单选题Many people like the color white as it is a ______ of purity.

单选题 SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by nine multiple choicequestions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Passage One Comedy's legendary Monty Python members-you know. 'I'm a lumberjack andI'm okay,' the Killer Rabbit, the Dead Parrot-were tired of seeing their legendarysketches pirated and fuzzily posted on You Tube, free to whoever wanted a quicklaugh. So they posted their own, higher-quality versions on YouTube-also free-but letfans know that complete DVD versions were available for purchase. Sales rose 23,000 percent. 'Free worked, and worked brilliantly…People are making lots of moneycharging nothing. Not nothing for everything, but nothing for enough that we haveessentially created a country-sized economy around the price of $0.00.' Anderson,48, the editor of Wired magazine, discussed the allure of zero with Jesse Kornbluth. In the 20th century 'free' meant giving away one thing to create demand foranother. Get a free cell phone, for example, by buying a monthly plan. What is 'free'now? Yes, 20th-century 'free' was about real objects made of atoms. Real costs were involved, so the consumer paid one way or another. In the 21th century, 'free' is digital bit with marginal costs. For all practical purposes, they really are free. In the digital economy, someone pays, but increasingly it's not you. Google and Wikipedia, for example, don't show up on your credit card. So how do you pay? Not with money, but with your time and attention. Some resources, of course, are scarce and getting scarcer; you pay for those. Digital goods and services, because they can be reproduced and distributed at almost no cost, are abundant. Once you've given content away on the Web, can you get people to pay? Absolutely. Use 'free' to get an audience, then segment your user base so you have a free version and a premium one. The Wall Street Journal created a clever hybrid-some free articles, some available only to paid subscribers. I get the sense that-when it comes to news, anyway-we'll soon have two classes of Internet users: 1 ) people who have money and will pay for quality reporting and analysis, and 2) people who are less well-off or care less about quality and will accept any information that's free. So the elite will be better informed, and others may get trashier media. I'm simply observing what happens in economics when marginal costs fall. In economic terms, 'free' is the law of gravity. I don't tell the apple to fall; it just falls. I don't tell water to flow downhill; it just does. In that way, it's simple: As costs approach zero, 'free' prevails. Passage Two Diamonds, sparkling under an African sun, have an attraction commensurate with their high price and beauty. For Anglo-American the opportunity to get their hands on some more has proved too much to resist. On November 4th the global mining giant announced that it would acquire the 40% of De Beers, a company that mines two-fifths of the world's diamonds, from the Oppenheimer family for $5.1 billion. This takes Anglo-American's stake in De Beers to 85%; the rest is owned by the government of Botswana, where the firm digs up its gems. The price looks right. Demand for diamonds has bounced back after the credit crisis in 2008 and the following recession in the rich world. More and more wealthy Indians and Brazilians seem keen to sport a 'rock' to show just how well they are doing. And the shrewd Oppenheimers do not seem to be getting out of the business because its future looks bleak. There is apparently no family member who wants to take on diamond mining. Nicky Oppenheimer, De Beers's chairman, foresaw the sale in February when he stood down from the board of Anglo-American. For Anglo-American it resolves the issue of its non-controlling stake in De Beers. Analysts have long reckoned it should either sell or try to increase its stake. In fact the firm might yet spin off De Beers with an IPO. The terms of the deal allow the Oppenheimers to pocket some more cash from a flotation or sale in the next couple of years, suggesting that such an outcome is not unlikely. It would also make sense. Anglo-American is a different beast to the global diversified mining giants that would count as its competitors. It stood apart from the wave of mining mega-mergers over the past decade or so-except as a potential target. The consolidation and the emergence of huge markets for the world's resources have propelled BHP Billiton, for instance, to become one of the world's biggest listed companies. Many would claim that Anglo-American has suffered as a result. Once one of the world's biggest miners, it now ranks alongside Xstrata, a company just ten years old, which in 2009 even attempted a nil-premium takeover of Anglo. It also has a significant portion of its assets in South Africa. And unlike its peers it has a large platinum business, as well as all the diamonds. Anglo-American's recent strategy has been to diversify out of South Africa, where the threat of nationalization, scarcely credible but a fear for investors none the less, hangs over it. Black-empowerment laws, a scarcity of water and electricity as well as an obstinate workforce make it a difficult place to operate. Botswana is far more accommodating, but it might also make sense to get out of diamonds: it is a business that is more about branding the rocks and less about the savvy capital deployment and logistical know-how that are the hallmarks of the mining business. If that is Anglo' eventual aim, then the deal looks like a smart move. Passage Three Younger Americans will have to take our word for it: there was a time, way back when Ronald Reagan was president, when your countrymen ordered coffee by simply asking for 'coffee'. Ordering a 'venti skinny chai latte' or a 'grande chocolate cookie crumble frappuccino' would have earned, at best, a blank stare. But that was before Howard Schultz took Starbucks from a single coffeehouse in downtown Seattle to a chain with more than 17,000 shops in 55 countries. The chain grew so quickly, and in some areas seemed so ubiquitous, that as early as 1998 a headline in The Onion, a satirical American newspaper, joked, 'New Starbucks Opens in Rest Room of Existing Starbucks'. After suffering through lean years in 2008 and 2009, the company is again going strong. In the 2011 financial year the company served 60m customers per week — more than ever. It also had its highest-ever earnings-per-share ($1.62) and global net revenue ($11.7 billion). Yet in 2011 Starbucks decided to do away with something important: it dropped the word 'Coffee' from its logo. While coffee remains as central to Starbucks' business and identity as hamburgers are to McDonald's, the company's recent American acquisitions have moved it beyond java. In November 2011 it acquired Evolution Fresh, a small California-based juice company, for $30m, giving the company a foothold in America's $1.6 billion high-end juice market. And in June 2012 Starbucks bought a bakery, Bay Bread, and its La Boulange-branded cafes, for $100m. Starbuck's customers 'have never been as satisfied with our food as our coffee,' explained Troy Alstead, Starbucks's chief financial officer. On November 14th Starbucks made it largest acquisition yet, buying Teavana, an Atlanta based tea retailer, for $620m. This is not the firm's first attempt into the tea market — its stores sell tea, of course, and it bought Tazo, a tea manufacturer and distributor, back in 1999 — but it is by far its boldest. When Starbucks bought Tazo it was simply a brand, but Teavana has some 300 shops, largely mall-based, throughout North America. Mr. Alstead hopes that scale will allow Starbucks 'to do for tea what we did for coffee'. This may seem, as they say at Starbucks, a tall order. Americans drink far more coffee than tea. In 2011 the average coffee consumption was 9.39 pounds per person, while tea was a paltry 0.9 pounds. Coffee has long been an essential part of American mornings. Tea has no comparably firm position, except for the tooth-shiveringly sweet iced tea served during meals in the South (85% of all tea consumed in America is iced). That said, since 1980 America's coffee consumption has fallen, and is forecast to fall further. Consumption of tea, on the other hand, has grown, and is forecast to keep growing-perhaps benefiting from the idea that it has health benefits that coffee lacks, perhaps driven partly by immigration from tea-drinking countries. The Tea Association of the USA put the value of the tea market in America at $8.2 billion in 2011, up from $1.8 billion just 20 years earlier, and forecasts that it will nearly double in value again by 2014. The sharpest growth will come from tea that is green-which also happens to be the color of money and the logo of Starbucks. Passage Four Late last year, Airbnb announced that it's going after the major hotel chains-which at first sounded kind of cute, like a precocious Little League pitcher saying he's going to strike out Miguel Cabrera. But when CEO Brian Chesky laid out his thinking for me in Airbnb's new, funky headquarters in San Francisco, I thought the investors who have pumped $326 million into the company might not be too dim. Airbnb is becoming much more than a way to spend $26 a night to sleep in London with five other people at The Imperial Fleapit. In fact, Airbnb is looking like a proof point of a trend that has been getting a lot of attention lately. Some refer to it as the DIY-for do it yourself-movement. Chesky uses the term 'decentralized production (分散式生产).' Marc Andreessen hit on the concept in a manifesto entitled 'Why Software Is Eating the World?' It all points to the same idea: Information technology is eroding the power of large-scale mass production. We're instead moving toward a world of massive numbers of small producers offering unique stuff-and of consumers who reject mass-produced stuff. The Internet, software, 3D printing, social networks, cloud computing and other technologies are making this economically feasible-in fact, desirable. The hotel industry-and the way Airbnb thinks about it-is an example of how that is playing out. There is a fundamental truth about big hotel chains that is only now being exposed in the Internet age: Hotel chains grew out of a lack of information. In the middle of last century, cars and highways made the world far more mobile. Many more people traveled to towns they didn't know, and they needed places to sleep. They had no way to know which hotel or boarding house might be nice or offer amenities they wanted. Travel guides, like Mobil's, popped up in the 1950s, but fdr the most part information remained scarce. Chains took advantage of that data deficit. If you knew a Holiday Inn in one town, you knew the Holiday Inn in the next town would be roughly the same. The brand's motto played off this: 'The best surprise is no surprise. ' The uniformity and comfort of a chain trumped the risk of an unknown, independent place. As chains got bigger, they could afford to widely advertise-a way to spread more information about the consistency of their hotels. Independents couldn't keep up. They had limited ways to get information to travelers. As long as this big information gap existed, chains grew and independents struggled. The gap drove chains to offer uniform accommodations at scale-and we got today's hospitality industry, dominated by the likes of Hilton, Marriott and Starwood. Chesky got to thinking about this when his late grandfather told him Airbnb reminded him of his childhood, when his family would arrive in towns and stay at boarding houses. Chesky thought: If the Internet was around back then, would hotel chains as we know them have been created? 'And the answer is absolutely not,' Chesky says. 'I'm not saying there wouldn't be hotels, but they wouldn't look like they do today.'

单选题 齐白石的艺术特色 齐白石是中国当代最伟大的艺术家之一。通过长期的实践，齐白石发展了一套具有个人特色的艺术形式。他的绘画作品涉猎广泛，他画的花、鸟、鱼、虾和虫受到广泛赞誉。为了提高画虾技巧，他曾经在家里养了一些虾，经常观察它们的动作，并且将自己为什么改变画虾的方法都写到日记中。齐白石的作品以笔墨雄浑滋润、色彩浓艳明快、造型简练生动、意境醇厚朴实著称。他将中国画的精神与时代精神统一得完美无瑕，使中国画得到了全世界的重视。

单选题—Did you eat yet? —______.

单选题The data accumulated was obtained through______

单选题 I used to tell interviewers ______ I wrote every day except for Christmas.

单选题Not wanting to embarrass the new secretary, he ______ many words unsaid.

单选题The technical advisor recommended that we ______ an inspection on the instrument once every month.

单选题The ______ driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.

单选题Everyone should be ______ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. A. attributed B. entitled C. identified D. justified

单选题The conference was organized for all the ______ in the city ( )

单选题Sarah: Hello. Im calling to rent an apartment you advertised.Manager: Yes. What kind of apartment are you interested in?Sarah: I m interested in a one-bedroom apartment. 56__________?Manager

单选题 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?

单选题We had a long meeting yesterday. It ______ four hours.

单选题A: I'm afraid I can't finish the book within this week.B: ______

单选题The writer's message is that the built environment should be ______.

单选题When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph--a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old, who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me. That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldn't remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it.

单选题 微信 微信(WeChat)作为时下最热门的社交信息平台，是一个为智能终端提供即时通讯服务的免费应用程序。微信支持单人、多人参与，人们通过手机网络发送语音、图片、视频和文字。截止到2015年第一季度，微信已经覆盖中国90%以上的智能手机，月活跃用户达到5.49亿，用户覆盖200多个国家、超过20种语言。此外，各品牌的微信公众账号总数已经超过800万个，微信支付用户则达到了4亿左右。

单选题 How Your Language Affects Your Wealth and Health A. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages affects our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have dramatic long-term consequences. B. There has been a lot of research into how we deal with the future. For example, the famous marshmallow (棉花糖) studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist temptation is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that if they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future reward became more successful young adults. C. Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are important to us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice of pizza. We want a comfortable retirement, but we also want to drive that dazzling car, go on that dream vacation, or get those gorgeous shoes. Some people are better at delaying gratification (满足) than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers, or to engage in unsafe sex. D. Chen's recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior. Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. Chen's recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interests. E. Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, Korean, and Russian, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly (明确地). Every time English-speakers talk about the future, they have to use future markers such as 'will' or 'going to.' In other languages, such as Mandarin, Japanese, and German, future markers are not obligatory (强制性的) . The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. A Mandarin speaker who is going to go to a seminar might say 'Wo qu ting jiangzuo,' which translates to 'I go listen seminar.' Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin future feels closer. As a consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers. F. Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes people's economic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they speak at home, demographics (人口统计资料), and cultural factors such as 'saving is an important cultural value for me.' He also analyzed individual-level data on people's retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that includes national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages. G. People's savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious connection, their countries' legal systems, and their cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on people's savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future. This effect is as large as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well. H. Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries' national savings rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking languages that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher. I. At a more practical level, researchers have been looking for ways to help people act in accordance with their long-term interests. Recent findings suggest that making the future feel closer to the present might improve future-oriented behavior. For instance, researchers recently presented people with renderings of their future selves made using age-progression algorithms (算法) that forecast how physical appearances would change over time. One group of participants saw a digital representation of their current selves in a virtual mirror, and the other group saw an age-morphed version of their future selves. Those participants who saw the age-morphed version of their future selves allocated more money toward a hypothetical savings account. The intervention brought people's future to the present and as a result they saved more for the future. J. Chen's research shows that language structures our future-related thoughts. Language has been used before to alter time perception with surprising effects. Ellen Langer and colleagues famously improved older people's physical health by simple interventions including asking them to talk about the events of twenty years ago as if it they were happening now. Talking about the past as if it were the present changed people's mindsets and their mindsets affected their physical states. Chen's research points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can move the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have dramatic influences on our judgments and decisions.

单选题If any law and order ______ not maintained, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.