问答题The Theory of Continental Drift has had a long and turbulent history since it was first proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1910. (46)Vigorously challenged yet widely ignored, the theory had languished for half a century, primarily due to its lack of a plausible mechanism to support the proposed drift. With the discovery of sea-floor spreading in the late 1950's and early 60's, the idea was reinvigorated. Plate tectonics is now almost universally accepted. Many details of the mechanism are to be worked out. The surface of the Earth is divided into approximately six large plates, plus a number of smaller ones. The plates are bounded by an interconnected network of ridges, transform faults, and trenches. Ridges, also called spreading centers, occur where two plates are moving away from each other. As the plates separate, hot molten mantle material flows up to fill the void. (47) The increased heat resulting from this flow reduces the density of the plates, causing them to float higher, thus elevating the boundaries by many thousands of feet above the colder surrounding sea floor. (48) Ridges on the ocean floor form the longest continuous ranges of mountains on the planet, but only in a very few places on the Earth do these mountains rise above the ocean surface. New sea floor is constantly being created along spreading centers. Obviously somewhere else old sea floor must be going away. This occurs in trenches, also called subduction zones. Trenches occur along the boundary between two plates that are moving towards each other. (49) Where this occurs, one plate is bent downwards at about a 40o angle and plunges under the other plate's leading edge, eventually to melt back into the liquid mantle below. As the suhducting plate is heated back up to mantle temperatures, certain minerals in the plate melt sooner than others. (50) Minerals that melt at lower temperatures and are lighter than the surrounding material tend to rise, melting their way up through the overriding plate to erupt as volcanoes on the ocean floor. As these volcanoes grow, they rise above the ocean surface to form lines of islands along the leading edge of the overriding plate. Numerous islands of Micronesia and Melanesia in the western Pacific were created in this way.

问答题inflectional morpheme vs. derivational morpheme

问答题希望你们立即调查此事，并告诉我们延误的原因。

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200wordsinwhichyoushould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题bound morpheme（上海交大2007研)

问答题奥巴马获诺贝尔和平奖引发争议 巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)昨日荣膺诺贝尔和平奖，此时距离他就任美国总 统只有263天。这一决定更多地是褒奖其承诺而非成就，这在全世界范围内同时引发了 赞扬和怀疑。 诺贝尔委员会称赞奥巴马“为增强国际外交及各国人民间的合作做出了非凡的努 力”，同时赞扬了他在推动无核化方面那些尚显稚嫩的努力以及与阿拉伯世界建立联系 的举动。奥巴马表示，他对于挪威诺贝尔委员会的决定感到“意外和惭愧”，同时补充 称，他感到不配跻身于先前获得该奖项的“历史改革人物”之列。 然而，这个奖金为140万美元的奖项也被视为对奥巴马某种形式的挑战。批评者辩 称，奥巴马迄今未能在外交政策上获得明显的成功。 奥巴马获奖令白宫感到意外。在被一家美国媒体要求就此消息予以置评时，白宫发 言人罗伯特·吉布斯(Robert Gibbs)用电子邮件只回复了一个字：“哇!” 授予奥巴马诺贝尔和平奖的决定受到了世界各国领导人的欢迎。刚刚连任德国总理 的安吉拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)表示，奥巴马使国际外交的基调向着对话的方向 迅速改变。她表示：“仍有很多事情要做，但可能性的窗口已经开启。” 但有其他人也对该决定颇有微词：奥巴马迄今未能在中东问题上获得任何突破，也 并没有阻止伊朗的核计划，而且还可能很快为阿富汗战争增兵数千人。 曾获得诺贝尔和平奖的波兰前总统列赫·瓦文萨(Lech Walesa)表示，授予这位 48岁的美国总统诺贝尔和平奖为时尚早。“谁，奥巴马?这么快?就目前而言，奥巴马 只是提出了建议。但有时诺贝尔委员会授予该奖项是为了鼓励人们采取负责任的行动。”

问答题Directions: Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should 1) describe the table, and 2) give your comments. You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. Underground Railway System City Date opened Kilometers of route Passengers per year (in million) Los Angeles 2001 28 50 Kyoto 1981 11 45 Washington DC 1976 126 144 Tokyo 1927 155 1927 Paris 1900 199 1191 London 1863 394 775

问答题据说他一直在学英语。

问答题face validity (南开大学2011年研)

问答题Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. (111) But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in gene therapy and protein-targeted drags, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease. From an economic standpoint, the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. (112) Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed, short term therapies now being developed. By 2050 there will be fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma (外伤). Spending on nonacute (慢性病的) care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death. One result of medicine's success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy. (113) The extent of that increase is a highly, speculative matter, but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest growing segment of the population. Between 1960 and 1995, the U. S. population as a whole increased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300%. (114) There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago. U. S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million in 2050, compared with 37, 000 in 1990. (115) Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year 2050, some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120 years. With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process, that limit could rise to 130 years or more.

问答题Unwanted sound, or noise, such as that produced by airplanes, traffic, or industrial machinery, is considered a form of pollution.

问答题汽车单双号限行

问答题The fame of great men ought to be judged always by the means they used to acquire it.

问答题Dreams can make us aware of things we have missed during the day because we are too busy to notice them.

问答题Nathaniel Hawthorne

问答题What is sense and what is reference? How are they related?

问答题For years American conversation about Iraq has included a refrain about how we cannot expect to create a Jeffersonian democracy on the Euphrates. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The warning is true: if you think about it, America itself is not really a Jeffersonian democracy either; however, Jefferson keeps coming to mind as the events in Iran unfolds{{/U}}. The events there seem to be a chapter in the very Jeffersonian story of the death of theocracy, or rule by clerics, and the gradual separation of church and state. In one of the last letters of his life, in 1826, Jefferson said this of the Declaration of Independence: {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}"May it be to the world what I believe it will be, the signal of arousing men to burst the chains, under which monkish ignorance and superstition had persuaded them to bind themselves."{{/U}} However strong they may be for a time, religions authorities cannot finally survive modernity.{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}And this is because one of the key features of modernity is the shift of emphasis from the privileges and power of institutions to the rights and relative autonomy of the individual.{{/U}} In many ways, the modem virtues are the ones we associate with democracy: a flee flow of ideas, capital and people in an ethos in which men and women are free to form their own opinions and follow the dictates of their own consciences. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}By their very nature, religious authorities are at risk in the face of such a world, for they are founded on an un-modern and undemocratic idea.{{/U}} To say that religious authorities are doomed is not to argue that religion is any less important in our age. Quite the opposite! Religious faith is an intrinsic element of human experience, and religion can be the undoing of a religious establishment, for an individual's interpretation of the applications of faith to politics may well differ from the institutional interpretation. There is a deep irony at work here. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Religious authorities usually command the teaching of religion, but the teaching of religion can lead not to uniform public belief but to a questioning of orthodoxy, which is always a favorite activity of a new generation.{{/U}} The products of one world often react against the world of their parents, and yesterday's outsiders are today's insiders. The promise of theocracy has to go unfulfilled, for no one can bring sacred order to profane chaos.

问答题The Egyptians first discovered that drying fruit preserved it, made it sweeter, and improvement its flavor.

问答题Passage Two NATIONS, like people, occasionally get the blues; and right now the United States, normally the world's most self-confident place, is glum. Eight out of ten Americans think their country is heading in the wrong direction. The hapless George Bush is partly to blame for this: his approval ratings are now sub-Nixonian. But many are concerned not so much about a failed president as about a failing nation. One source of angst is the sorry state of American capitalism ( see article). The" Washington consensus" told the world that open markets and deregulation would solve its problems. Yet American house prices are falling faster than during the Depression, petrol is more expensive than in the 1970s, banks are collapsing, the euro is kicking sand in the dollar's face, credit is scarce, recession and inflation both threaten the economy, consumer confidence is an oxymoron and Belgians have just bought Budweiser, "America's beer". And it's not just the downturn that has caused this discontent. Many Americans feel as if they missed the boom. Between 2002 and 2006 the incomes of 99% rose by an average of 1% a year in real terms, while those of the top 1% rose by 11% a year; three-quarters of the economic gains during Mr Bush's presidency went to that top 1%. Economic envy, once seen as a European vice, is now rife. The rich appear in Barack Obama's speeches not as entrepreneurial role models but as modern versions of the "malefactors of great wealth" denounced by Teddy Roosevelt a century ago: this lot, rather than building trusts, avoid taxes and ship jobs to Mexico. Globalisation is under fire: free trade is less popular in the United States than in any other developed country, and a nation built on immigrants is building a fence to keep them out. People mutter about nation-building beginning at home: why, many wonder, should American children do worse at reading than Polish ones and at maths than Lithuanians? Abroad, America has spent vast amounts of blood and treasure, to little purpose. In Iraq, finding an acceptable exit will look like success; Afghanistan is slipping. America's claim to be a beacon of freedom in a dark world has been dimmed by Guant Namo, Abu Ghraib and the flouting of the Geneva Conventions amid the panicky "unipolar" posturing in the aftermath of September 11th. Now the world seems very multipolar. Europeans no longer worry about American ascendancy. The French, some say, understood the Arab world rather better than the neoconservatives did. Russia, the Gulf Arabs and the rising powers of Asia scoff openly at the Washington consensus. China in particular spooks America and may do so even more over the next few weeks of Olympic medal-gathering. Americans are discussing the rise of China and their consequent relative decline; measuring when China's economy will be bigger and counting its missiles and submarines has become a popular pastime in Washington. A few years ago, no politician would have been seen with a book called "The Post-American World". Mr Obama has been conspicuously reading Fareed Zakaria's recent volume. America has got into funks before now. In the 1950s it went into a Sputnik-driven spin about Soviet power; in the 1970s there was Watergate, Vietnam and the oil shocks; in the late 1980s Japan seemed to be buying up America. Each time, the United States rebounded, because the country is good at fixing itself. Just as American capitalism allows companies to die, and to be created quickly, so its political system reacts fast. In Europe, political leaders emerge slowly, through party hierarchies; in America, the primaries permit inspirational unknowns to burst into the public consciousness from nowhere. Still, countries, like people, behave dangerously when their mood turns dark. If America fails to distinguish between what it needs to change and what it needs to accept, it risks hurting not just allies and trading partners, but also itself:

问答题List several methods of calculating weight of the goods.