填空题So you've been with your company for a while and have been exceeding all of your manager's expectations. You work hard, are a great team player, come up with new ideas to take the business further and are an all-around joy in the workplace. If you haven't been promoted or been bumped up in salary automatically, it might be time to take the bull by the horns and approach this topic yourself. While asking for a raise makes many people uncomfortable and nervous, the situation can be a breeze if handled correctly. The following are a few steps to follow to make sure your request does not fall on deaf ears:41. Do your research. Like any other element of your career, it all starts with research. In order to present your manager with a compelling case in your favor, you need to know what the going rate is for someone with your experience and in your position.42. Outline a case for yourself. When going into any kind of negotiation session, you need to be equipped with the right amount of ammunition. Before you walk into your meeting, look back at your time with the company and highlight your aceomplishments. Come up with a list of specific examples of ways you have been a valuable asset to the business. Find facts and figures that demonstrate what you have excelled, using numbers whenever possible. If you really want to knock their socks off, put your accomplishments into a formal presentation, albeit brief, that outlines each of your goals and how you have achieved them. This will demonstrate that you are professional, willing to go the extra mile, and have thought about your request thoroughly.43. Know what's going on in your neighborhood. There are good times and bad times to ask for a raise at any company. Schedule ample time to present your case, and make sure your timing is right. Asking for a raise on the fly after just walking into your manager's office to chat will not benefit you or impress your boss. Make sure you have time to present your case, and that your manager has time to think about your presentation. Request a meeting with your supervisor, at least a half-hour long. Think about your timing when you schedule the meeting, too. If your department has a bevy of deadlines to meet at the end of each month, don't schedule your meeting on the 29th. Pick a time when your manager will be sure to be in a good mood and not overly stressed.44. Avoid threats or demands. The last thing you want to do is to put your supervisor on the defensive. Be professional and, if your job is worth keeping, willing to listen to the other side. Keep the meeting positive and your outcome will be more positive.45. Remember that not all perks are monetary. Don't fall into the trap of thinking you are not valued if you do not get exactly what you had expected.[A] If you approach your manager for a raise in a time of downsizing and cost-cutting, you will not only be denied, but will also show that you are not in tune with the company's needs. Make sure you understand your company's overall financial situation.[B] For example, if you developed a marketing plan that helped increase sales, make sure you have those sales figures on hand, as well as your role in the plan and its execution. Be sure to tie your own success into the overall success of the company.[C] If your company is strapped financially but you and your manager still come to the conclusion that it is time for you to be rewarded for your performance, you might be able to negotiate for stock options, more vacation time or other non-monetary benefits.[D] When you come up with your desired raise in your base salary, go over 2%. If you want 8% then ask for 10%.[E] You can find out what others in your industry and in comparable positions are raking in by looking at online resources, through the Bureau of Labor Statistics, or in books like "The American Almanac of Jobs and Salaries" by John W. Wright (Quill).[F] Going into a meeting with the "if I don't get it, I'm leaving" attitude will only tell your company you are uncompromising and only out for number one.

填空题 Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. It’s an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that __71__ evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, __72__ are throwing the books at kids. __73__ elementary school students are complaining of homework __74__. What’s a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as __75__ may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you’ve got to get them to do it, __76__ helping too much, or even examining __77__ too carefully, you may keep them __78__ doing it by themselves. “I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every __79__ assignment,” says psychologist John Rosemond, author Of Ending the Tough Homework. “There’s a __80__ of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children __81__ the grade they deserve.” Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their __82__. But “you don’t want them to feel it has to be __83__,” she says. That’s not to say parents should __84__ homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids __85__. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in __86__ four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be “__87__ mom than an hour and a half,” and two for high-school students. If your child __88__ has mom homework than this, you may want to check __89__ other parents and then talk to the teacher about __90__ assignment 71. A) very B) exact C) right D) usual（A） 72. A) officials B) parents C) experts D) schools（B） 73. A) Also B) Even C) Then D) However（B） 74. A) fatigue B) confusion C) duty D) puzzle（A） 75. A) there B) we C) they D) it（D） 76. A) via B) under C) by D) for（C） 77. A) questions B) answers C) standards D) rules（B） 78. A) off B) without C) beyond D) from（D） 79. A) single B) piece C) page D) other（A） 80. A) drop B) short C) cut D) lack（D） 81. A) acquire B) earn C) gather D) reach（B） 82. A) exercises B) defects C) mistakes D) tests（C） 83. A) perfect B) better C) unusual D) complete（A） 84. A) forget B) refuse C) miss D) ignore（D） 85. A) have B) prepare C) make D) perform（A） 86. A) classes B) groups C) grades D) terms（C） 87. A) about B) no C) much D) few（B） 88. A) previously B) rarely C) merely D) consistently（D） 89. A) with B) in C) out D) up（A） 90. A) finishing B) lowering C) reducing D) declining（C）

填空题A speech______is a group of people who share the same language or a particular variety of language.

填空题[A] Is that what the American viewing public is getting.'? Perhaps 10% of prime-time network programming is a happy combination of entertainment and enrichment. There used to be television-movies rich in human values,, but they have now become an endangered species. I find television too much concerned with what people have and too little concerned with who they are, very concerned with taking care of No. 1 and not at all concerned with sharing themselves with other people. All too often it tells us the half truth we wan! to hear rather than the whole truth we need to hear.[B] Why is television not more fully realizing its humanizing potential? Is the creative community at fault? Partially. But not primarily. I have lived and worked in that community for 32 years, as both priest and producer. As a group, these people have values. In fact, in Hollywood in recent months, audience enrichment has become their thing. A coalition of media companies has endowed the Humanists Prize so that it can recognize and celebrate those who accomplish it.[C] Every good story will not only captivate its viewers but also give them some insight into what it means to be a human being. By so doing, it can help them grow into the deeply centered, sovereignty free, joyously loving human being God made them to be. Meaning, freedom and love are the supreme human values. And this is the kind of human enrichment the American viewing public has a right to expect from those who make its entertainment.[D] The problem with American TV is not the lack of storytellers of conscience but the commercial system within which they have to operate. Television in the U.S. is a business. [n the past, the business side has been balanced by a commitment to public', service. But in recent years the fragmentation of the mass audience, huge interest payments and skyrocketing production costs have combined with the FCC's abdication of its responsibility to protect the common good to produce an ahnost total preoccupation with the bottom line. The networks are struggling to survive. And that, the statistics seem to indicate, is mindless, heartless, escapist fare. If we are dissatisfied with the moral content of what we are invited to watch, I think we should begin by examining our own consciences. When we tune in, are we ready to plunge into reality, so as to extract its meaning, or are we hoping to escape into a sedated world of illusion? And if church leaders want to elevate the quality of the country's entertainment, they should forget about boycotts, production codes and censorship. They should work at educating their people in media literacy and at mobilizing them to support quality shows in huge numbers.[E] It is not a question of entertainment or enrichment. These are complementary concerns and presuppose each other. The story that entertains without enriching is superficial and escapist. The story that enriches without entertaining is simply dull. The story that does both is a delight.[F] That is the only sure way to improve the moral content of America's entertainment.[G] Despite questions of the motivation behind them, the attacks by the President and the Vice President on the moral content of television entertainment have found an echo in the chambers of the American soul. Many who reject the messengers still accept the message. They do not like the moral tone of American TV. In our society only the human family surpasses television in its capacity to communicate values, provide role models, form consciences and motivate human behavior. Few educators, church leaders or politicians possess the moral influence of those who create the nation's entertainment. Order:[G]______→41.______→42.______→43. ______→44. ______→45.______→

填空题Gothic Romances enjoyed much popularity in(17)in the last decades of the(18)century. They are novels of terror which employ(19)background. They are so named because "Gothic"(20)is usually the setting for the elements of horror in them.

填空题The Prague School practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of______.

填空题I hate my job, but I have to keep body and soul together somehow.

填空题As Carter and Simpson (1989) observed that " if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade of______stylistics". (中山大学2011年研)

填空题[A] Extensive applications of haptic technology.[B] Possibilities rendered by haptic mechanisms.[C] The feasibility of extending our senses and exploring abstract universes.[D] An example of the progress in science of haptics.[E] Bringing the potential of our senses into full play.[F] Will haptics step into a bright future? "OOOF!" Using your mouse, you heave a data file across the screen--a couple of gigabytes of data weigh a lot. Its rough surface tells you that it is a graphics file. Having tipped this huge pile of data into a hopper that sends it to the right program, you examine a screen image of the forest trail you'll be hiking on your Vacation. Then, using a gloved hand, you master its details by running your fingers over its forks and bends, its sharp rises and falls. Later you send an E-mail to your beloved, bending to the deskpad to attach a kiss. 41．______________ The science of haptics (from the Greek haptesthai, "to touch") is making these fantasies real. A few primitive devices are extending human-machine communication beyond vision and sound. Haptic joysticks and steering wheels for computer games are already giving happy players some of the sensations of piloting a spaceship, driving a racing car or firing weapons. In time, haptic interfaces may allow us to manipulate single molecules, feel clouds and galaxies, even reach into higher dimensions to grasp the subtle structures of mathematics. 42．______________ Most of our senses are passive. In hearing and vision, for example, the sound or light is simply received and analyzed. But touch is different: we actively explore and alter reality with our hands, so the same action that gathers information can also change the world--to model a piece of clay or press a button, for example. In providing direct contact between people, touch carries emotional impact. And in providing direct contact with the world, it is the sure sign of reality, as in "pinch me--am I dreaming?" 43．______________ Some small steps have even been taken towards whole-body haptics. Touch Technology of Nova Scotia, Canada, has built a haptic chair. It looks like a full length lounge chair in a family den, but its surface is studded with 72 "tactors" -pneumatic piston rods, covered with rounded buttons, that can extend about an inch, and can be driven under computer control in any desired sequence and pattern. It could be programmed to imitate a real massage or to function in time to music. According to the manufacturer, that provides a powerful blending of sen-sations--a long term goal of virtual reality. 44．______________ Even at its present crude level, however, haptics can make tangible what once could not be touched or even pictured. To investigate the world of the very small, researchers at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, have developed the nanoManipulator. This adds touch to the technique of scanning probe microscopy, which can image a single atom by monitoring either the electrical current flowing between an extremely fine probe and a surface or the force between them. With the nanoManipulator, researchers can see and manipulate a universe a million times smaller than their own, to study viruses and tiny semiconducting devices. If the force feedback can be made sensitive enough, it may be possible to push molecular keys into specific molecular locks, to custom-design drugs or assemble silicon parts into intricate nanomachines. With other interfaces, there is no reason we shouldn't also be able to touch the very large-clouds, ocean currents, mantle flows, mountains, galaxy clusters. Or the very strong--with a suitable force scaling, new ceramics or alloys could be squeezed and twanged to test their engineering properties. Or the physically extreme and inaccessible--such as ultra hot plasma flows in fusion machines. 45．______________ Haptic technology could even make abstract ideas tangible. Many scientific concepts occupy spaces of more than three dimensions: string theory, for example, asserts that we live in a 10 or 11-dimensional Universe. As it is impossible to visualise such a space, we explore these ideas through mathematical expressions or two dimensional sketches on paper, But probing these unfamiliar geometries with touch may be more effective. And for blind people, haptics offers a new way to grasp information even in three dimensions. A group at the University of Delaware has developed an environment where a person can feel a mathematical function. Using a PHAN-TOM, the user "walks" along the surface of the figure. Like a hiker following mountainous terrain, the user feels where the function is steep, where it is level, and where its peaks and valleys lie. Other haptic systems could help blind people to browse the Internet, feeling images as well as words. The future of haptics is bright, but the only sensual relationship it will be sustaining any time soon is between you and your computer.

填空题It is in his spare time when Robert teaches himself English and Japanese. A. It is B. in C. when D. himself

填空题If I knew him last year, I would have made good friends with him.

填空题Five miles ______ (seem)to be a long way to an old lady of her age．

填空题The man is famous for a good singer .

填空题Rabies is an ordinarily infectious disease of the central nervous system. It is caused by a virus and, (51) a rule, spread chiefly by domestic dogs and (52) flesh-eating animals. Man and all warm-blooded animals are susceptible (53) rabies. The people of (54) Egypt, Greece and Rome ascribed rabies to evil spirits (55) ordinarily gentle and friendly animals suddenly became vivacious and violent (56) evident cause and, (57) a period of maniacal behavior became paralyzed and died. Experiments (58) out in Europe in the early nineteenth century of injecting saliva from a rabid dog (59) a normal dog proved that the disease was infectious. Preventive steps, (60) as the destruction of stray dogs, were taken and (61) 1862 the disease was permanently eliminated in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Though urban center on the continent of Europe were cleared several times during the nineteenth century, (62) soon became re-infected since rabies was uncontrolled among wild animals. Anti-rabies vaccine is widely used nowadays in two ways. Dogs may be given three- year protection (63) the disease by one powerful injection, (64) persons who have been (65) by rabid animals are given a course of daily injections over a week (66) ten days. The mortality rate from all (67) of bites from rabid animals has dropped from 9% to 0.5%. In rare (68) , the vaccine will not prevent rabies in human (69) because the virus produces the disease before the person's body has (70) to build up enough resistance. Because of this, immediate vaccination is essential for anyone bitten by an animal observed acting strangely and the animal should be captured circumspectly, and examined professionally or destroyed.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} For each numbered bracket in the following passage, fill in a suitable word in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET. Old people are always saying that the young people are not{{U}} (51) {{/U}}they were. The same comment is{{U}} (52) {{/U}}from generation to generation and it is always{{U}} (53) {{/U}}. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy{{U}} (54) {{/U}}freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so{{U}} (55) {{/U}}on their parents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are{{U}} (56) {{/U}}more than past history, This is as it should be. Every new generation is{{U}} (57) {{/U}}from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple{{U}} (58) {{/U}}that they have been{{U}} (59) {{/U}}a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the{{U}} (60) {{/U}}are doing. They are questioning the{{U}} (61) {{/U}}of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to{{U}} (62) {{/U}}that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than{{U}} (63) {{/U}}is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and{{U}} (64) {{/U}}? And what{{U}} (65) {{/U}}the clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should{{U}} (66) {{/U}}drab grey suits? If we turn our{{U}} (67) {{/U}}to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used{{U}} (68) {{/U}}to solve their problems? Why are they are so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more{{U}} (69) {{/U}}possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven't the old lost{{U}} (70) {{/U}}with all that is important in life?

填空题The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert"s appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today"s live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener"s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert"s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra"s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America"s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. A. doubtful. 1 Gilbert"s appointment has B. are easily accessible to the general public. 2 Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is C. received acclaim. 3 The author believes that the devoted concertgoers D. are often inferior to live concerts in quality. 4 Recordings E. modest. 5 Regarding Gilbert"s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels F. ignore the expenses of live performances. G. overestimate the value of live performances.

填空题Its desired that this rule ______ (obey)by everyone working here．

填空题A. The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to Medicare, Social Security, environmental protection and other government programs. Repealing the levy "would enrich the heirs of America"s millionaires and billionaires, while hurting families who struggle to make ends meet," the petition says. B. About 120 wealthy Americans had signed or supported a petition to oppose phasing out the tax. President Bush has included the repeal of the tax in his $1.6 trillion tax-cut proposal. Normally when "dozens" of Americans join in a political cause, it is not particularly noteworthy, but in this case the dozens include: George Soros, a billionaire financier; Warren Buffett, an investor listed as America"s fourth-richest person; the philanthropist David Rockefeller Jr.; and William Gates St., a Seattle lawyer and father of America"s richest man, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates. C. Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax-repeal. They also discuss something that"s equally emotional and far more complex: the principle of meritocracy. The idea that everyone in America has an equal chance, that our fates are not determined by accidents of birth, is one of our core values. And nowhere is this principle more reverend than in the technology economy; entrepreneurship is almost by definition an expression of meritocracy. D. Buffett told the New York Times that repealing the estate tax would be a "terrible mistake" and the equivalent of "choosing the 2020 Olympic team by picking the eldest sons of the gold medal winners in the 2000 Olympics." E. An old brokerage commercial says: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He earned it." There was a perfect parody of the ad in which the line read: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He inherited it." In 20 or 50 or 100 years, which of these lines will be right? Buffett and Soros and friends, to their credit, want to help make the first one real. Let"s hope this is only one step in that process. F. It was refreshing to see Buffett and George Soros and a number of other extremely wealthy luminaries stand up in opposition to President Bush"s proposed repeal of the estate tax. While the policy has some emotional attractions—it would protect the inheritors of some small businesses from having to sell the companies to pay taxes, and it is true that most people have been taxed on their savings once already—in practice the tax repeal would mainly be a windfall for a very small number of very, very rich people. G. President Bush will make his case for his $1.6 trillion tax cut plan, delivering a speech at a community center in St. Louis. The proposal would slash federal tax rates across all levels of income, eliminate the so-called marriage penalty and phase out estate taxes. Democrats complain that the plan—which would cut the top rate from 39 to 33 percent—would disproportionately benefit the wealthy and unnecessarily squander expected budget surpluses. Some of the richest Americans are urging Congress not to repeal the estate tax, the New York Times reported on Wednesday. Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 →D→ 5

填空题Translation．(辽宁大学2007研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Sometimes Laura and I lean over the taffrail, and that is happiness. It may be by daylight, looking at the sea, rippled with little white ponies, or with no ripples at all but only the lazy satin of blue, marbled at the edge where the passage of our ship has disturbed it. Or it may be at night, when the sky surely seems blacker than ever at home and the stars more golden. I recall a phrase from the diary of a half-literate soldier, " The stars seemed little cuts in the black cover, through which a bright beyond was seen. " Sometimes these untaught scribblers have a way of putting things.