填空题 Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. In most cultures, when you meet acquaintances for the first time during a day, it is normal to greet them. The main purpose of this greeting is to (1)（ ） a good relationship between the people (2)（ ）, and each language usually has (3)（ ） set phrases that can be used for this purpose. Sometimes, though, there can be considerable (4)（ ） in the type of phrases that can be used, and (5)（ ） misunderstandings can easily arise. The following is a true story. A young British woman went to Hong Kong to work, and at the (6)（ ） of her arrival she knew (7)（ ） about the Chinese culture or language. (8)（ ） her way to school one day, she went to the bank to get some money. To her surprise, the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch before she went to the bank. She was extremely surprised at (9)（ ） question because in the British culture it would be regarded as an indirect (10)（ ） to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also show the young man's interested in (11)（ ） the girl. Since this bank clerk was a complete stranger (12)（ ） the British girl, she was very much surprised. After a moment she answered that she had already eaten quickly. Then she went on her way to her school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the (13)（ ） question. By now she realized that it could not be an invitation, (14)（ ） was confused why they all asked this question. In the following days she was asked the same question again and again, and she spent hours trying to explain (15)（ ） why so many people kept asking her this. (16)（ ）, she came to a conclusion: The people who (17)（ ） inquiring her about the same thing must be concerned about her (18)（ ）. She was somewhat underweight at the time, and so she concluded they must be worrying that she was not (19)（ ） very well! Only much later (20)（ ） that the question had no real sense at all—it was only a greeting. 1.A、build onB、build upC、build outD、build into 2.A、concernB、concerningC、concernedD、to concern 3.A、the number ofB、the amount ofC、an amount ofD、a number of 4.A、differencesB、similaritiesC、likelihoodD、changes 5.A、parentalB、politicalC、culturalD、musical 6.A、instantB、momentC、periodD、time 7.A、everythingB、anythingC、nothingD、something 8.A、InB、ByC、OnD、With 9.A、thatB、suchC、whichD、so 10.A、determinationB、informationC、impressionD、invitation 11.A、phoningB、hopingC、datingD、inviting 12.A、toB、forC、withD、without 13.A、sameB、curiousC、differentD、amused 14.A、andB、thenC、soD、but 15.A、with regardsB、as toC、as ifD、as soon as 16.A、In the endB、In the wayC、In a wayD、At the end 17.A、areB、have beenC、wereD、has been 18.A、cultureB、problemC、salaryD、health 19.A、thinkingB、sleepingC、laughingD、eating 20.A、she discoveredB、she did discoverC、did she discoverD、does she discover

填空题The residential area is surrounded by restaurants and people have to endure the no______ of loud music, particularly disco-type music.

填空题Della wanted to buy Jim something fine and rare —something worthy of the honor of owned by Jim. A. something B. fine and rare C. worthy of D. owned

填空题Between 5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago the Earth was formed, By 3,000 million years ago life had arisen and we have fossils of microscopic bacteria-like creatures to prove it. (66) Nobody knows what happened, but theorists agree that the key was the spontaneous arising of self-replicating entities, i. e. something equivalent to "genes" in the general sense. The atmosphere of the early Earth probably contained gases still abundant today on other planets in the solar system. Chemists have experimentally reconstructed these ancient conditions in the laboratory. If plausible gases are mixed in a flask with water, and energy is added by an electric discharge (simulated lightning), organic sub-stances are spontaneously synthesized. These include the building blocks of RNA and DNA. It seems probable that something like this happened on the early Earth. Consequently, the sea would have become a "soup" of prebiological organic compounds. (67) Today the most famous self-replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widely thought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life because its replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, which could not have been available before evolution itself began. DNA has been described as a" high-tech" molecule which probably arose some time after the origin of life itself. Perhaps the related molecule RNA, which still plays various vital roles in living cells, was the original self-replicating molecule. Or perhaps the primordial replicator was a different kind of molecule altogether. (68) Variants that were particularly good at replication would automatically have come to predominate in the primeval soup. Varieties that did not replicate, or that did so inaccurately, would have become relatively less numerous. This led to ever-increasing efficiency among replicating molecules. As the competition between replicating molecules warmed up, success must have gone to the ones: hat happened to hit upon special tricks or devices for their own self-preservation and their own rapid replication. The rest of evolution may be regarded as a continuation of the natural selection of replicator molecules, now called genes, by virtue of their capacity to build for themselves efficient devices (cells and multicellular bodies) for their own preservation and reproduction. (69) Fossils were not laid down on more than a small scale until the Cambrian era, nearly 600 million years ago. The first vertebrates may date back 530 million years, according to fossil evidence--primitive, lawless fishes with fins, gills, and fish-like muscle patterns--found in China in 1999. Vertebrates appear abundantly in fossil beds between 300 and 400 million years ago. (70) Mammals and, later, birds, arose from two different branches of reptiles. The rapid divergence of mammals into the rich variety of types that we see today, from opossums to elephants, from anteaters to monkeys, seems to have been unleashed into the vacuum left by the catastrophic extinction of the dinosaurs, 65 million years ago.A. Among vertebrates, the land was first colonized by lobe-finned and lung-bearing fish about 250 million years ago, then by amphibians and, in more thoroughgoing fashion, by various kinds of animals that we loosely lump together as reptiles.B. Once self-replicating molecules had been formed by chance, something like Darwinian natural selection could have begun: variation would have come into the population because of random errors in copying.C. It is not enough, of course, that organic molecules appeared in the primeval soup. The crucial step, as noted above, was the origin of self-replicating molecules, molecules capable of copying themselves.D. Although we naturally emphasize the evolution of our own kind--the vertebrates, the mammals, and the primates--these constitute only a small branch of the great tree of life.E. Three thousand million years is a long time, and it seems to have been long enough to have produced such astonishingly complex contrivances as the vertebrate body and the insect body.F. Some time between these two dates--independent molecular evidence suggests about 4,000 million years ago--that mysterious event, the origin of life, must have occurre

填空题[A] Share the Responsibility [B] Keep Your Receipts [C] Cut Bad Habits [D] Balance Your Checkbook [E] Remain Flexible [F] Pay Down Debt [G] Focus on Savings You have a big expense coming up. You need a better car, or a bigger home, or you want to go back to college. What do you do? Borrow, borrow, borrow——right? Well, maybe not. If you"ve created a budget, you know exactly how much money you have coming in, and how much is going out. You can make some plans concerning that big expense. But if you don"t have a budget plan, you probably don"t have a very good picture of your finances, and you may be tempted to borrow more money rather than squeezing all you can from your income. It"s definitely better in the long run——for you and for your money——to have a budget. 41.______ By now, you"ve set up your budget. You know how much money you have. But you could still use some help staying on budget. Here are some tips that can help you stick to your budget and get ahead on that major purchase. Determine the amount of your budget that you can afford to save each month. Have it direct-deposited to your savings account, or to your mutual fund. Wherever you decide to keep your savings, make sure you put money into it every month. That savings will make a big difference for you later. 42. ______ Whether it"s alcohol or tobacco, if you use much of either, you know how expensive bad habits can be. Stop smoking and drinking, and put the beer/cigarette money toward your other expenses. You"ll see your bills come down——and feel your health improve——in no time. You"ll also save on health care expenses down the road, and you may become eligible for lower insurance premiums. 43.______ Make sure you"re not the only member of your household concerned about your budget. If you"re working hard to save money, but your spouse is out spending you into debt, you"re fighting a losing battle. Sit down together and make a plan to determine how much spending money you should each have. Then, check in every week to see how well you"re doing. If the entire family shares the responsibility for the budget, everyone can cut back just a little and make a big difference. One person shouldn"t have to shoulder the entire burden alone. 44.______ If you have credit card debt, you may feel like it"s going to take forever to pay it off. But you can get ahead by choosing one card——ideally, the one with the highest interest rate—— and paying as much as you can on it every month. If you have other cards, pay the minimum balance on those until you"ve paid off the first card. Then, choose the next card and pay extra on it while you pay minimums on the others. If you pay only the minimums on all your cards, you"ll be paying a lot more in interest than you may realize. 45.______ You probably monitored your expenses for several weeks to make a budget. Once the budget is made, though, it can be tempting to stop keeping up with every little expense. But keeping track really can help you stick to your budget. Save your receipts, and write down the places you spend money. You"ll be less likely to overspend if you realize how much money has actually gone through your hands.

填空题 {{U}}Each day, 50, 000 shiny, fire-engine-red Gala apples work the way through a sprawling factory in Swedesboro, N. J.{{/U}} (87) {{U}}Inside, 26 machines wash them, core them, peel them, seed them, slice them, chill them.{{/U}} At the end of the line, (88) {{U}}they are dunked in a solution of calcium ascorbate and now deposited into little green bags featuring a jogging Ronald McDonald.{{/U}} From there, (89) {{U}}the bags make their way in refrigerated trucks to refrigerated containers in distribution centers, then to thousand of McDonald's restaurants up and down the Eastern Seaboard.{{/U}} (90) {{U}}No more than 14 days before leaving the plant, the fruit will take the place of French fries in some child's Happy Meal{{/U}}. The apple slices, called Apple Dippers, are a symbol of how McDonald's is trying to offer healthier food to its customers (91) {{U}}and to answer the many critics who contend that most of its menu is poor nutritional quality.{{/U}} (92) {{U}}McDonald's has also not introduced a variety of "premium" salads, which will soon be joined by a salad of grapes, walnuts--and, of course, apples.{{/U}} (93) {{U}}Yet it still remains to be seen these new offerings will assuage the concerns of public health officials and other critics{{/U}} of McDonald's highly processed fat and calorieladen sandwiches, drinks and fries. (94) {{U}}So far, however, they have not--at least not have entirely.{{/U}} But this much is already clear: just as its staple meals of burger and fries have made McDonald's the largest single buyer of beef and potatoes in the country, (95) {{U}}its new focus on fresh fruits and vegetables is making the company a minor player on $ 80 billion American produce industry.{{/U}}

填空题Please translate the following part into Chinese and write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET．(西安交通大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England"s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685 , as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England"s possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government". Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb"s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison" , that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor"s command.

填空题What he wants to spell out in his book is the corruption of the rich and their ______ desire for more money and power. (satiate)

填空题A. Please tell her to he there on time.B. OK, dear.C. May I speak to Ann, please?D. Well, that's great.E. Who's that (speaking)?F. Can I take a message?G. we are going to plant trees.H. Here you are. Kate: Hello ! (56) Mrs. Read: I'm sorry. Ann isn't here right now. (57) Kate: This is Kate. Mrs. Read: She isn't hack yet. (58) Kate: That's very kind of you. I'm calling to ask her if she is free tomorrow. It's March 12th, Tree Planting Day tomorrow. And (59) Mrs. Read: I think she'll be very glad to join you. Kate: We'll meet at the school gate at 7:00. (60) Mrs. Read: OK. I'll let her know. Kate: Many thanks. Goodbye. Mrs. Read: Goodby

填空题[A] The Need for Science[B] The Methods of Science[C] The Challenge of Unsolved Problems[D] The Specific Features of the Laws of Science[E] The Steps in Establishing a Scientific Theory[F] The Rapid Increase of Scientific Knowledge It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows. He chooses, when he can, the method of the "controlled experiment".41.____________ In the course of his inquiries the scientist may find what he thinks is one common explanation for an increasing number of facts. The explanation, if it seems consistently to fit the various facts, is called a hypothesis. If a hypothesis continues to stand the test of numerous experiments and remains unshaken, it becomes a law.42.____________ The "laws" of science differ from the "laws" of a country in two ways. First, a scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying. This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the "law" would lead one to expect. The "law" may, in fact, have to be abandoned altogether. Second, a scientific "law" says, "This is likely to be the explanation", or "This accounts for the facts as far as we know them". But the "law" of the country says, "You must...' or "You must not..." The scientific "law' has no moral force; it is not binding on human behavior nor approved or opposed by human conscience.43.____________ The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate. The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to diminish, but rather to increase with every new discovery. Fresh unexplored regions are forever opening out. The rapidity of the growth of scientific knowledge, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is apt to give students and teachers the impression that no sooner is a problem stated than the answer is forthcoming. A more detailed study of the history of science corrects the impression that fundamental discoveries are made with dramatic suddenness. Even in our present age no less than fifty years separate the discovery of radioactivity from the explosion of the first atomic bomb. The teacher, giving his brief accounts of scientific discovery, is apt to forget the long periods of misunderstanding, of false hypotheses and general uncertainty, which almost invariably precede the clear statement of scientific truth.44.____________ The vast mass of information which scientists have gained has provided the answer to the fundamental questions which, through the centuries, have puzzled and sometimes tortured the human mind. There are many such questions. The study of parasites has provided evidence that organisms which could be self-supporting have become parasites, but hardly any light has been shed on the problem of why they should have done so. What enables an organism to respond to the poisonous secretions of harmful bacteria and organize its resources to defend its life?...45.____________ To raise the standard of living in any country, two things are required: scientific knowledge, and a population sufficiently educated to understand how to apply it. Without the latter, the expected benefits will not come.Notes: ado麻烦，忙乱。be binding on对......有约束力。parasite 寄生虫。shed light on 使某事物更清楚些。 secretion分泌物。

填空题As you crest a rise on Mississippi's Highway 63, just north of Pascagoula and the Gulf coast, the vista unfolds. A calm brown waterway flows beneath the bridge, interlaced with palm-treed fingers of land; a chaos of water towers, cranes and derricks is revealed in the distance. The near view gives the region its charm; the distant one sustains it. The oil industry and shipbuilding both thrive along the coast. (41) Signal International, a marine-fabrication firm, brought around 500 welders and pipe fitters from India—most of them from the southern state of Kerala, many of whom had laboured in various Arab Gulf states—to work in its shipyards in Pascagoula and Orange, Texas. The workers allege that they paid exorbitant sums to recruiters in India (up to $20,000), who promised them green cards. But once they arrived, they were harassed, intimidated and kept in cramped and isolated conditions. (42) (43) They, like the Indians, were brought to America on H-2B visas, given for temporary employment in non-agricultural fields. Like much of America's rickety immigration system, the H-2B programme draws scorn from all sides. Companies in such industries as forestry and fisheries depend heavily on guest workers. But since 1990 the H-2B has been capped at a paltry 66,000 a year. Even with exemptions for workers who extend their visas, that cap has been hit every year but one. In 2008 American companies requested nearly 294,000 H-2Bs. Unions, for their part, fret that guest workers take jobs from willing Americans, as well as driving down wages and benefits. And immigrant-rights advocates point to the potential for abuse inherent in the programme. (44) Their visas are tied to their jobs, which deters complaint. Mary Bauer, the legal director of the Southern Poverty Law Centre, a civil-rights programme that has represented numerous H-2B plaintiffs (including the Indian workers suing Signal), says that temporary workers appeal to employers because "they cannot work for anybody else. They have to accept any terms imposed on them. They have to borrow a substantial amount of money to get here, and almost anything asked of them they feel obligated to tolerate and do. " Things may be getting better. In February Superior Forestry Service, which provides the forest industry with immigrant workers, agreed to a $2.75m settlement in a suit brought by 2,200 workers who claimed they were short-changed on wages (the company denies malfeasance). (45) It won't make everyone happy, but at least it should make some people a bit less unhappy. A. Although temporary agricultural workers are guaranteed housing, travel expenses, firm hours of work and access to lawyers, H-2B visa-holders are promised only prevailing local wages. B. They are now suing both Signal and the recruiters, who are also being sued by Signal—which claims that they misled the company as well as the workers. C. Furthermore, for American corporations, the more workers from overseas they possess, the more benefits they get. D. But the population has waned, displaced by hurricanes, so companies must look elsewhere for their workers. The results are not always happy ones. E. However, less workers are needed in some corporations, such as forestry and fisheries that have enough staff from immigrants. F. And in December 2009 Bernie Sanders, a senator from Vermont, introduced a bill that would provide guest workers with travel expenses and access to lawyers, regulate foreign recruiters and prevent companies that have massively laid off local staff from hiring immigrants. G. Just west of Pascagoula, in Gulfport, a group of Brazilian welders and pipe fitters have made similar allegations against another marine-fabrication firm.

填空题What is (21) that a teacher most wants in his students? Attentiveness? A good memory? Diligence? Certainly these are the qualities commonly (22) with "good students" in the (23) mind. And certainly, too, these are the qualities that most (24) to teachers' comfort. But the best students I ever had, (25) I remember the most wistfully, was a talkative, lazy day-dreamer. Sometimes he turned assignments in (26) , and a few he never (27) around to doing at all. Actually, my admiration for him was ironic, (28) I have never liked the name Ronald, (29) suggests to me the assumed name of a movie star. But he made one whole year of my (30) experience a delight.

填空题Tom: I'm afraid I can't accept your invitation. Mike: Oh, ______! I'm so sorry.

填空题Marine losses can be divided into ______ and ______.

填空题The biggest(A) problem is that couples assume(B) each other know(C) what si going on with their finances(D),but they don’t.

填空题A.Indeed,suchcollaborationsattheinstitutionallevelmustbeginwithstrongerinteractionbetweentheofficesthathaveoversightofresearchandinternationalaffairs.Universityresearchandinternationalofficescanpartneronincentivesandproceduralchanges(e.g.internationaltravelawards,promotionandtenureguidelinesthatencourageoutreach,etc.)aswellaslobbyfederalagenciestoprovidemorefundingformulti-institutionalcollaborativeprojects.Theseofficescanalsohelpstrategicallymapandforecastemergingresearchfields;identifygapsinexpertise,instrumentation,andresources;findforeignpartnersthatcancomplementinstitutionalprioritiesandstrengths,includingsharingofhigh-technologyequipment;facilitateinterdisciplinaryconnections;andpromotetargeteddomesticandinternationalinstitutional,multidisciplinary,andmultilaterallinkages.B.Forexample,newgenerationinfluenzavaccinesarosefromcollaborationsbetweenUSandJapanesepharmaceuticalcompanies;informationtechnologyandcybersecuritytoolsweredevelopedbytheUSDepartmentofDefensewithinternationalallies;andcleanenergyandlowcarbontechnologiesfromjointworkbyaconsortiumofUSandChineseuniversities,nationallaboratories,andprivatesectorcompanies.C.InorderforUSresearchuniversitiestoremaincompetitiveintoday'sknowledge-and-innovation-drivenglobaleconomy,itisessentialtoexpandresearchandscholarlycollaborationsandforgepartnershipsinternationally.Inrecentyears,thevalueofinternationalcollaborationhasbeenincreasinglyemphasizedbyfederalagencies,includingtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whichnowencouragesmorecross-bordercooperationinscience,technology,andeducation.D.ThedecreaseinUS-basedglobalcollaborationsshouldconcernourscienceandtechnologypolicymakersandinstitutionalleaders.Suchworldlypartnershipsareessentialforproducingthebestscienceandremainingcompetitiveintheglobalscientificcommunity.Anyoneuniversitycannotsustainbroadexpertiseandinfrastructureinalldisciplinaryareas.Inadditiontodomesticcollaborations,transnationalpartnershipscanalsoprovideopportunitiesforgreaterresearchsynergiesandcomplementarities.Thesecollaborationsalsoincreasethebreadthofscientificinquiryandhaveacceleratedthecommercializationofresearcharoundtheglobe.E.Someuniversitiesalreadyoffersuchservices,andthesupporthasresultedinnewinternationalresearchtravelawards,targetedworkshops,intra-institutionalandtransnationalinterdisciplinarycollaborations.Clearly,newuniversityorganizationalandoperationalinstitutionsthatpromoteinternationalcollaborationcanhelpadvanceresearchproductivityandimpact,andareneededtocomplementnationalandinternationalinitiatives.F.However,the2012NSFreporthighlightedsomeconcerns.Asindicatedinthereport,twodirectmeasuresofinternationalcollaborationarecoauthorshipofresearchpublicationswithforeignresearchersandco-patentswithforeigninventors.Overthepastdecade,thenumberofpaperspublishedbyUSresearcherswithinternationalcollaboratorshasremainedrelativelyfiat,increasingonlyat1-2percenteachyear.Furthermore,thetotalnumberofpatentsfiledjointlyunderthePatentCooperationTreatybyUSandforeigninventorsin2010was5,440,a6percentdecreaseovertheprevious3years.G.Withoutadoubt,strongrelationshipsbetweenindividualresearchersarethemostcommonandstrongestindicatorofproductivity.Scientistsidentifycolleagueswithwhomtheywouldliketowork,andthesefriendshipstranslateintolong-termcollaborations,studentexchanges,andscientificandcreativeoutputs.Forexample,amongWSU'stop20researchers,16haveextensiveinternationalcollaborations,with32percentoftheirpeer-reviewedpublicationsbeinginternationallycoauthored.Butuniversitiescanalsoplayabiggerroleinpromotinginternationalresearchpartnerships.Order:

填空题In Chicago, a computerized system has been developed that controls traffic in the city"s seven on expressways now, one man—a controller—can follow the movement of Chicago"s traffic as looking at a set of lights. 1 The system uses electronic sensors that is built into each 2 expressway, half a mile each apart. Several times 3 a second, the computer receives information for each 4 sensor and translates it into green, yellow, or red lights in a map in the control room. 5 A green light means traffic is moving forty-five to sixty miles an hour, yellow means heavy traffic-cars stopping still or moving less than thirty miles an hour. 6 "See that red light near Austin Avenue?" the controller asked a visitor, "That"s a repair truck fix the 7 road, and the traffic has to go near it." 8 At the Roosevelt road entrance to the expressway, the light kept changing from green to red and back to green also. "A lot of trucks get on the expressway 9 there." the controller explained, "They can"t speed forward as fast as cars." 10 The sensors show immediately where an accident or a stopped car is blocking traffic, and a truck is sent by radio to clear the road. The system has lowered accidents by 18 percent. There are now 1.4 deaths on Chicago"s expressways for each one hundred million miles traveled, while nationally there are 2.6.