argued 11 centrifugal forces make the continents move (or 'drift') along the surface of the earth. He had the right phenomenon, albeit the wrong 12 . And Enrico Fermi thought that he had created nuclei heavier than uranium, rather than (as we now know) having stumbled 13 nuclear fission. Two other instances of productive mistakes, one from physics in the 1970's and one from biology in the 1940's illustrate this 14 dramatically. The authors of the mistakes were not hapless bumblers who 15 , in retrospect, to get lucky. 16 they steadfastly asked questions that 17 of their colleagues broached and 18 ideas that not many at the time had considered. In the process, they 19 the critical groundwork for today's burgeoning fields of biotechnology and quantum information science. They were 20 , and the world should be thankful for their errors.

完形填空_1_ job applications to eliminate discrimination is not easy

完形填空 On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries 1 themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits 2 10 percent of the previous years government 3 ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help 4 macroeconomic policies; and 5 up a common central bank. Their declaration 6 that, 'Member States 7 the need 8 strong political commitment and 9 to 10 all such national policies 11 would facilitate the regional monetary integration process.' The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to 12 broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and 13 institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. 14 independence, 15 , these currency boards were 16 , with the 17 of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to 18 inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional 19 in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be 20 .

完形填空In many ways, the history of women and men in higher education is the history of the education of White men, and 1________ only those of substantial means

完形填空Many people think bats look 【C1】(frighten)

完形填空According to BTs futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life

完形填空A new WHO report on Air pollution and child health is being launched on the eve of WHOs first ever Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health

完形填空Radical feminists, however, remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism

完形填空Money spent on advertising serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices

完形填空 In 1924 American National Research Council sent two engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the 'Hawthorne effect', the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior. The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself. After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretation of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged 'Hawthorne effect' is hard to pin down.

完形填空The destruction of habitats (栖息地) all over the world is the primary reason species are becoming extinct (灭绝) or endangered

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完形填空Perhaps more than anything else, scientists are eager to find out if Martian life existed in the past-or still exists

完形填空Cloze 2 In study after study, four traits are typical of happy people

完形填空 What do you think of American health care system? Most people would be 1 by the high quality of medicine 2 to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 3 to the individual, a 4 amount of advanced technical equipment, and 5 effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 6 in the courts if they 7 things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. To the problem is the way in 8 health care is organized and 9 . 10 to pubic belief it is not just a flee competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not 11 the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, 12 this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 percent of the U.S. Budget—a large number of Americans are left 13 . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 14 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 15 the health system. There is no 16 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is to pay 17 . Two thirds of the population are 18 by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 19 that the insurance company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 percent—about twice as fast as prices 20 general.

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完形填空This is Matt Drudge, millionaire founder and owner of the Drudge Report, the first and most successful online newspaper

完形填空In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 【A1】_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can【A2】_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to【A3】_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 【A4】_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.【A5】_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 【A6】_____ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 【A7】_____ 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 【A8】_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 【A9】_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and【A10】_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 【A11】_____. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may【A12】_____ with them up to a year, 【A13】_____ they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to【A14】_____, but not common. Divorced persons are【A15】_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains【A16】_____ property he or she【A17】_____ into the marriage, and jointly- acquired property is【A18】_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice【A19】_____ up. The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry【A20】 _____ the woman must wait ten months.

完形填空 MySpace and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, 1 at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social 2 play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave. The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The 3 reported last summer that obesity appeared to 4 from one person to another 5 social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced 6 findings about another major health 7 : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a person's decision to 8 the habit is strongly affected by 9 other people in their social network quit—even people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually 10 . For 11 of their studies, they 12 of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass., many of the participants were 13 somehow-through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workers—enabling the researchers to study a network that 14 12,067 people. Taken together, these studies are 15 a growing recognition that many behaviors are 16 by social networks in 17 that have not been fully understood. And 18 may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many 19 , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even 20 crime.

完形填空A market is commonly thought of as a place where commodities are bought and sold. Thus fruit and vegetables are sold wholesale at Covent Garden Market and meat is sold wholesale at Smithfield Market. But there are markets for things other than commodities, in the usual sense. There are【A1】______ estate markets, foreign exchange markets, and so on; there may be a market for anything which has a price. And there may be no particular place to which dealings are confined. Buyers and sellers may be【A2】______ over the whole world and instead of actually meeting together in a market-place and they may deal with one another by telephone, telegram, cable or letter.【A3】______ dealings are restricted to a particular place, the dealers may consist wholly or in part of agents【A4】______ instructions from clients far away. Thus agents buy meat at Smithfield on behalf of retail butchers all over England; and【A5】______ on the London Stock Exchange buy and sell safeties on instructions from clients all over the world. We must therefore【A6】______ a market as any area over which buyers and sellers are in such close touch with one another, either directly or through【A7】______ , that the prices obtainable in one part of the market affect the prices paid in other parts.Modern【A8】______ of communication are so rapid that a buyer can discover what price a seller is asking, and can accept it if he wishes, although he may be thousands of miles away. Thus the market for anything is,【A9】______ , the whole world. But in fact things have, normally, only a local or national market.This may be because nearly the whole demand is concentrated in one locality. These special local demands,【A10】______ , are of quite minor importance. The main reason why many things have not a world market is that they are costly or difficult to transport