填空题He ______ the economic and social conditions of the period，trying to find the real causes of the French Revolution． 他探究了当时的经济社会状况，试图找出法国大革命的真正起因。

填空题Our life is part of the life of the Earth, and we draw our______from it just as the plants and animals do.(nourish)

填空题P______Act refers, to the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances of utterance.

填空题Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i. e. the class name, is called ______, and the lower terms, the members, Hyponyms.

填空题There are many differences .between communicating in written and spoken words—one to one or one to many. Because speaking is face to face and personal, it is much more direct than writing.. Hand and body gestures, facial expressions, and vocal variety help greatly to support face-to-face communication. It is also reinforced by instant feedback from listeners in the form of smiles, frowns, applause, catcalls, clenched fists, and so on. An alert speaker who is sensitive to feedback can "shift gears" and adapt to changing circumstances. 41. The differences between talking and writing Writing, however, depends solely on words and punctuation to deliver the message. There are no gestures and no voice, and if there is any feedback, it takes time to reach the writer.42. Why long sentences can be used in writing? Effective talking is aimed at people's minds and hearts through their ears, and ears prefer short, direct, conversational sentences. There are three standards that apply equally to talking and writing—clarity, accuracy, and appropriateness.43. Clarity. If the audience doesn't understand the message instantly, then the speaker has, to some extent, failed. Thus, every possible measure must be taken to ensure that all your words and thoughts are perfectly clear to the audience.44. Accuracy. As a conscientious speaker, you must see to it that your information is as current and as accurate as research can make it.45. Appropriateness. In addition to being precise, your language should also be suitable to the subject, audience, and occasion.[A] For instance, a speaker can vary his/her pitch or tone to change the meaning expressed. A writer, on the other hand, has to rely solely on the words and context or even explanations in braces to achieve that.[B] Good talking is wordy, repetitive, and far less structured than efficient writing. A good speech, reproduced word for word on paper, usually does not read well because it rambles and repeats words and thoughts. It is not nearly as disciplined and organized as good writing.[C] Throughout your talk, words are your prime means for helping your audience understand your message. And to harness the profound power of words, you should develop a lifelong habit of using a dictionary and a thesaurus. If you do not exploit these resources, you will fail to achieve your full potential as a speaker and conversationalist. Another device that will help you achieve clarity in your talk is a summary. If your talk consists of three willresearched major points, lit those points in your introduction so your audience will know at once what ground you will cover. Discuss them in depth, summarize them at the end of your talk, and emphasize any conclusions hat they lead to.[D] For example, a speaker who's addressing a Parent-Teacher Association should avoid the statistical and psychological jargon of advanced educational researchers. By the same token, she should not indulge in teenage slang. Any speaker worth her salt will analyze her audience first and adapt her language accordingly.[E] The surest way for you to damage your credibility is to spew forth misinformation or outdated information. How many times have you seen a story, a name, an important fact, or a charge against someone retracted in newspapers? Unfortunately, the damage was done when the misinformation first appeared in print. Such unwarranted embarrassment and mental anguish could have been avoided ff someone had taken the time to recheck the information. If your talk is on a current or crucial topic, do your homework and arm yourself with quotations and sources to fortify your facts.[F] Long, involved sentences are acceptable in writing for two reasons: (1) The eye can absorb many more words in an instant than the ear can hear. (2) If a reader stumbles on a marathon sentence, she can read it again. Not so with spoken words— once uttered they're gone, especially in speech. If a listener misses a sentence, both she and the speaker have lost part of the message; there is no going back, except perhaps during the question-and-answer period. In a conversation, of course, the listener can ask the speaker to repeat.

填空题A. contact with youB. I willC. PleaseD. miss youE. look forward toF. in touchG. I won’tH. Don’t forget Adriana: I heard you’re moving to New York. Ryan: Yes. I've got an offer in upstate New York. Adriana: Oh, that’s great! But I’m going to (56) . Ryan: Me too. Let’s keep (57) . Adriana: Yeah. (58) to drop me a line when you settle down. Ryan: Trust me. (59) . I’ll keep you posted. Adriana: You have my address? Ryan: Well, I have your email address. Adriana: All right! I (60) hearing from you soon. Good luck!

填空题我们熟悉的握手方式多种多样：有掌心出汗的人；有紧张得把你的手捏得生疼的人；A型气质的人总是乐呵呵地同别人握手，然后急忙停下来，又再继续握。这种多样性使我们能“感觉到”对方是个什么样的人。而我们寻求的常常是真诚。握手还可以传达敬意。对商界女性来说，握手是有影响力的。20年前，如果一个女人主动去和男人握手，通常会被认为是爱出风头。现在女人握手已经是司空见惯了，许多人反而认为旧式的“社交接吻”即使不是傲慢无理也是有背于职场惯例。

填空题{{B}}Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}} A. What time B. May I have your name C. It seems like you D. I’m glad E. How about F. May I help you G. Thanks for calling H. Would you like to Ron makes a phone call to the restaurant to reserve a table for him and his friends for dinner. Hostess: Pompas.{{U}} (56) {{/U}}? Ron: Yes. I’d like to reserve a table for dinner. Hostess: How large a group are you expecting? Ron: Six couples. Hostess:{{U}} (57) {{/U}}reserve a private dinning room? Ron: That sounds like a good idea. Hostess: All right.{{U}} (58) {{/U}}, sir? Ron: My name is Ron Kollitz. K-O-L-L-I-T-Z. Hostess:{{U}} (59) {{/U}}will you be arriving? Ron: Around 7:30 pm. Hostess: All right, Mr. Kollitz. We have reserved a private dinning room for you at 7:30 pm.{{U}} (60) {{/U}}Pompas. Ron: Thank you very much.

填空题A. I really want to see your new car B. to pay cash for this car C. Have you and the seller agreed upon a price D. to buy this car E. Does your father buy the car for you F. You might want to have a mechanic G. That would make it a lot easier fur me H. I won't wait to buy it Brown: I think that car drove really well and is a good deal. William: It seems to be a good choice for you. (56) take a look at it just to be sure. Brown：My friend 1S a mechanic and he came and looked at it for me this morning． William：That was smart of you to think ahead． (57) ? Brown：Yes，he is willing to accept the price that I offered him． William：Have you thought about how to pay for your car? Brown：I saved up enough money (58) ． William：You’ve really thought this through．Let me go with you to make the payment and drive your car home for you． Brown： (59) ． William：Let’s go take care of that right now． (60) !

填空题{{U}}在20 世纪初{{/U}}, there were four powerful means of transmitting and receiving information.

填空题离圣诞节只有一个星期了, the housewives are all busy shopping.

填空题就我所知, we are going to work on the farm next Wednesday.

填空题Translate the passage into Chinese．(北京大学2007研，考试科目：专业能力)A strong common sense, which it is not easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for a thousand years: a rude strength newly applied to thought, as of sailors and soldiers who had lately learned to read. They have no fancy, and never are surprised into a covert or witty word, such as pleased the Athenians and Italians, and was convertible into a fable not long after: but they delight in strong earthy expression, not mistakable, coarsely true to the human body, and, though spoken among princes, equally fit and welcome to the mob. This homeliness, veracity, and plain style, appear in the earliest extant works, and in the latest. It imports into songs and ballads the smell of the earth, the breath of cattle, and, like a Dutch painter, seeks a household charm, though by pails and pans. They ask their constitutional utility in verse. The kail and herrings are never out of sight. The poet nimbly recovers himself from every sally of the imagination. The English muse loves the farmyard, the lane, and market. She says, with De Stael, " I tramp in the mire with wooden shoes, whenever they would force me into the clouds. "For, the Englishman has accurate perceptions : takes hold of things by the right end, and there is no slipperiness in his grasp. He loves the axe, the spade, the oar, the gun, the steam pipe:he has built the engine he uses. He is materialist, economical, mercantile. He must be treated with sincerity and reality, with muffins, and not the promise of muffins: and prefers his hot chop, with perfect security and convenience in the eating of it, to the chances of the amplest and Frenchiest bill of fare, engraved on embossed paper. When he is intellectual, and a poet or a philosopher, he carries the same hard truth and the same keen machinery into the mental sphere. His mind must stand on a fact. He will not be baffled, or catch at clouds, but the mind must have a symbol palpable and resisting. What he relishes in Dante, is the vice-like tenacity with which he holds a mental image before the eyes, as if it were a scutcheon painted on a shield. Byron"liked something craggy to break his mind upon. "A taste for plain strong speech, what is called a biblical style, marks the English. It is in Alfred, and the Saxon Chronicle, and in the Sagas of the Northmen. Latimer was homely. Hobbes was perfect in the "noble vulgar speech. " Donne, Bunyan, Milton, Taylor, Evelyn, Pepys, Hooker, Cotton, and the translators, wrote it. How realistic or materialistic in treatment of his subject, is Swift. He describes his fictitious persons, as if for the police. Defoe has no insecurity or choice. Hudibras has the same hard mentality, keeping the truth at once to the senses, and to the intellect.It is not less seen in poetry. Chaucer"s hard painting of his Canterbury pilgrims satisfies the senses. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Milton, in their loftiest ascents, have this national grip and exactitude of mind. This mental materialism makes the value of English transcendental genius: in these writers, and in Herbert, Henry More, Donne, and Sir Thomas Browne. The Saxon materialism and narrowness, exalted into the sphere of intellect, makes the very genius of Shakespeare and Milton. When it reaches the pure element, it treads the clouds as securely as the adamant. Even in its elevations, materialistic, its poetry is common sense inspired: or iron raised to white heat.

填空题New problems ______ when old ones are solved． 旧问题解决了，新问题又会出现。

填空题[A]TheriseofatycoonwhoisfondofAmericaandSouthAfrica,andwhoprintsEnglishslogansonhisbottlesofmilkandmineralwater,isasnubtoMr.Ratsiraka.Thepresident,whohasdominatedpoliticssince1975—withafewyears'absenceinthemid-1990s—steersclosetoFrance,theformercolonialpower.Hehasbeenunwell,andspendsmuchofhistimehavingmedicaltreatmentinParis.Hisgovernment,predictably,isaccusedofwidespreadcorruption.Butheoffersstability—anddeclaresthat"anyotherpresident"wouldusherinyearsofuncertainty.[B]Mr.Ratsirakamightindeedfeelaggrievedffhedidlosepowerjustastheeconomyiscomingright.Afteratwo-decadespellasasocialist,thenafewyearsofexile,hebouncedbackintothepresidencyin1996toimposeaustereneo-liberalreforms.Thesearenowpayingoff.Manypeoplearestilldesperatelybadlyoff,livinginvillageswithoutroads,electricityordoctors.But,accordingtoanoptimisticIMFreportonDecember13th,theeconomymaymmouttohaveenjoyed6.7%growththisyearandinflationislow.[C]Inahighturnout,hetooknearly80%ofthevotesinthecapital,andwelloverhalfinothercities.Resultsfromthelesssusceptiblecountrysideareslowlycomingin.Theynarrowthegap,buthestillseemstohaveachanceofeitherbeatingtheincumbent,DidierRatsiraka,outrghtorfacinghiminarun-offnextyear.[D]Aswellingflowoftouristscomestotheislandtoseeitsrainforests,lemursandtropicalbeaches.SalesoftextilestoAmericaaredoingwell,thankstotariffreductionsthere.And.inthepastfewyears.Asianinvestorshaveopeneddozensoffactoriesinspecialexportzonesaroundthecapital.Mr.Ratsirakahasmanagedtonegotiatedebtreliefthatalmosthalvestheamountthecountryspendsonservicingitsdebts.Risthusabletospendabitmoreonschoolsandhospitals.Incomesinthecitiesareclearlyup.Agoodriceharvestthisyear.andtheabsenceofcyclones,haseasedhangerinthecountryside.[E]Asmayor,Mr.Ravalomananawonmanycitizens'heartsbycleaningupthecapital,andseeingtonewroadsandstreetlighting.Heoversawabuildingboom.theriseofadozen'flashynewsupermarkets,morepolicemenonthestreetsandacutincrime.Heis.knowninthecountryatlarge,too.thankstohisTikofoodempire,whichdeliversyoghurtandothergoodthingstoMadagascar'semergingmiddleclass.HisfaceiseverywhereonT-shirts.baseballcapsandbagsallpartsofaslickcampaignthatwashelpedalongbyhisownradioandtelevisionstations.HisChristianfervour,andhisjobonacouncilofProtestantchurches,havealsohelpedhim,especiallyamongtheruralpoor.[F]AllthisisraregoodnewsforAfrica.Mightitberiskediftherewereachangeofpresident?Somepointtopossibleethnictension:Mr.RavalomananaisfromthehighlandImerinapeople,whohaveamixofAsian-settlerandAfricanblood,whohaveneverbeforeheldpoliticalofficeovertheblackercoastalcommunities.Othersworrythathewillhavelittlesupportinparliament,andthathisbusinesscareerhasnotpreparedhimforpoliticalcompromises.Abiggerconcern,perhaps,isthathemightnotseriouslyundertaketospreadthegoodtimesenjoyedinthecapitalintotheimpoverishedcountryside.[G]ExcitementisintheairinMadagascar,avastislandof15mpeopleofftheeastcoastofAfrica.OnDecember16th,itsvoterstrudgedtothe.pollsfromtheirhomesinhighlandtownsandremoteforestvillagestopickapresident.ManyfavouredMareRavalomanana,atycoonwhoisalsothehandsomeyoungmayorofthecapitalAntananarivo.Order:

填空题We are committed to taking all steps within our power to eliminate unlawful discrimination, and promote good w______ between different racial groups.

填空题The poem______ by Samuel Taylor Coleridge literally relates how a king commands a palace to be built, but thematically suggests that a great poet has to touch hell and the unconscious in order to see into the essence of things and compose great poetry.

填空题He is being constantly monitored with regular checks on his b______ pressure to assess the risk of heart disease or strokes.