完形填空Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems

完形填空 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure. Culture shock is precipitated by the 51 that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we 52 ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say, when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to 53 invitations, when to take statements seriously and 54 . These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are 55 a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend 56 our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry 57 conscious awareness. Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are 58 . He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked 59 you, followed by feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. 'The ways of the host county are bad because they make us feel bad' When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the 60 country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.

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完形填空During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a“free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 【A1】_____the idea of taking the class because, afterall, who doesnt want to 【A2】_____a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And,even if I werent 【A3】_____enough about free credits, news about our 【A4】_____was appealing enough to me. Hewas an international grand master, which 【A5】_____I would be learning from one of the games 【A6】_____. I couldhardly wait to【A7】_____him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this【A8】_____was no gamefor him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 【A9】_____that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to【A10】_____the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to【A11】_____whatwe would learn in class to our future professions and【A1】_____to our lives. I managed to get an A in that【A13】_____and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the【A14】_____.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he【A15】_____me: “the absolutemost important 【A16】_____that you learn when you play chess is how to make good【A17】_____.On every single move you have to【A18】_____a situation, process what your opponent is doing and【A19】_____thebest move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my【A20】_____as a journalist.

完形填空Movie makers feared for a while that they might be put out of business by television

完形填空The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61 ) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, were not always so grateful. 63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. Sapir''s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64 ) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65 ) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.

完形填空Animals have been kept as pets by people in all parts ofthe world for thousands ofyears

完形填空Directions: Reading the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blankfrom the four choices marked A, B, C or D.A four-year college degree, seen for generations as a ticket to a better life, is【A1】______enough to guaranteea steadily rising paycheck.Just ask Bea Dewing. After she earned a bachelor’s degree—his second—in computer science fromMaryland’s Frostburg State University in 1986, she enjoyed almost unbroken advance in【A2】______ eventually earning $89,000 a year as a data modeler for Sprint Corp in Lawrence, Ken. Then, in2002, Sprint laid her off.“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most,” says Ms. Dewing, now 56 yearsold.【A3】______she spent the next six years in a career wilderness, starting in internet cafe that didn’t succeed,working【A4】______job and low-end positions in data processing, and fruitlessly【A5】______hundreds of job postings.The low point came around 2004 when a recruiter for Sprint—now known as Sprint NextelCorp.—called seeking to fill a job similar to the one she【A6】______two years earlier, but paying barely athird of her old salary.In April, Ms. Dewing finally landed a job【A7】______her old one in the information technology departmentof Wal-Mart Store Inc.’s headquarters in Bentonville, Ark, where she relocated. She【A8】______about 20%less than she did in 2002, adjusted for inflation, but considers herself fortunate, and wiser.A degree, she says, “isn’t any big guarantee of employment, it’s a basic【A9】______, a step you have to taketo【A10】______be considered for many professional jobs.” A college degree may not take you as far as you’dexpect, although there may still be a few fields where a bachelor’s degree still remains a worthyinvestment.

完形填空A. The culprit is climate change, caused by society's burning of fossil fuels. When it comes to global warming, farmers who are more attuned to weather patterns than most people—may be the proverbial canaries in the coalmine. The weather, of course, has never been exactly dependable—farmers have always been at the mercy of the vagaries of sun and rain. But general weather patterns have at least been broadly predictable, allowing farmers to know when to sow their seeds, when to transplant, when to harvest. As weather patterns become less reliable, growers will be tested to develop new rhythms and systems for growing crops. B. Most keyboard jockeys would die for the view from Orin Martin's office window: apple trees in blossom, lines of citrus, dozens of varieties of flowers and neat rows of peppers and potatoes. Martin is a farmer in Santa Cruz, Calif., where for the last 30 years he has been an instructor at the University of California's agro-ecology program, one of the nation's oldest organic agriculture curriculums. C. What all agriculture experts agree on is that farmers need to start preparing today for climate change. Growers ought to be thinking about what warmer temperatures, fluctuations in precipitation, and an increase in extreme weather events will mean for their farms, and how they can respond. 'This is change; it's not necessarily disaster,' says Grubinger. 'The disaster will come if people aren't prepared.' D. In recent years, however, something has been wrong in his idyllic setting. The weather is changing in strange ways. From New England to the Midwest to California, farmers and scientists are noticing that once-dependable weather patterns are shifting. E. Among farmers and researchers, there is disagreement about which types of growers climate change will impact most—large agribusiness growing operations, or smaller, family-run farms. Some agriculture industry observers say that the bigger farmers will have an advantage in coping with weather changes, as they will have more resources to switch to new crops. Others say that since family farms usually grow a wider range of crops, their biological diversity will make it easier to cope with whatever changes occur. F. There is a misconception that the scientific community is in a state of disagreement about global warming. In fact, there is virtually no serious disagreement on the central points. The misconception of disagreement is actually an illusion that has been deliberately fostered by oil coal companies. These companies want to prevent any new policies that would interfere with their current business plans that rely on the massive unrestrained dumping of CO2 into the Earth atmosphere every day. G. Too much rain at the wrong time can make it difficult to plant or harvest crops. Above-average rainfall also contributes to fungi and insects that can dramatically reduce crop yields. Too much warmth is equally problematic. Some plants require a certain number of frost days each year in order to thrive the following spring. As temperatures warm, farmers may find themselves having to either shift to different crops or actually move their operations to new locales. Unreliable weather will make it harder for farmers to be as productive as we have come to expect. Order: 41 → 42 → 43 → 44 →E→ 45

完形填空So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, 【B1】 ________we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor

完形填空The phrase, The early bird catches the worm may be true

完形填空Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel association, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers. 41 They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. 42 Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 43 Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. 44 45 Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers. A. The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers including car-rental and sight-seeing services. B. They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours. C. Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. D. As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries. E. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients. F. In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel—planes, ships, trains, motor coaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases. G. Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to the comfort of travel.

完形填空 Government officials reported three new cases of mad cow, bringing the total so far this year to 99. Last year, France recorded just 31 cases of the mad cow disease. The rising numbers are in part 1 a new testing program that focuses on cows that are most 2 . That program has 3 39 cases. But still 60 new cases were identified in the usual way, 4 were found in 1999. Many scientists 5 that this year, five years after safety precautions were 6 , the number of cases would be 7 . The rise in cases has 8 some scientists to question whether the disease can be transmitted in ways not yet understood. Scientists are still 9 the disease, first recognized in cows in 1986. It appears that it is not caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus, but 10 infectious particles called prion, perhaps 11 a virus or other agent. The disease kills cells in the brain, 12 it spongy and full of holes. France has taken more steps to 13 safety than most European countries, 14 refusing to take English beef 15 the European Union. But some scientists believe that France has not been 16 in imposing the ban on feed that 17 animal parts. Some French officials hope that the sudden interest in mad cow disease will mean that French consumers will become educated about it, thereby recognizing that French beef is actually 18 controlled. Every cow is given a passport at birth, and extensive information about its parentage and 19 it was raised must be 20 to any slaughterhouse. When a diseased animal is found, the entire herd is destroyed.

完形填空Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain 【A1】______ to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, 【A2】______ they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed【A3】______ certain signs, called letters, which could be written to represent those sounds, and which could be 【A4】______. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their 【A5】______—the things they bring up before our minds. Words become 【A6】______ with meaning for us by experience;【A7】______ the longer we live, the more certain words 【A8】______ to us the happy and sad events of our past: and the more we【A9】______, the more the number of words that mean something to us 【A10】______.

完形填空Goats are being hired to do the work of men in a neighborhood just outside of San Diego

完形填空At the start of the 20th century

完形填空Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In 【A1】_____ a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 【A2】_____ can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are【A3】_____ readers. Most of us develop poor reading 【A4】_____ at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency 【A5】_____ in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have 【A6】_____ meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. 【A7】_____, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 【A8】_____ words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 【A9】_____ you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 【A10】_____ down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 【A11】_____ reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an【A12】_____, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 【A13】_____ the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 【A14】_____ word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first 【A15】_____ is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 【A16】_____ your comprehension will improve. Many people have found 【A17】_____ reading skill drastically improved after some training. 【A18】_____ Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 【A19】_____ the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 【A20】_____ a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

完形填空Green sea turtles (海龟) are the worlds largest species of hard-shelled sea turtle

完形填空From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us