问答题What is linguistic relativity and why is it so important in linguistic studies? (中山大学2006研)

问答题{{B}}改变市场还是适应市场{{/B}} 身处一个充满着不确定性因素的市场环境，企业是去改变它，还是去适应它?长期以来，这一直是企业管理者所面临的最为关键的企业发展策略选择之一。在某种程度上，这种选择就像是一场赌博。这种选择不仅严酷，而且无法回避，要么去改变市场，要么去适应市场，对大多数企业而言，这两种策略选择都是排它的。如果你想静待不确定性消失而后动，则可能会白白丧失一个获得先发优势的良机。 改变市场和适应市场这两种策略在实践中总表现为不同的形式。一般来讲，市场的改变者往往会通过促使整个行业的行为方式发生变化而控制不确定性。为了做到这一点，有的企业会设法使自己的技术或业务流程成为新的行业标准，另外一些企业会致力于引进创新的产品、服务以及业务系统来重新定义行业竞争的基础，在这一方面，美国西南航空公司采取低价和点到点空运模式，戴尔公司率先实施直销策略等，都是很好的例子：还有一些市场改变者通过大胆的兼并或收购来重组不稳定的行业环境，这方面的例子也不少见。 与市场改变者不同的是，市场适应者总是把现在和未来的行业市场结构和竞争行为当做是已有的外部环境。当市场稳定时，市场适应者试图在现存的行业市场结构之内谋求一个有利的位置。而当不确定性增加时，他们会根据市场的变化借助速度和灵活性来获得机会。一些市场适应者可能会通过及时地紧跟一个潜在的市场领导者的引导来获得市场先机，还有一些市场适应者会通过在产品、服务和业务系统方面进行不断的试验来逐步确定自己的策略。市场适应者采取的另一种办法是，建立一个高度灵活的组织来应对市场的变化，他们不断地招聘和培养成熟的具有管理技能的员工——不管市场如何变化，这样的员工对客户来讲都是有价值的。 企业应该采取改变市场的策略还是适应市场的策略，在很大程度上取决于环境不确定性的程度和性质。简单地讲，当不确定性较高，而企业能对其中的变数施加影响时，改变市场的策略往往奏效；当创造价值的主要因素相对稳定，而相关变数不能为企业所控制时，适应的策略才是应该优先考虑的。 这其中的道理是显而易见的。在一个高度不确定的市场，技术标准正在变化，竞争者出入不定，而消费者也还没有锁定自己喜爱的品牌。这样的市场环境为实施改变市场策略提供了很大的空间，一次大型的兼并，一项果断的技术投资，一个强有力的产品捆绑策略，都很有可能会使混乱的市场竞争格局变得井然有序，而新的市场格局对实施改变市场策略的企业当然是极为有利的。然而，在实践中，当面临着高度不确定的环境时，企业的决策者总是偏向，于采取适应市场的策略。之所以如此，部分原因在于决策者们习惯于依靠波特的五种竞争力框架之类的理论工具来指导决策。对于相对稳定的市场，运用这类理论工具有助于决策者更深刻地洞察未来的市场，然而，面对复杂多变的市场，这类工具却很少能为决策者准确判断未来的市场提供有力的支持。而要想成为一个成功的市场改变者，对未来的市场有一个准确的判断是至关重要的。 应该指出的是，即使是最优秀的企业也不可能在任何情况下都采取改变市场的策略并且获得成功。一个成功的市场改变者必须具备很多品质，如：对未来发展的洞察力、良好的声誉、特定领域的领导地位、一流的技术或创新能力，以及娴熟的商务操作能力等。并非所有的企业都具备这些品质。 企业决策者往往以为，适应市场的策略是一个容易实施的选择。这种想法是错误的。首先，这种想法使得经理人员以为，适应市场的策略并不像改变市场的策略那样需要较强的财务和心理承受力。其实并非如此。对于一个市场的适应者而言，要不断地进行产品服务等方面的试验，还要建立一个灵活的组织，这些都需要极大的财务上和心理上的承受力，其次，这种想法会使经理人员以为，实施适应市场的策略只需消极而不是积极的管理就能成功。其实，一个市场的适应者也必须在捕捉机会、规避风险和业务调整等方面有相当的技巧，而这远不是消极的管理所能做到的。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are a postgraduate student and are going to graduate with a master degree in computer science soon. You find from Beijing Youth Daily that there is a vacancy for engineer. Write a letter of application based on the following outline: 1) introduction about yourself; 2) your education and work experience that qualify you for the job; 3) other necessary information. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Dong" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions：Thereisapicturebelow．Lookatitcarefullyandwriteacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonwhatitconveys．

问答题Please state what a morpheme is and how many types of morphemes there are in English.(10 points)

问答题contour

问答题在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。但令人感到痛心的是，显然有好几百万美国人从来没有想到过自己会是违法者，更不用说是犯罪分子了。他们越来越不把那些旨在保护他们社会的法律条文放在心上。如今，人们随手乱扔垃圾、偷税漏税、发出违禁噪音，以及开车时表现出来的无政状府态，可谓是司空见惯。有时不由使人觉得，藐视法令者竟可代表未来的潮流了。哈佛大学的社会学家戴维里斯曼认为：大多数美国人漫不经心地把犯点所谓的小错误当作是理所当然的。他还认为：今天美国社会道德准则已出现“只有傻瓜才守法的”危险倾向了。

问答题张伯伦

问答题Mode of discourse

问答题Title: The Balance of Ecology

问答题foreshadow

问答题3. A country' s economic prosperity can be reflected in people' s daily life. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons in detail.

问答题Though it is a mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nation's wealth. This class has two segments: upper-upper and lower-upper. Basically, the upper-upper class is the "old rich"— families that have been wealthy for several generations—an aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the public. They live in grand seclusion, drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower-upper class is the "new rich". Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have hustled to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to thumb their noses at the new rich. However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, paintings, and sculpture. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, rub elbows with each other, and marry their own kind—all of which keeps them so aloof from the masses that they have been called out-of-sight class (Fussel, 1983). More than any other class, they tend to be conscious of being members of a class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and aboard, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on Foreign Relations, and control multinational corporations. Their actions affect the lives of millions.

问答题只要你坚持学习英语，你肯定会取得更大进步。

问答题比尔是个成熟的小伙子，不再依赖父母替他做主。

问答题The ship(or the boat, or the like)has been a key symbol in western literature. W. H. Auden holds that there are mainly two views of a ship: as a vessel isolated in the ocean, thus a microcosm of society; and as a vehicle of escape from the shore, thus an image of freedom. Elaborate on the symbolic meaning of the ship/boat, or a boarded floating object in one American or British novel.

问答题Denotation and connotation