填空题How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. 11 You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where. The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. 12 Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "tree" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. 13 Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. 14 This doesn"t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values. How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. 15 Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn"t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worth-while than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment. A. Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room. B. Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others. C. If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them. D. In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended. E. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible. F. In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author"s own thoughts. G. Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text"s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of back-ground, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.

填空题Translation from Chinese to English．(河海大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语) “天助自助者”，一条老生常谈的座右铭，体现了浩瀚人生经验的一孔之见。个人得以真正发展的全部真谛均植根于自助精神；这种精神在人世百态中展现，构成民族生机与力量的真正源泉。外来的帮助时常事倍功半，而内在的帮助却总给人以活力。无论帮助人民或社会阶层做了什么，在某种程度上都减弱了他们凡事需自立的动力与必要性。如对一方人民引导太多，管辖过头，必然的趋势是置他们于一个相对而言不可救药的境地。

填空题 Sony has been working _________ a new Walkman which allows you to watch films as you go around.

填空题Don't forget to ______ the modem when you have finished using it. (connect)

填空题 Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Statistics show that rapid population growth creates problems for developing countries. So why don’t people have (1)（ ） children? Statistics (2)（ ） the developed countries suggest that (3)（ ） only when people’s living standards begin to rise that birth rates begin to (4)（ ）. There are good reasons for (5)（ ）. Poor countries cannot (6)（ ） social services and old age pensions (养老金), and people’s incomes are so (7)（ ） that they have nothing to spare for savings. (8)（ ）, people look to their children to provide them (9)（ ） security (安全) in their old age. (10)（ ） a large family can be a (11)（ ） of insurance. And (12)（ ） while they are still quite young, children can do (13)（ ） useful jobs (14)（ ） a small farm. So poor people in the developing country will need (15)（ ） clear signs of much better conditions ahead (16)（ ） they will think of having smaller families. But their conditions cannot be improved (17)（ ） there is a reduction in the rate at (18)（ ） population is increasing. This will (19)（ ） on a very much wider acceptance of family planning and this, (20)（ ）, will mean basic changes in attitudes. 1.A、lessB、moreC、a fewD、fewer 2.A、fromB、ofC、onD、off 3.A、/B、it isC、now thatD、though 4.A、raiseB、fallC、riseD、reduce 5.A、thisB、itC、themD、these 6.A、supplyB、applyC、affordD、affect 7.A、largeB、lessC、highD、low 8.A、MoreoverB、YetC、As a resultD、In addition to 9.A、withB、forC、toD、by 10.A、SupportingB、HavingC、MaintainingD、Moving 11.A、shapeB、formalityC、formD、sign 12.A、everB、neverC、ifD、even 13.A、a good deal ofB、very muchC、a lot ofD、all 14.A、onB、inC、overD、with 15.A、seeB、seeingC、to seeD、have seen 16.A、afterB、untilC、tillD、before 17.A、whenB、unlessC、forD、after 18.A、whichB、thatC、whatD、if 19.A、spendB、dependC、defendD、look 20.A、insteadB、thereforeC、in turnD、in contrast

填空题严复先生基于《易经》和孔子的言论于1898年提出了“——”的翻译思想。

填空题Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practicing their language skills and learning more about new cultures. With the Internet, finding friends has become much easier. Here are some tips on finding on the Internet: ◇ Search the Internet for reputable(声誉好的)services. Look for reviews of such sites to learn more about others student'experiences. Don't join a service until you have done research. ◇ Check to see if you can use a nickname, instead of your real name, to protect your number and birthday. ◇ Stop contact with others if you feel uncomfortable with the topics of the conversation. ◇ Try to use the language you are studying when communicating with others. Asking appropriate questions will also help you learn about other cultures. Remember: To understand a whole culture, you have to talk to many people.

填空题He had an engaging smile, quite ______, which transformed his otherwise serious face. (boy)

填空题As soon as he finished, his supporters applauded______, but most of the masses were taken aback and exchanged doubtful glances.(vigor)

填空题He is going to catch the 5:30 train. He ______ (must, will have to) leave early tomorrow.

填空题There was so much noise outside that the teacher raised his voice to make himself hear . A. so much B. that C. raised D. hear

填空题uniform unique unite unify unity unanimous unicycle union

填空题She went through a period of tough training before she earned the j______ to make a living.

填空题It is characteristic of Halliday's theory that more attention is paid to paradigmatic relations than to syntagmatic relations, which is the main concern of Chomsky.

填空题George: Did you hear that Jane and John are gong to get married? Mary: ______.

填空题The world output of crude oil that year was ______ than the previous year． 那年的全世界原油产量比前一年高了25/%。