问答题Directions:Writeareportforauniversitylecturerto1.describethepictureandshowyourunderstanding2.giveyourcomment,and3.presentyousuggestionsYoushouldneatlywrite160--200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题 6 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian"s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 7 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 8 During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 9 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method", frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy". Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 10 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

问答题Directions:Your son kicked his ball through your neighbor's window. Write a letter to tell your neighbor 1) your regret at hearing the news, 2) your intention to compensate for the damage, 3) your apology.You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible.

问答题Thereisapicturebelow.Lookatitcarefullyandwriteacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonwhatitconveys.

问答题What is your understanding of Relevance Theory? (南开大学2009研)

问答题This is an explosive situation for any industry，particularly a declining one．Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers．Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers．But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that SO many former buyers are complaining about． If it did，it would open up its diversity program，now focused narrowly on race and gender，and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook，values，education，and class．

问答题大多数人所从事的工作或多或少都和计算机有联系，但是，目前大量的工作计算机无法完成。例如，计算机不能做手术，也不能驾驶汽车，但计算机可以帮助从事这些职业的人。实际上，计算机的确可以帮助包括从建筑师到邮政人员在内每一个人，可是没有哪一个计算机的程序可以像人脑那样运行。即便如此，还是有人想编写出一种程序，好让计算机有类似人类的思维。这些人已经取得了一些令人瞩目的成就。有些计算机下棋的水平超过了常人。在一场象棋比赛中，计算机甚至战胜了世界冠军。

问答题你越是努力学习英语，你的英语就会说的越好。

问答题Within a few short years, girl in Europe have become heavier smokers than boys, for reasons experts still fail to understand (passage 1)

问答题Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over 1 billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.

问答题CAL

问答题教育改革关键在于实现教育公平 目前，我国教育仍存在诸多问题，主要表现为教育投入、办学条件、投资力量城乡和地区之间差距大：进城务工的农民工子女上学困难；相当部分贫困学生难以承受高中和大学的学费；地区之间高等教育的入学机会存在明显差距。以上问题的根源在于教育的不公平。 教育公平是社会公平的基础，是建设社会主义和谐社会的客观要求。总书记指出：要坚定不移地实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略。切实把教育放在优先发展的地位，推进教育事业的全面协调可持续发展，努力把我国建设成人力资源强国，为全面建设小康社会和实现中华民族的伟大复兴提供强有力的人才和人力资源保证。因此，各级政府和各部门必须站在全面建设小康社会和建设社会主义和谐社会的高度，以科学的发展观和正确的政绩观为指导，提高对教育公平的重视，采取有效措施来解决教育公平问题。 实现教育公平首先政府应当首当其冲，担当起责任。逐步增加公共财政对教育事业的支持力度，充分发挥政府的调节资源配置职能，公平地分配教育资源，尤其对贫困落后地区要做适当的政策倾斜，改变其办学条件差，师资力量薄弱的现状，实现教育质量公平。同时，政府要加大对教育管理的监督力度，把教育公平纳入政府绩效考核体系．加强政府教育问责制度建设。 其次，要改革现有的教育体制。取消重点校，改革高考的招考制度统一试卷、统一分数线、统一分专业，打破高考的户口、身份和地区界限。使广大考生拥有同等接受教育的机会，实现教育机会公平。 第三，加强和完善教育立法。要进一步加强和完善教育立法，用法律来保障教育公平的实现。进行高校管理制度、收费制度、贷款和还款制度、办学评估制度改革。针对教育领域存在的问题，用法律给予调整和规范。坚决打击教育领域的各种违法犯罪活动，坚决纠正各种教育收费不规范和乱收费行为。用法治精神确保教育公平的实现。 第四，建立教育社会救济制度，让贫困学生上得起学。政府一方面主动建立救济资金，另一方面鼓励企事业单位、社会组织和公众个人对贫困学生进行捐资助学。通过奖学金、助学金和贷学金等各种形式，对贫困家庭学生实行减收、免收学费和进行生活补贴，来解决贫困家庭子女和农民工子女上学问题。 第五，建立教育公平督导、监测和报告制度。定期进行教育信息公开披露。指定专门机构和人员，组织调查和检测教育公平的现状、变化和影响因素，协调相关部门督导和评价各级政府部门推进教育公平情况，定期向社会公布督导和评价结果。 教育是一个民族最根本的事业，涉及千家万户，惠及子孙后代，关系到国家的命运，关系到民族的长治久安，关系到广大人民的根本利益。在构建社会主义和谐社会中起到关键作用。消除歧视，建立教育公平是建立社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。孔子说；“有教无类”。只有实现公平才能有真正意义上的和谐局面，才能保证国民经济快速、持久的发展。

问答题 The middle classes have always been the defense wall of society. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Aristotle believed they were democracy's secret weapon-the protectors of social values, the moderators of political extremism, and believers in a society run by laws instead of by strongmen.{{/U}} They have also been the engines of economic growth, setting the stage centuries ago for the expansion of capitalism and global trade, and continuing through the ages to snap up every new gadget in sight. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Now, with the Western middle classes sinking into debt and distress, many economists look to a new emerging-market middle class as the potential foundation for a new age of global safety and prosperity.{{/U}} As large developing nations became more prosperous, it was always assumed that they would become more like the suburbs of Washington or London-liberal, democratic, market-friendly bastions not only of Western-style consumerism but also of political liberty. With time and wealth, "they" would become just like "us." The truth is that "they" are not becoming just like "us." {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The global middle class is rising faster than expected, in numbers and in wealth, but converging incomes are not yielding shared values{{/U}}. The emerging bourgeoisie is a patchwork of contradictions: clamorous but rarely confrontational politically, supporters of globalization yet highly nationalistic, proud of their nations' upward mobility yet insecure and fearful they will fall back, fiercely individualistic but reliant on government subsidies, and often socially conservative. Many of the aspiring elite seem willing to let the powers that be-whether authoritarian governments or elected ones-call the shots as long as they deliver the spoils of growth. It's also worth remembering that the new middle classes are psychologically driven by an odd mix of pride and insecurity. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Close to 30 percent of Brazil's new middle class owes its livelihood to the informal market, where income is irregular, safety nets are nonexistent, and opportunity for entrepreneurship is limited{{/U}}. Many have borrowed their way to higher living standards, one reason perhaps that 53 percent say they live in fear of unemployment, loss of income, or even bankruptcy. They have benefited from the explosion of private schools but have seen the overall quality of education plummet, eroding one of the classic middle-class paths to social mobility. {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Indeed, some development economists argue that the poor will be a greater force for social change, but their ability to become a force for better government, greater freedoms, less corruption, and more economic liberty is much less certain.{{/U}} "They" have a very long way to go before becoming "us."

问答题Comedy of manners

问答题"I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense." Virginia Woolf"s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs Valloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditionally picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirical and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics" cavalier dismissal of Woolies social vision will not withstand scrutiny. In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped ( or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people"s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people"s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time. Woolf"s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satirical or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their social and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. ( Her Writer"s Diary notes: "the only honest people are the artists," whereas "these social reformers under the disguise of loving their kind...") Woolf detested what she called "preaching" in fiction, too and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method. Woolf"s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for reader"s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating beating witness: here is the satirist"s art. Woolf"s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore." Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch—a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic. Questions: