填空题One type of descriptive approach is called______ analysis. Its main objective is to study the distribution of linguistic forms in a language.

填空题 We are living in one of those periods in human history which are marked by revolutionary changes in all of man's ideas and values. It is a time when every one of us must look within himself to find what ideas, what beliefs, and what ideals each of us will live by. And unless we find these ideals, and unless we stand by them firmly, we have no power to overcome the crisis in which we in our world find ourselves. I believe in people, in sheer, unadulterated humanity. I believe in listening to what people have to say, in helping them to achieve the things which they want and the things which they need. Naturally, there are people who behave like beasts, who kill, who cheat, who lie and who destroy. But without a belief in man and a faith in his possibilities for the future, there can be no hope for the future, but only bitterness that the past has gone. I believe we must, each of us, make a philosophy by which we can live. There are people who make a philosophy out of believing in nothing. They say there is no truth, that goodness is simply cleverness in disguising your own selfishness. They say that life is simply the short gap in between an unpleasant birth and an inevitable death. There are others who say that man is born into evil and sinfulness and that life is a process of purification through suffering and that death is the reward for having suffered. I believe these philosophies are false. The most important thing in life is the way it is lived, and there is no such thing as an abstract happiness, an abstract goodness or morality, or an abstract anything, except in terms of the person who believes and who acts. There is only the single human being who lives and who, through every moment of his own personal living experience, is being happy or unhappy, noble or base, wise or unwise, or simply existing. The question is: How can these individual moments of human experience be filled with the richness of a philosophy which can sustain the individual in his own life? Unless we give part of ourselves away, unless we can live with other people and understand them and help them, we are missing the most essential part of our own human lives. There are as many roads to the attainment of wisdom and goodness as there are people who undertake to walk them. There are as many solid truths on which we can stand as there are people who can search them out and who will stand on them. There are as many ideas and ideals as there are men of good will who will hold them in their minds and act them in their lives. A. listening to people's opinions B. revolutionary changes C. being happy or unhappy D. the way it is lived E. we give part of ourselves away F. many roads to the attainment of wisdom G. as a short gap between birth and death

填空题In Hawaii , people are friendly and always warmly welcomed visitors.

填空题For him {{U}}to be re-elected{{/U}}, what is essential is not that his policy {{U}}works{{/U}}, {{U}}but that{{/U}} the public believe that it {{U}}is{{/U}}. A. to be re-elected B. works C. but that D. is

填空题And of course its created quite a stir, with other scientists rounding on Antinori as religious leaders line up to attack his cloning plan as an insult to human dignity.

填空题Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. (41) _____________________ The extrinsic approach, adopted in modem times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Art in 1896, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience that is unique to it and that, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source. The extreme version of this intrinsic approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan "art for art's sake."(42) _____________________ Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions. We believe, for example, that works of art must be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of appreciation, we gain from them something that is of independent value. (43) _____________________ The analogy with laughter--which, in some views, is itself a species of aesthetic interest--introduces a concept without which there can be no serious discussion of the value of art: the concept of taste. (44) _____________________ Similarly, we regard some works of art as worthy of our attention and others as not. In articulating this judgment, we use all of the diverse and confusing vocabulary of moral appraisal; works of art, like people, are condemned for their sentimentality, coarseness, vulgarity, cruelty, or self-indulgence, and equally praised for their warmth, compassion, nobility, sensitivity, and truthfulness. Clearly, if aesthetic interest has a positive value, when motivated by good taste; it is only interest in appropriate objects that can be said to be good for us. (45) _____________________.[A] Thus a joke is laughed at for its own sake, even though there is an independent value in laughter, which lightens our lives by taking us momentarily outside ourselves. Why should not something similar be said of works of art, many of which aspire to be amusing in just the way that good jokes are?[B] All discussion of the value of art tends, therefore, to turn from the outset in the direction of criticism. Can there be genuine critical evaluation of art, a genuine distinction between that which deserves our attention and that which does not?[C] Art is held to be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions. In this case, it becomes an open question whether there might not be some more effective means of the same result. Alternatively, one may attribute a negative value to art, as Plato did in his Republic, arguing that art has a corrupting or diseducative effect on those exposed to it.[D] Artistic appreciation, a purely personal matter, calls for appropriate means of expression. Yet, it is before anything a process of “cultivation", during which a certain part of one's "inner self" is "dug out" and some knowledge of the outside world becomes its match.[E] If I am amused it is for a reason, and this reason lies in the object of my amusement. We thus begin to think in terms of a distinction between good and bad reasons for laughter. Amusement at the wrong things may seem to us to show corruption of mind, cruelty, or bad taste; and when it does so, we speak of the object as not truly amusing, and feel that we have reason on our side.[F] Such thinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also a sufficient justification of itself. They also hold that in order to understand art as it should be understood, it is necessary to put aside all interests other than an interest in the work itself.

填空题Virginia Woolf experimented with the(11)technique in her novel To the(12)

填空题We can divide a syllable into two parts, the RHYME(or RIME)and the ONSET. The vowel within the rhyme is the nucleus, with the consonant(s)after it termed the ______.

填空题Usually the buyer will issue the L/C as required by the ______ on time.

填空题Systemic-Functional Grammar, unlike traditional grammar which takes sentence as the largest unit, takes______as the basic unit. (中山大学2008研)

填空题Negotiation is not limited to the corporate boardroom or to high-stakes business settings. By becoming familiar with simple negotiating skills, you can help solve a wide variety of workplace problems, both large and small. When you are discussing a need or problem with your coworkers, Whichever of the following techniques will help bring your discussion to a positive close. Learn about the other's needs. What does the other person need? How can you help meet these needs? Negotiation often involves exchanges, and your willingness to discover resources you can "swap" with each other can make your negotiation successful. Listen. (1) Negotiate with the right person. (2) Ask questions. In the course of a typical negotiation, your coworker will say things you disagree with. He might even make an ultimatum or two. Don't respond in kind. Probe his position by asking open-ended questions and posing hypothetical scenarios. You will likely discover additional negotiating room as a result. Know your strengths but don't let on. (3) Don't be afraid to give in, but do it point by point. A good rule of thumb: make a concession only when your coworker makes a concession. Think of negotiating as a selling. Imagine you are a salesperson who must convince your customer of the merits of your product. A sales mindset will help you maintain a positive and persuasive attitude. Anticipate shock tactics. Good negotiators know that "shock tactics" are a normal part of serious negotiation discussions. (4) Look at the big picture. If you and your coworker agree on the big picture, you can agree "in principle" to your mutual objective—and pursue the details later. An agreement in principle often removes a major stumbling block to successful negotiations, since it may put you and the other person on the same side. Look for "yes" opportunities. (5) When you hear a "yes", thank your coworker and reaffirm your desire to conclude an agreement. Remember that winning is not everything. In a productive negotiation, both sides give away something in order to gain something of greater value. Do not enter a negotiation with the intention of browbeating your opponent or "winning" the deal. Instead, seek to arrive at a win-win outcome that leaves both you and your coworker enthusiastic about the result and eager to negotiate again. A. Always maintain a sense of decorum, ever when others appear angry, frustrated or disgusted. Your decorum signals your willingness to continue the discussion—but on civil terms. B. Remain on the lookout for points you and the other person agree on. When negotiations are not going well—even when they seem doomed—agreement on a relatively minor point can often change the tone of the discussion. C. Let your coworker talk about her problem first. Try to understand her position before you argue your point of view. D. Don't let your coworker know fully what you can offer in the negotiation until the discussion progresses further. Save your best negotiating points and concessions for later. E. Nothing is more frustrating than approaching an individual to help you solve a problem, only to discover that he cannot. Figure out who can help meet your needs, and then decide how best to approach that individual.

填空题Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the______theory.

填空题Tourism, holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have considered. On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book. And indeed since social scientists have had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics, such as work or politics, it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking. (41) However, there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance. This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in some societies but not necessarily in others. The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of "normal" societies. It could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to tourism. (42) Tourism is a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namely regulated and organised work. It is one manifestation of how work and leisure are organised as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in "modern" societies. Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within particular places and occurs for regularised periods of time. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work and are of a short-term and temporary nature and there is a clear intention to return "home" within a relatively short period of time. (43) A substantial proportion of the population of modern societies engages in such tourist practices; new socialised forms of provision have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation, especially through daydreaming and fantasy, of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those customarily encountered. Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming. (44) Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape, which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning, with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People linger over these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs, postcards, films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured. (45) To service the burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals has developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at. These objects or places are located in a complex and changing hierarchy. This depends upon the interplay between, on the one hand, competition between interests involved in the provision of such objects and, on the other hand, changing class, gender, and generational distinctions of taste within the potential population of visitors. It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the "modern experience". Not to "go away" is like not possessing a car or a nice house. Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary for good health. The role of the professional, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations. A. Good reason for the study of tourism B. Developing new forms of provision C. Essence of modern tourism D. Tourism vs. leisure E. Extraordinariness of modern tourism F. Exploring role of tourist professionals

填空题If one does not pick up {{U}}his{{/U}} dry-cleaning {{U}}within{{/U}} thirty days, the management is not {{U}}obligated{{/U}} to return it {{U}}back{{/U}}. A. his B. within C. obligated D. back

填空题词语翻译：汉译英。(国际关系学院英语笔译、口译专业2011研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)谈判筹码

填空题If the police would have arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.

填空题Please look after my house and the flowers in my yard during my (absent) ______.