填空题At Yale University, some ten students live off campus in a cooperative home they call the Green House.41)__________. Late at night, they drive to the store and quietly jump into its car-sized dumpster, picking out unopened packages of still fresh food. They find milk, eggs, bread and cookies, chocolate, soup, vegetables, even frozen pizzas and soymilk. Not only are most Green House residents vegetarian, but they are also moderate freegans, meaning that they eat mainly what they can get for free. These students, of course, are trying to leave as small an "ecological footprint" as possible. 42)__________. Across America other devout environmentalists tire "off the grid", building shacks in the wilderness without running water or electricity. Frustrated with environmental destruction and waste, they have renounced the system that fosters and perpetuates it. Such ascetic anti-consumerism may be the most dramatic side of environmentalism, and it leads to cultural ferment that can set into motion political and economic change. Its practitioners focus on personal sacrifice, hoping that their ideals and asceticism will spread like a religion. 43)__________. Our political and economic systems are deeply immature. Environmentalists need m spend just as much energy organizing political and economic environmentalism. Also, old-fashioned environmentalism often assumes that business is opposed to environmental protection. In fact, thousands of US companies are discovering, often with the help of energy consultants, how much money they have to stand from becoming environmentally efficient: saving energy and recycling within industry. The recent book Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution by Paul Hawkenetal now translated into Chinese, should get some of the credit for bringing about this transformation in attitudes. Paradoxically, the US is both the birthplace of global environmentalism and the world's biggest environmental spender. Romanticism, the European and American literary and artistic movement that found God in the wilderness, had a strong long term impact on American thinking, starting in the middle third of the 19th century. In particular, renewed attention to the essays of Henry David Thoreau (1817-62) helped launch modern environmentalism a century after his death.44)__________Why the discrepancy? Most environmental damage cannot be boiled down to the choices made by individuals. Rather, individuals are locked into a system in which heavy industry commits the majority of ecological crimes, buttressed by an economic system that squanders natural resources. The government gives away mining rights and opens public forests to loggers practically for free——and big business spends millions of dollars to make sure politicians keep on doing so.45)__________.For many environmental problems, the solution is organized political pressure and entrepreneurial innovation.A. At times, the moral conviction and worldview of the Green House appear as all encompassing as a religious faith. Green House inmates live in the most environmentally "pious" way one could conceive of in the city.B. But effective environmentalism requires more than words, more than cultural change. It requires legal and economic reform. It demands historically unprecedented policies incorporating the value of cherished natural resources in market calculations. It calls for new organizations and entrepreneurial commitment. Anyone have any ideas?C. But one drawback of focusing environmentalist energy on abstaining from personal consumption is that such an approach can distract people from the larger muses of environmental destruction, which cannot be affected by individual choices to consume or not to consume.D. Other government subsidies support several filthy industries. While the government pays for new freeways, thus subsidizing automobiles, it ignores trains and bus networks. Polluters don' t pay the real cost of externalities such as toxic waste and air and water pollution.E. They recycle cans, bottles and paper meticulously, sorting them into the bins collected by municipal trucks in American cities. They reuse "grey water", meaning that they plug the drain when they shower and then use buckets to flush the toilet with the old soapy water. To prevent food from going to waste, they even get most of their groceries out of the trash of an upscale grocery store.F. We should recall, however, that environmentalists have often been fobbed off with token gestures, idle talk and unimplemented treaties. Even President Bush, who has the worst environmental record of any American president so far, has mastered the art of (largely empty) environmentalist rhetoric.G. Yet today America, with only 596 of the world's population, produces 2496 of global carbon dioxide emissions. The US, like many other rich countries, has cleaned up its air and water, but it is still the biggest contributor to the greatest environmental threat ever global climate chang

填空题Allen Ginsberg"s ______(1956), William S. Burroughs"s Naked Lunch(1959)and Jack Kerouac"s On the Road(1957)are considered to be the literary representatives of the______of the 1950s.

填空题 disapproval　　that　　nor A. influence choices by voicing 1 of someone B. interclass marriages are neither rare 2 shocking C. the fact 3 they are restricted by fewer prejudices than their parents This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually 4 they consider unsuitable. However, marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater mobility of today"s youth and 5 . Many young people leave their home towns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, or pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more likely to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, 6 . Interfaith marriages are on the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and raise a family. Marriages between people of different national origin (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.

填空题It is believed that the car the police found at the parking lot of the airport terminal ______ the gunman.

填空题In this dialectical synthesis, Gothic art represents the unique interaction of worldly limitations and the______flight of the soul.(hamper)

填空题As a woman writer, Virginia Woolf finds expression of her feminism in the form of the novel. According to critics, her novel____can best present her feminist consciousness.

填空题他不精通数学。

填空题You may have complete (free) ______ of action in dealing with this matter.

填空题As is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

填空题TANSLATE THE FOLLOWING INTO ENGLISH．(天津师范大学2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译) 全球的主要城市都拥有著名的地标做代表。但要感受上海风情，只消到外滩(the Bund)走一趟。坐落在滚滚黄浦江旁，两公里长的黄浦滩，是观光客与游人的必然首选。外滩这个国家级保护地标，现正踏进复兴新时代。

填空题As regards the question of sole agency, ______ our opinion, we both had better leave it ______ abeyance pending the development of business.

填空题 41) ____________. The synthetic (合成的) polymer (聚合的) device is the first flexible hydrophilie (吸水的) artificial cornea to be produced and inserted into a human. It is the product of 8 years work by researchers at the Lions Eye Institute of the University of WA'S Department of Ophthalmic Biomaterials. 42) ____________. "First, the plastic material used to construct the artificial cornea absorbs water and becomes elastic and soft like human tissue." Prof. Chirial told Australian Science. "A second novel characteristic is that the periphery (外围) is a sponge with pores allowing host tissue to grow into it. Third, the device uses interpenetrating (渗透) polymer networks to link the central transparent area with the non-transparent periphery." 43) ____________. The first recipient (接纳者)of the device, a 79-year-old WA man who was blind in one eye, can now read large print. A further eight patients are awaiting the technically challenging two-step procedure, with the first due to be operated on this month. 44) ____________. Many patients admitted to the trial have experienced rejection of previous human corneal grafts due to an immune reaction or medical syndrome. In others who have had a chemical burn to an eye, the artificial graft offers their only hope of restored vision. A senior opthalmologist with the team, Dr. Geoffrey Crawford, said the artificial cornea was a promising development for people in underdeveloped countries where an absence of eye banks meant that less than 1% of those needing a human corneal graft ever get one. 45) ____________.[A] It is novel in three ways according to its designer, Romanian-trained polymer chemist Professor Trainan Chirial, who set up the department in 1986.[B] The device is designed to replace a diseased or damaged cornea or a failed human graft and can give back sight to some patients.[C] The artificial cornea was made from a transparent matrix of collagen and a synthetic polymer.[D] Before the device can be marketed, an international trial of at least 50 patients in five centers worldwide needs to be completed successfully.[E] However, he conceded that the cost of the device would need to fall dramatically for it to be used in any widespread way.[F] He explained that material in the center and periphery have an identical chemical composition but are produced by different chemical processes, hence their different light-transmitting qualities.[G] Western Australian researchers have patented an artificial cornea with the potential to benefit blind or partially sighted individuals worldwide.

填空题The day will come when mall can make full use of solar energy．

填空题A. Excuse me, sir? B. Could I speak to Bruce, please? C. I"m not sure if he would give me one or two. D. My telephone number has changed. E. A little better. F. Has he got your telephone number? G. He"s not in at the moment. H. You"re welcome. Mrs. Lee: Hello. 68178502. David: Hello. 1 Mrs. Lee: Sony. 2 Can I take a message? David: Yes. This is David, Bruce"s friend. I want to ask him for some Chinese ancient coins. He told me he had got some recently. 3 I don"t care if they were made of different metals. I just want to add some more coins in my collection. Mrs. Lee: OK. I"ll tell him. Would you like him to ring you back later? David: Well, I won"t be at home later this day. Would you please ask him to ring me tomorrow morning? Mrs. Lee: Sure. 4 David: Oh, sorry. 5 The new number is 66129853. Mrs. Lee: OK. I"ll write a message for him. David: It"s really nice of you, Madam. Thank you very much. Goodbye! Mrs. Lee: Bye!

填空题Translate the following passages into Chinese．(北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) Rising Above the Gathering Storm Executive Summary The United States takes deserved pride in the vitality of its economy, which forms the foundation of our high quality of life, our national security, and our hope that our children and grandchildren will inherit ever-greater opportunities. That vitality is derived in large part from the productivity of well-trained people and the steady stream of scientific and technical innovations they produce. Without high-quality, knowledge-intensive jobs and the innovative enterprises that lead to discovery and new technology, our economy will suffer and our people will face a lower standard of living. Economic studies conducted even before the information-technology revolution have shown that as much as 85% of measured growth in U. S. income per capita was due to technological change. Today, Americans are feeling the gradual and subtle effects of globalization that challenge the economic and strategic leadership that the United States has enjoyed since World War II. A substantial portion of our workforce finds itself in direct competition for jobs with lower-wage workers around the globe, and leading-edge scientific and engineering work is being accomplished in many parts of the world.

填空题黔驴之技 贵州省本来没有人养驴，有个多事的人从外地用船装了一头驴来。后来发现没有什么用处，便放它在山脚下。老虎发现了它，心想：“这是个庞然大物，一定是神。”于是立即躲进树林，从岩石缝里偷看这头驴。后来它也曾试着接近，但遗憾的是，它还是弄不懂驴子到底是个什么家伙。 有一天驴大叫，老虎吓坏了，拼命奔逃，心里还以为驴要咬死它。后来老虎也不时来瞧瞧这头驴，发现并没有什么了不起。等到驴的叫声也听惯了的时候，老虎便常常从前面或后面凑近驴子，但并不敢袭击驴子。 老虎越凑近驴子，也就对驴子越熟悉。它还常常靠在驴身上，故意一再地冲撞。驴大怒，踢它。老虎大喜，心里想：“原来就这点本事。于是老虎猛扑上去，咬断了它的喉咙，把它吃了个精光，扬长而去。 唉!身体大，想必有优点；声音响，想必有能耐。弱点倘不暴露，虎虽凶猛，也不敢扑而食之。而现在的结果却是葬身虎口，实在太可悲了!

填空题The______of Chinese in the United States before 1949 were "married bachelors" who had wives in China whom they saw once every ten or twenty years if they were fortunate.(major)

填空题There were no women in the committee previous to 1976, but now women are in the ______ (major)

填空题Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin disappear into the bowels of a special lorry and are carted away to the local tip. To economists, this ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for the service out of local taxes. (71) Yet the marginal cost of rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people throw away, the more rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the more the local council has to pay in landfill and tipping fees. (72) But as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has surprisingly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few years several American towns and cities have started charging households for generating rubbish. The commonest system is to sell stickers or tags which householders attach to rubbish bags or cans. Only bags with these labels are picked up in the weekly collection. In the paper published last year Fullerton and Kinnaman studied the effects of one such scheme, introduced in July 1992 in Charlottesville, Virginia, a town of about 40,000 people. Residents were charged 80 cents for each sticker. This may sound like the sensible use of market forces. In fact, the authors conclude, the scheme's benefits did not cover the cost of printing stickers, the sticker sellers' commissions, and the wages of the people running the scheme. (73) This is inefficient: compacting is done better by machines at landfill sites than by individuals, however enthusiastically. The weight of rubbish collected in Charlottesville fell by a modest 14%. (74) The one bright spot in all this seems to have been a 15% increase in the weight of materials recycled, suggesting that people chose to recycle free rather than pay to have their refuse carted away. But the fee may have little to do with the growth in recycling, as many citizens were already participating in Charlottesville's voluntary recycling scheme. (75) To discourage dumping, for instance, local councils might have to spend more on catching litterers, or raise fines for littering, or cut the price of legitimate rubbish collection.A. True, the number of bags or cans collected did fall sharply, by 37% between May and September 1992. But rather than buy more tags, people simply crammed more garbage--about 40% more into each container.B. This looks like the most basic of economic misunderstandings: if rubbish disposal is free, people will produce too much rubbish. The obvious economic solution is to make households pay the marginal cost of disposing of their waste. That will give them an incentive to throw out less and recycle more.C. City authorities are now considering a project to teach Government waste collectors the skills, such as what rubbish to collect and how to classify it. If approved, the project will help ease the financial burden of the city's waste treatment.D. It would be foolish to generalize from this one case, but the moral is clear, economic incentives sometimes produce unforeseen responses.E. Less pleasing still, some people resorted to illegal dumping rather than pay to have their rubbish removed. This is hard to measure directly. But the authors, ob-serving that a few households in the sample stopped putting rubbish out, guess that illegal dumping may account for 30%-40% of the reduction in collected rubbish.F. But at the margin the price is zero: the family that fills four bins with rubbish each week pays no more than the elderly couple that fills on