填空题[A] Market Data [B] Market Prosperity [C] Secret of Success [D] Questions to Ask [E] Understanding Your Market [F] Market Research Successful small business expansions and new job formation lead the way in creating new markets, innovations and jobs that fuel economic growth and prosperity. In recognition of the importance of small business to a strong economy, the U. S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is pleased to help meet the information needs of existing business owners and aspiring entrepreneurs. 41. ______ Your business will not succeed just because you want it to succeed. Determining if there is a market for your products or services is the most critical item of planning. Once you decide on your product or service, you must analyze your market--a process involving interviewing competitors, suppliers and new customers. Before you begin researching your market, however, you should take a brief, but close, look at your product or service from an objective standpoint. You should ask yourself the following questions : --Is this product or service in constant demand? --How many competitors provide the same service or product? --Can I create a demand for my product or service? --Can I compete effectively in price, quality and delivery? --Can I price my product or service to assure a profit? Once you are satisfied that these preliminary questions are answered, move on to performing your research. 42. ______ It is extremely beneficial to investigate a market because the information gathered can increase your profit potential. Specifically, it: --Indicates alternative sales approaches to your market. --Provides a more accurate base for making profit assumptions. --Aids in the organization of marketing activities. --Assists in the development of critical short/mid-term goals. --Helps establish your market"s profit boundaries. Unfortunately, many entrepreneurs fail to complete this critical section of their business plan. Collecting research data can be frustrating unless you have defined your goals and organized the collection and analysis process. To prevent this from happening, you must plan how you will collect, sort and analyze the information. Maintain a notebook and file in which to store, organize and retrieve data as needed. 43. ______ Your research should ask these questions: --Who are your customers? --Where are they located? --What are their needs and resources? --Is your service or product essential in their operations or activities? --Can the customer afford your service or product? --Where can you create a demand for your service or product? --What areas within your market are declining or growing? --What is the general economy of your service or product area? 44. ______ Knowing your market requires an understanding not only of your product, but also of your customers" socioeconomic characteristics. This information wii1 serve as a map in letting you know what is ahead. More market information can be found in: --Library listings of trade associations and journals. --Regional planning organizations" studies on growth trends. --Banks, realtors and insurance companies. --Competitors. --Customer surveys in your market area. Once you have obtained and analyzed this information, it will become the foundation of your business plan. Research information is important because it supports the basic assumptions in your financial projection--your reason for going into business. 45. ______ To be successful, a small business owner must know the market. Market research is simply an orderly, objective way of learning about people--the people who will buy from you.

填空题Old people are always saying that the young people are not (51) they were. The same comment is (52) from generation to generation and it is always (53) . It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy (54) freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so (55) on their par ents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are (56) more than past histo ry. This is as it should be. Every new generation is (57) from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple (58) that they have been (59) a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threat- ened. And this is precisely what the (60) are doing. They are questioning the (61) of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to (62) that the older gen eration has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than (63) is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and (64) ? And what (65) the clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should 66 drab grey suits? If we turn our (67) to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used (68) to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more (69) posses sions? Can anything be right with the retrace? Haven't the old lost (70) with all that is important in life?

填空题At first no one ______ that suggestion． 最初没有人认为那个建议是重要的。

填空题[A]Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.InadequateprotectionofU.S.patents,trademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S.economy＄80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250,000jobseveryyear,accordingtoGaryHoffman,anintellectualpropertyattorneyatDickstein,Shapiro＆MorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof＄4billionofrevenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmovies,booksandrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast＄4billionannually.[B]Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformorethan25%ofU.S.exports(comparedwithjust12%eightyearsago),protectionagainstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministration'stradeagenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommission,thefederalagencythatdealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompanies,ishandlingarecordnumberofcases(38lastyear).SaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:"Conceptualpropertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftradedisputes."[C]Thebattleiswidening--U.S.companiesfiledmorethan5,700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3,800in1980--andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcasetodate,EastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay＄900millionforinfringingonsevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reachingcopyrightcase,bookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhenafederalcourtinNewYorkCityfinedtheKinko'sGraphicsnationalchainofcopyingstores＄510,000forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbookstocollegestudents.[D]Althoughtheverdictissubjecttoappeal,theawardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectualproperty.ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYouDon'tWantMyPeaches,You'dBetterStopShakingMyTree,butitactuallyencompassesthewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue--andmanyofthemhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney'sMickeyMousetoUpjohn'sformulaforitsanti-baldnesspotion,patents,trademarksandcopyrightshavebecomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmostanythingtoprotect.[E]Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedoninformationandtechnology,ideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofacompany'swealth.Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatented,trademarkedandcopyrightedinrecordnumbers.Itisalsowhytoday'scleverthiefdoesn'trobbanks,manyofwhicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevinCostner'slatestfilm,sellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulaforMerck'snewestpharmaceutical.That'swherethemoneyis.[F]Onereasonisthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectualproperty.RealizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeasWellashobblenativeindustries,nationseverywherearerevisinglawscoveringpatents,copyrightsandtradenames.Malaysia,Egypt,China,turkey,BrazilandeventheSovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlawsorbeefupexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupportforaproposedfree-tradepact,Mexicolastmonthrevealed,planstodoublethelifeoftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthefirsttimetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.[G]Companiesarecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesigns,moviesandcomputerprograms.Thebattleisgettinghotter--andmoreimportant.WhenJohnson＆.Johnsonintroducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveralyearsago,executivesatMinnesotaMining＆Manufacturingflewintoarage.Thetape,whichsetsfracturesfasterthanplaster,wasremarkablysimilarindesignandfunctiontoacastingtapedevelopedby3Mscientists.TheSt.Paul-basedcompanyquicklysued,chargingJ＆Jwithviolatingfourofitspatents.Lastmonthafederalcourtbacked3MandorderedJ＆Jtopay＄116millionindamagesandinterest--thefourthlargestpatent-infringementjudgmentinhistory.Order:

填空题fall, falsify, familiarize, fantasize He has a____scheme that he could make a million dollars betting on horse races even though he is now penniless.

填空题The overseas Chinese were commonly viewed as______by those in their home villages, who had very little idea of the hardships and social isolation endured by most Chinese in America.(benefit)

填空题The first American ______ (perform) of this opera was in 1926.

填空题A. Oh, that's good.B. I'll be expecting you.C. It's nice and bright.D. I read your advertisement in today's paper.E. Is there a bathroom?F. I'm the owner of the house.G. But I haven't got one yet.H. Speaking.Alan: Hello, May I speak to Lucy, please?Lucy: (56) Alan: My name is Alan Walker. (57) It says you have an apartment to let (出租).Lucy: Yes, it is a large flat with two bed-rooms and a big sitting room.Alan: (58) Lucy: Yes, of course. It has a nice bathroom.Alan: (59) I'd like to live here for at least 2 years. How much would you charge me then?Lucy: In that case it is $110 per week.Alan: I wonder if I could come over and have a look right now.Lucy: Certainly. (60)

填空题A. What about you? B. Would you like black tea? C. Do you have any eggs, madam? D. Would you like something to eat? E. Black tea or iced tea? F. Can I help you? G. Thank you very much. H: It is very tasty. Woman: (56) Ben: Yes, madam. What would you like to drink, Tony? Tony: I'd like some tea. Ben: (57) Tony: Iced tea, please. (58) Ben: I'd like some lemonade. (59) Tony: Yes, I'd like a pizza, please. Woman: What would you like on it, sir? Tony: Mushrooms, green peppers and onions, please. Ben: All right, (60) Woman: Yes. Ben: We want a cup of iced tea, a glass of milk, a glass of lemonade, a pizza and two eggs, please. Woman: OK.

填空题A recent study says women easily form negative attitude to other women, while on the other hand men are more ______ of their peers. (tolerate)

填空题{{B}}Direction: Pick out the appropriate expression from the eight choices and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.{{/B}} A. What happened? B. Nice to meet you. C. please take it easy. D. No trouble at all. E. Coffee, please. F. I forgive you. G. But he panned to. H. Can I have the bill?

填空题______ relativity

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There age two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Cardiologists have pioneered the world's first non-surgical bypass operation to turn a vein into an artery using a new technique to divert blood flow in a man with severe heart disease. 41. ______________________ Although major heart surgery is becoming commonplace, with more than 28,000 bypass operations in the UK annually, it is traumatic for patients and involves a long recovery period. The new technique was carried out by an international team of doctors who performed the non-invasive surgery on a 53-year-old German patient. 42. ______________________ According to a special report in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association, cardiologists developed a special catheter (导管)which was inserted into one of :his leg arteries, threaded up through the aorta (主动脉) to the top of the diseased artery, which was the only part still open and receiving blood. 43. ______________________ A thin, flexible wire was threaded through the needle and the needle and catheter were with- drawn, leaving the wire behind and a small angioplasty(血管成形术) balloon, which was used to widen the channel. Finally, the vein was blocked off just above the new channel allowing blood from the artery to be re-routed down the vein. 44. ______________________ Dr. Stephen Oesterle, who led the team, said: "This milestone marks the first coronary artery bypass performed with a catheter. The technology offers a realistic hope for truly minimally invasive bypass procedures in the future." Dr. Oasterle is director of cardiology at Massachusetts General Hospital and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Melanie Haddon, cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said it was likely to be many years before the procedure was routinely used in hospitals. "Non-invasive surgery, such as this new method, could help minimize the risks, bringing great benefits to the patient." A clot-busting drug combined with 10-minute spurts of exercise has been found to grow new blood vessels in children with heart disease. 45. ______________________ X-rays showed that over a five month period a network of tiny new blood vessels formed in two of the patients. In all seven individuals, the treatment was associated with improved blood flow to the heart muscle in the areas around the blockage.[A] In every case, the therapy increased the size of the blocked artery allowing more blood to pass through.[B] The diabetic patient, who has not been named, had suffered severe chest pains because one of his coronary arteries was severely blocked and depriving his heart muscle of oxygen, but he was considered by doctors to be unsuitable for traditional bypass surgery.[C] Then, guided by ultra-sound a physician pushed a needle from inside the catheter through the artery wall and into the adjacent vein.[D] The keyhole procedure, which avoids the extensive invasive surgery of a conventional bypass, will offer hope to tens of thousands of people at risk from heart attacks. Coronary heart disease, where the arteries are progressively silted up with fatty deposits, is responsible in a major industrial country like Britain for more than 160,000 deaths each year.[E] After the procedure, the vein effectively became an artery, carrying blood in the reverse direction from the previous way, and feeding the starved heart tissue with oxygen.[F] Researchers in Japan studied seven children and teenagers, aged 6 to 19, who had a totally blocked artery and could not be helped by surgery. They were asked to exercise on a bicycle ma- chine twice a day for 10 days and given the anti-clotting drug before each session.[G] It is very premature to suggest that this technique will significantly reduce the need for coronary bypass surgery in the near future. It won't be a solution for everyone. The reality is that veins are not always located that close to an artery, so it wouldn't work under certain circumstances.

填空题 Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with one worD、In each case, use the exact word that appears in your textbook. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. As a（1）, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician,（2）a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the conscious mind, （3）a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious（4）work. For weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an hour or two（5）a great number of combinations but he arrived at（6）result. One night he drank some black coffee, contrary（7）his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, （8）. two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which （9）only a few hours. Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in （10）unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness.

填空题She tried to ______ (beauty) her room with posters and plants.

填空题By careful examination，the doctors hope to ______ the source of infection． 医生们希望通过仔细检查找出感染源。

填空题Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes, should we? Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom? This may sound like a fanciful concern, but it is an increasingly real one. The new federal transportation bill, for example, authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public consciousness or issuing stiffer punishments — but by making the crime practically impossible to commit. 1 ______ The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the "perfect prevention" of crime: depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place. The federal government"s Intelligent Transportation Systems program, which is creating technology to share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights, could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light. 2 ______ Such technologies force us to reconcile two important interests. On one hand is society"s desire for safety and security. On the other hand is the individual"s right to act freely. Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime, but punishing them if they do. The perfect prevention of crime asks us to consider exactly how far individual freedom extends. Does freedom include a "right" to drive drunk, for instance? It is hard to imagine that it does. 3 ______ For most familiar crimes (murder, robbery, rape, arson), the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind, whether it is intent, recklessness or negligence. 4 ______ In such cases, using technology to prevent the crime entirely would not unduly burden individual freedom ; it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute. Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense, the government could require, for instance, that drug manufacturers apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills, thus making the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible, without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller. But because the government must not intrude on people"s thoughts, perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses. 5 ______ Even if this could be known, perhaps with the help of some sort of neurological scan, collecting such knowledge would violate an individual"s freedom of thought. Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention, and for strict liability crimes it is permissible and may be good policy if implemented properly. But for most offenses, the threat to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach. This is not because people have a right to commit crimes; they do not. Rather, perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts, even when those thoughts turn to crime. [A] But there is a category of crimes that are forbidden regardless of the actor"s state of mind: so-called strict-liability offenses. One example is the sale of tainted drugs. Another is drunken driving. [B] The Dadss program, despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving, is criticized as a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers" behavior and controls individual"s free will. [C] And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions, making it effectively impossible for most people to illegally share certain copyrighted materials, including video games. [D] If the actor doesn"t have the guilty state of mind, and he commits crime involuntarily, in this case, the actor will be convicted as innocent. [E] Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to know what a person was thinking in order to determine whether he possessed the relevant culpable mental state. [F] The program, the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (Dadss), is developing in vehicle technology that automatically checks a driver"s blood-alcohol level and, if that level is above the legal limit, prevents the car from starting. [G] But what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate? This would seem like an obvious violation of our freedom. We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases.

填空题{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Between 5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago the Earth was formed, By 3,000 million years ago life had arisen and we have fossils of microscopic bacteria-like creatures to prove it. {{U}} (66) {{/U}}Nobody knows what happened, but theorists agree that the key was the spontaneous arising of self-replicating entities, i. e. something equivalent to "genes" in the general sense. The atmosphere of the early Earth probably contained gases still abundant today on other planets in the solar system. Chemists have experimentally reconstructed these ancient conditions in the laboratory. If plausible gases are mixed in a flask with water, and energy is added by an electric discharge (simulated lightning), organic sub-stances are spontaneously synthesized. These include the building blocks of RNA and DNA. It seems probable that something like this happened on the early Earth. Consequently, the sea would have become a "soup" of prebiological organic compounds.{{U}} (67) {{/U}} Today the most famous self-replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widely thought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life because its replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, which could not have been available before evolution itself began. DNA has been described as a" high-tech" molecule which probably arose some time after the origin of life itself. Perhaps the related molecule RNA, which still plays various vital roles in living cells, was the original self-replicating molecule. Or perhaps the primordial replicator was a different kind of molecule altogether.{{U}} (68) {{/U}}Variants that were particularly good at replication would automatically have come to predominate in the primeval soup. Varieties that did not replicate, or that did so inaccurately, would have become relatively less numerous. This led to ever-increasing efficiency among replicating molecules. As the competition between replicating molecules warmed up, success must have gone to the ones: hat happened to hit upon special tricks or devices for their own self-preservation and their own rapid replication. The rest of evolution may be regarded as a continuation of the natural selection of replicator molecules, now called genes, by virtue of their capacity to build for themselves efficient devices (cells and multicellular bodies) for their own preservation and reproduction.{{U}} (69) {{/U}} Fossils were not laid down on more than a small scale until the Cambrian era, nearly 600 million years ago. The first vertebrates may date back 530 million years, according to fossil evidence--primitive, lawless fishes with fins, gills, and fish-like muscle patterns--found in China in 1999. Vertebrates appear abundantly in fossil beds between 300 and 400 million years ago.{{U}} (70) {{/U}} Mammals and, later, birds, arose from two different branches of reptiles. The rapid divergence of mammals into the rich variety of types that we see today, from opossums to elephants, from anteaters to monkeys, seems to have been unleashed into the vacuum left by the catastrophic extinction of the dinosaurs, 65 million years ago. A. Among vertebrates, the land was first colonized by lobe-finned and lung-bearing fish about 250 million years ago, then by amphibians and, in more thoroughgoing fashion, by various kinds of animals that we loosely lump together as reptiles. B. Once self-replicating molecules had been formed by chance, something like Darwinian natural selection could have begun: variation would have come into the population because of random errors in copying. C. It is not enough, of course, that organic molecules appeared in the primeval soup. The crucial step, as noted above, was the origin of self-replicating molecules, molecules capable of copying themselves. D. Although we naturally emphasize the evolution of our own kind--the vertebrates, the mammals, and the primates--these constitute only a small branch of the great tree of life. E. Three thousand million years is a long time, and it seems to have been long enough to have produced such astonishingly complex contrivances as the vertebrate body and the insect body. F. Some time between these two dates--independent molecular evidence suggests about 4,000 million years ago--that mysterious event, the origin of life, must have occurred.