填空题{{B}}Passage A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}For Questions 11—15, you will hear an introduction about the life of Chester L. Migden. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only one word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording only once.{{/I}} Name Chester L. Migden Profession ______ 11 Main Contribution Helped to establish the ______ of paying actors for repeat showings of the television programs, feature films and commercials they appear in. 12 Place of Birth New York Place of Death Los Angeles Year of Birth ______ 13 Age of Death ______ 14 Graduate School Columbia Law School Work Experience Staff attorney for the National Labor Relations Board Joining the Screen Actors Guild ______ director of the Association of Talent Agents 15

填空题He agrees to go on a bounty hunt for two cowboys who knife a prostitute in the town of Big Whiskey.

填空题inadequate precious for example fund program auto-deployed explorer install cost robotic unforseeable require picture crew launch demonstrate reason flexibility space expensive Criticism of human space flight comes from many quarters. Some critics point to the high 1 of manned missions. They contend that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has a full slate of tasks to accomplish and that human space flight is draining 2 from more important missions. Other critics question the scientific value of sending people into space. Their argument is that human space flight is a(n) 3 "stunt" and that scientific goals can be more easily and satisfactorily accomplished by 4 spacecraft. But the actual experience of astronauts and cosmonauts over the past 40 years has decisively shown the merits of people as 5 of space. Human capability is required in space to install and maintain complex scientific instruments and to conduct field exploration. These tasks take advantage of human 6 experience and judgment. They demand skills that are unlikely to be automated within the foreseeable future. A program of purely robotic exploration is 7 in addressing the important scientific issues that make the planets worthy of detailed study. Many of the scientific instruments sent into space 8 careful emplacement (放置) and alignment (排列) to work properly. Astronauts have successfully deployed instruments in Earth orbit and on the surface of Earth"s moon. In the case of the 9 telescope, the repair of the originally flawed instrument and its continued maintenance has been ably accomplished by space shuttle 10 on servicing missions. From 1969 to 1972 the Apollo astronauts carefully set up and aligned a variety of experiments on the lunar surface, which provided scientists with a detailed 11 of the moon"s interior by measuring seismic (地震的) activity and heat flow. These experiments operated flawlessly for eight years until shut down in 1977 for fiscal rather than technical 12 . Elaborate robotic techniques have been envisioned to allow the remote emplacement of instruments on planets or moons. 13 , surface rovers could conceivably install a network of seismic monitors. But these techniques have yet to be 14 in actual space operations. Very sensitive instruments cannot tolerate the rough handling of robotics deployment. Thus, the 15 versions of such networks would very likely have lower sensitivity and capability than their human-deployed counterparts do.

填空题At the end of the fifteenth century, celestial navigation was just being developed in Europe, primarily by the Portuguese. Prior to the development of celestial navigation, sailors navigated by "deduced" (or "dead") reckoning, hereafter called DR. This was the method used by Columbus and most other sailors of his era. In DR, the navigator finds his position by measuring the course and distance he has sailed from some known point. Starting from a known point, such as a port, the navigator measures out his course and distance from that point on a chart, pricking the chart with a pin to mark the new position. Each day' s ending position would be the starting point for the next day's course-and-distance measurement. 41._______________________. The ship's speed was measured by throwing a piece of flotsam over the side of the ship. There were two marks on the ship's rail a measured distance apart. When the flotsam passed the forward mark, the pilot would start a quick chant, and when it passed the aft mark, the pilot would stop chanting. The pilot would note the last syllable reached in the chant, and he had a mnemonic that would convert that syllable into a speed in miles per hour. This method would not work when the ship was moving very slowly, since the chant would nm to the end before the flotsam had reached the aft mark. 42.____________________. Columbus was the first sailor (that we know of) who kept a detailed log of his voyages, but only the log of the first voyage survives in any detail. It is by these records that we know how Columbus navigated, and how we know that he was primarily a DR navigator. 43.___________________. If Columbus had been a celestial navigator, we would expect to see continuous records of celestial observations; but Columbus's log does not show such records during either of the transatlantic portions of the first voyage. It has been supposed by some scholars that Columbus was a celestial navigator anyway, and was using unrecorded celestial checks on his latitude as he sailed west on his first voyage. 44.______________________ In other words, if Columbus were a celestial navigator, we would expect to see a sense of small intermittent course corrections in order to stay at a celestially determined latitude. These corrections should occur about every three or four days, perhaps more often. But that is not what the log shows. 45.________________. Only three times does Columbus depart from this course: once because of contrary winds, and twice to chase false signs of land southwest. In none of these cases does he show any desire to return to a celestially-determined latitude . This argument is a killer for the celestial hypothesis. [A] Since DR is dependent upon continuous measurements of course and distance sailed, we should expect that any log kept by a DR navigator would have these records; and this is exactly what Columbus's log looks like. [B] On his return voyage in 1493, Columbus started from Samaria Bay on the north coast of Hispaniola, and he made landfall at Santa Maria Island in the Azores. We know his entire DR courses and distances between these two points, since they're recorded in his log. [C] In order for this method to work, the navigator needs a way to measure his course, and a way to measure the distance sailed. Course was measured by a magnetic compass. Distance was determined by a time and speed calculation: the navigator multiplied the speed of the vessel (in miles per hour) by the time traveled to get the distance. [D] On the first voyage westbound, Columbus sticks doggedly to his magnetic westward course for weeks at a time. [E] Could Columbus has corrected his compasses by checking them against the stars and thus avoids the need for course corrections? This would have been possible in theory, but we know that Columbus could not have actually done this. [F] Speed (and distance) was measured every hour. The officer of the watch would keep track of the speed and course sailed every hour by using a peg-board with holes radiating from the center along every point of the compass. The peg was moved from the center along the course traveled, for the distance made during that hour. After four hours, another peg was used to represent the distance made good in leagues during the whole watch. At the end of the day, the total distance and course for the day was transferred to the chart. [G] In that case, as magnetic variation pulled his course southward from true west, he would have noticed the discrepancy from his celestial observations, and he would have corrected it.

填空题Cashier: Can I take your order?John: ______ Could I have a cheese burger, a small order of fries, and a large Diet Pepsi.

填空题The mechanisms {{U}}at{{/U}} work {{U}}are manifest{{/U}} in the tendency for such physical activity {{U}}to{{/U}} utilize the {{U}}potential{{/U}} harmful constituents of the stress response. A. at B. are manifest C. to D. potential

填空题It is known to everyone that no smoking ______ (permit)in the library．

填空题The southern city soon became ______ as waves d people rushed to it from all parts tithe country. (populated)

填空题I didn"t mind their coming late to the lecture, but I objected their making so much noise .

填空题When we compare men with animals, we must remember that a man is also an animal. But in making this comparison, it is sometimes more convenient to refer to the rest of the animal kingdom as "animals". (1) . Many animals are intelligent in the sense that they can explore their surroundings or acquire new skills by learning from their parents. Animal organisms have organs whose physical power exceeds the power of men. The bodies of men have no wings and cannot fly. Men cannot imitate fish and spend long periods under water unless they carry breathing apparatus with them. (2) . But it is very uncommon for animals to go mad or destroy their own kind. Animals, left to themselves, do not disturb the balance of nature. They do not turn grassland into desert or make water undrinkable by filling whole lakes and rivers with waste materials. Compared with most other organisms—if we see him as a part of nature—man is wasteful and destructive. Though he is more intelligent than animals, he often uses his intelligence for strange purposes. (3) . This power is possessed by the rich businessman in Chicago and the poor, primitive Bushman of the Kalahari Desert in Africa. It may indeed show itself more obviously in the Bushman, whose environment does not provide him with security and whose entire food supply is acquired by facing new situations. It is a power which can be wasted or misused or be weakened through neglect. But it is a power which belongs to every human being. (4) . Language gives depth to human communities in time. It enables one generation to hand on its experience to another, by means of stories, which are the origin of human history. It is only human beings who recognize a past and future, and who feel that they stand at a certain point in the development of their community. (5) . This brings us to another aspect of human intelligence. Man is more adaptable than animals, but in the ages of civilization he has used this power in a special way. A few communities, like the African Bushman, still manage to survive in a primitive way. But other men wish to make their future more secure and try to find a way of doing this, which is typical of civilized communities. A. We call this capacity intelligence. Its chief instrument or weapon is human language, a system of symbols (spoken or written) which enables men to communicate information and purpose, and see one situation in terms of another. The ability to use symbols is not possessed by animals, and it is a major aspect of human intelligence. B. Like animals, men are adapted to a certain environment. They require food and water; they can digest only certain kinds of food. They require warmth; they can survive only within certain limits of temperature. C. Man's sense of future leads him to provide for the future. He accumulates food, clothes, useful objects, raw materials, buildings, information and in modern times he accumulates money—the means of exchange and therefore an important means of power over other men. D. Different from an animal, man is able to convert a natural environment into a human, social environment—an environment which represents the accumulated labor of many generations. E. We cannot say that men are superior to animals. But they differ from animals in several important ways. And all these differences are really aspects of one and the same difference. This central difference is man's unusual mental flexibility, his ability to meet a new situation in a new way and his capacity to learn from his experience and the experience of others. F. It is very doubtful whether men are "superior" to animals. It is true that their responses are more complex. G. Man is concerned about his living environment. The discoveries of science and the inventions of technology have produced an environment which is almost equivalent to a second, outer shell of body and is adapted not only to local conditions but also to a very wide range of variations in climate, altitude and other features of the geographical surroundings.

填空题Rub shoulders with the guy.

填空题rhetoric

填空题[A] How to understand generosity[B] One way is to stick to your words[C] The true essence of generosity[D] Being generous needs thoughts[E] Never use generosity as a disguise[F] Small things reflect more The word "gift" has got dangerously devalued of late. Salesmen use so-called free gifts as bait and publicists use them as bribes; the wealthy can make "gifts" to their children, or to charities, with no more noble motive than saving tax. 41. ________________________ We need to claim the word back this Christmas. We also need to claim back the word "generous": which too often gets used in the senses of over-large portions of food, hotel towels, the size of sheets, or women spilling out of their dresses. For generosity--the ability to make real gifts with modesty and love, expecting nothing back--is one of the things which most make us human. You do not find pigs or lions giving ,one another thoughtful little presents, do you? Monkeys, apparently, offer one another fleas at times, but not in any provable spirit of kindliness. We should honor generosity more than we do. 42. __________________ Perhaps it has become suspect because of the tales of over-the-top generosity sometimes told in gossip about the very rich. The late Christina Onassis giving her daughter a personal zoo and a flock of sheep with their own shepherd, for instance ; assorted tycoons flying their guests halfway round the world for birthday parties where there is an emerald bracelet or cufflinks on every place-setting. In this context, generosity has come to mean that you hurl money around like a drunken sailor. And there is always the suspicion that, like the sailor, you are doing it just to prove that you can afford it. That is not giving: that is showing off. 43. __________________ But the real thing, when you meet it, is magical, and as a quality it belongs equally to rich and poor. Sometimes the poor--like the widow in the Bible who gave her mite--are best at it. Travelers in remote parts, from Poland to Peru, come home with stories of bread, shelter, even beds shared without question with the stranger on the peasant principle that "A guest in the house is God in the house". Nearer home, I loved the stories collected in memory of Katie Sullivan, the 23-year-old mental home care; assistant who was murdered last year. Particularly the one about the day she was walking to the pub, and lagged behind, and her student friends caught a glimpse of her emptying her whole purse into a tramp's hands when she thought they weren't looking. Later in the pub they teased her about not drinking, trying to make her admit what she had done; but she steadfastly pretended she didn't want a drink. 44. __________________ Tact is the key to real generosity: tact, and real thought for the person you are giving the present to. You can buy anyone a picture by a fashionable and expensive artist, if you can afford it; but it might be kinder to spend a tenth of the amount--and a bit of trouble on getting the framed original of a cartoon you know has cheered them up at a bad time. Anyone can buy a man a gold watch; but it takes a generous wife to do what one lately did, and track down an antique gold strap which precisely fits the old one he inherited from his beloved father. 45. __________________ In the Agatha Christie novel The Hollow, Henrietta displays remarkable kindness towards a shy unintellectual woman who isn't fitting in to a sparkling house party. Greta is wearing a dreadful cardigan she knitted herself; Henrietta not only praises it, but asks for the pattern. Having got the pattern, moreover, she heroically knits the dreadful thing and wears it herself next time she meets Greta. That is what I call follow-through. So is the wedding present a friend got from a broke but domestic sister-in-law : she promised to bake her a loaf of special, delicious whole meal bread every week for the first year of her marriage, and did so.

填空题Modernist writers such as James Joyce and Virginia Wolf approached the internal world of characters in their novels by the technique of "stream of consciousness" which means______.

填空题As well as taking up good growing space，these weeds ______ the flowers for light，moistures and nutrients．这些野草不但跟花争土地，而且跟花争阳光、水分和营养。

填空题A. lights B. protect C. in the dark Phrases: A. sit at home 1 B. turn off all non-essential 2 C. passed a law to 3 the sea I"m a big fan of trying to save the environment, and this month is the WWF ( World Wide Fund for Nature) annual Earth Hour. Earth Hour is an event where you 4 and power between 8-9 pm, things like your TV and computer. However, you don"t just 5 for an hour. Instead, people gather in groups and have fun without using power. Things like dancing, fireworks and musical performances are popular and it"s very fun to take part. Earth Hour isn"t just about saving energy; people involved in Earth Hour have also planted a forest in Uganda, built solar panels in India and 6 in Argentina.