问答题The magnitude of the problem of disappearing species, viewed worldwide, dwarfs resources currently available to address it. By the end of the century, experts predict, one species will be lost every hour. Faced with shrinking budgets and accelerating extinction rates, environmental managers agonize over which species to save. (1) Different criteria for placing value on species--ecological, economic, aesthetic, cultural--compete with one another, and controversy abounds. One proposal for sidestepping direct debates about the value of species is to adopt a system of triage, which takes its name from the French policy of sorting wartime casualties into three categories for medical treatment: those with superficial wounds that do not require immediate attention; those with wounds too serious to make treatment efficacious; and those in the middle range, having serious but treatable wounds. Once the issue is formulated in this manner, it seems obvious that efforts toward species preservation are best concentrated in the third category. (2) Scarce funds and energies should be targeted at saving those species that are both in need of saving and susceptible to being saved. But the most arresting formulation of an issue is not always the most illuminating one; (3) it will be useful to stand back from the triage formulation (三级分类法), which casts the problem of setting priorities as one of sorting species into categories, and ask whether there are other, more fruitful ways to look at the problem. The endangered species problem is not a single problem. It is more accurately seen as four closely related problems: what should be done when a species' population becomes so depleted as to threaten its continued existence; (4) what should be done to keep relatively healthy populations from declining and thereby falling into the threatened category; how to avert, or at least slow, the predicted and potentially cataclysmic reduction of biological diversity over the next few decades; and how to slow the trend toward conversion of natural systems to intense human use? In the triage formulation the priorities problem is most naturally associated with the first question, because it considers threats to individual species. (5) Once threatened, species require management initiatives designed to protect and nurture them, individually. But the goal of protecting biological diversity should not be reduced to the goal of protecting remnant populations of threatened species. If one thinks about the endangered species problem in this way, there is a tendency to treat it as merely a problem of protecting genetic diversity, with each species regarded as a repository for a set of genes.

问答题Sense relation of words.

问答题Explain the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are an English teacher and you intend to work part-time during your vocation. Write a letter of application for a post you would like. Your letter should include: 1) Telling how you learned the news and show your desire to get the position. 2) Describe your education background and working experience. 3) Express your wish to have an interview opportunity. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题At seven o'clock each morning a bell sounds in the red brick buildings on the steep bank of the Hudson River at Ossining, New York. As it rings, an entire, separate town of some 2300 persons comes to life. It is the prison town of Sing Sing, a world of men who are confined but also living, working, playing—and hoping Sing Sing is a town that lives on hope. The seven o'clock bell is the signal for Sing Sing's 1748 inmates and 514 man staff to begin another round of duties. The prisoners rise, wash and dress. They make up their narrow beds army-style and make certain that the objects on their dressers are regulation neat. By 7:15, when guards come along the runways to unlock the individual cells, the men are ready. They file slowly to the mess hall, failing into step along the way with friends and acquaintances. Each man grabs a tray and gets a breakfast of oatmeal with milk and sugar, bread, and coffee; he takes his seat at one of the long rows of eating benches, places the tray before him, and begins his breakfast. So starts the day in Sing Sing. Breakfast over, the men file from the mess hall and under the watchful eyes of guards, drop their eating utensils into boxes provided at the doors. At five minutes to eight they go outside in a long, chattering line down to the cluster of prison workshops. The prison has a dual function: it has its own permanent population, but it also serves as a receiving station for the great flow of prisoners from New York City. Here they come to be examined, screened, and eventually transferred to upstate institutions. For the first two weeks, the new arrival is put through a series of mental, physical, and psychological examinations and given courses to prepare him for prison life. In each batch of new prisoners there are hardened men for whom prison can serve just one function—to remove them form society and keep them from doing further harm. But in each batch there are also those who can be helped and encouraged and turned into law-abiding citizens. It is toward these that most of the effort at the prison is directed. Sing Sing is a school, hospital, and factory as well as a prison. If initial tests show that a man is illiterate, he goes to the prison school to receive the equivalent of an eighth-grade education. If he needs medical treatment, he is sent to the prison hospital. If he shows some special aptitude, or appears capable of learning a trade, he is assigned to a regular job in one of the shops. The shops cover a wide range of activities. A man may be assigned to the printshop to learn the printer's trade, or to the neighboring machine shop, where a twelve-month course turns raw trainees into good auto mechanics, Many of the prisons "graduates," incapable of earning an honest living before now support themselves on the good wages they make as skilled workers. The shops are busy until 11:40 a. m., when the men straggle up the slope to the mess hall for dinner. In the afternoons some men go back to the shops. Others may meet and talk with relatives in the prison's visiting room. Athletes may spend hours running and drilling on the basketball court. The day's work ends at 3:30, giving the men more than an hour of relative freedom before the supper whistle sounds at 4:40. With the evening meal, the day ends. The men go directly from the mess hall to their cell blocks and are locked in for the night. Each cell is equipped with a Set of radio headphones tuned into programs sent over the prison circuit. A prisoner may read one of the well-thumbed volumes from the prison library, which circulates about 36,000 volumes a year, or he may work, as many inmates do, on a correspondence course to improve his chances of making a living when he gets out. Lights go out at ten o'clock. This routine does not vary greatly, for any of Sing Sing's inmates. "We run the prison like a city of eighteen hundred people, only of course with a lot more police," says Warden Wilfred I. Denno. "Anything you couldn't do on the outside, you can't do on the inside. You can't fight, you can't abuse an officer, you can't steal. If you do, you'll be punished. We hold court twice a week and try to make the punishment fit the crime." This code is impressed on the prisoner from the start, it underlies his every move on every day he spends in Sing Sing. He is faced with clear alternatives. If he misbehaves, he received punishment in the form of restricted privileges or even strict confinement. In one typical week there were only five infractions of prison rules, most of which were minor. One man was reprimanded for not reposing to work on time, one for creating a disturbance by trying to shove his way into the mess-hall line ahead of those already waiting. In three weeks of reports there was only one case of serious, outright rebellion against prison discipline. An inmate who was to be released in a month suddenly refused to follow an officer's order. He was promptly placed in segregation for the rest of his prison term. There are no dark holes or bread-and-water routines at Sing Sing in segregation, the cells and the food are the same as in the rest of the prison. But a man's movements are restricted. He is kept locked in his cell, isolated from his fellows, and cannot go to the movies or to the commissary. If a prisoner behaves, he accumulates "good time," an important source of hope for most prisoners. Good time is the time by which, through his own good conduct, a prisoner may reduce his minimum sentence. Good behavior earns a man ten days good time a month. So a prisoner facing a three-to-six-year term would be able to appear before the parole board for possible release at the end of two years. Release then is not automatiC. The parole board must consider many other factors. All that good time does is to guarantee a prisoner the right to appear before the parole board earlier than he other wise could. The real importance of good time is that it gives a prisoner the one hope that stirs all Sing Sing—the hope of earlier parole, the hope of freedom. A prisoner has to hope, "Once you take away a man's hope, you make a bitter man." Warden Denno says. That is the problem of Sing Sing: to punish and yet avoid the deprivation of hope that can make an imprisoned man more desperate, mere vengeful, and a greater menace to society.

问答题The term "Ice Age" may give a wrong impression. (46) The epoch that spanned the 1.5 to 2.0 million years prior to the current geologic epoch was not one long continuous process, but a period of fluctuating climate with ice advances interrupted by times of climate not very different from the climate experienced now. Ice sheets that derived from an ice cap centered on northern Scandinavia reached southward to Central Europe. And beyond the margins of the ice sheets, climatic oscillations affected most of the rest of the world; for example, in the deserts, periods of wetter conditions (pluvials) contrasted with drier, interpluvial periods. (47) Although the time involved is so short, about 0.04 percent of the total age of the Earth, the amount of attention devoted has been incredibly large, probably because of its immediacy, and because the epoch largely coincides with the appearance on Earth of humans and their immediate ancestors. There is no reliable way of dating much of the Ice Age. Geological dates are usually obtained by using the rates of decay of various radioactive elements found in minerals. Some of these rates are suitable for very old rocks but involve increasing errors when used for young rocks; others are suitable for every young rocks and errors increase rapidly in older rocks. Most of the Ice Age spans a period of time for which no element has as appropriate decay rate. (48) Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch (更新世)have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of such geological events. For example, an early classification of Alpine glaciation suggested the existence there of four glaciations. (49) This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to these periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in ice beds. Yet this succession was forced willy-nilly onto the glaciated parts of Northern Europe, where there are partial successions of true glacial ground moraines and interglacial deposits, with hopes of ultimately piecing them together to provide a complete Pleistocene succession. Eradication of the Alpine nomenclature is still proving a Herculean task. There is no conclusive evidence about the relative length, complexity, and temperatures of the various glacial and interglacial periods. We do not know whether we live in a postglacial period or an interglacial period. The chill truth seems to be that we are already past the optimum climate of postglacial time. (50) Studies of certain fossil distributions and of certain temperate plants suggest decreases of a degree or two in both summer and winter temperatures and, therefore, that we may be in the declining climatic phase leading to the Ice Age and extinction.

问答题Directions: Your friend Xiao Wen failed the job interview of a large enterprise. Write a letter to her with the following information. 1) words of comforting; 2) encouragement; and 3) your advice. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in death and taxes.

问答题零排放

问答题酸雨

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Thechartbelowshowsthechangesofconsumerindexinacertaincountryfrom1930to1980.Studythechartcarefullyandwriteanessayto1)describethetrendofconsumptionasrevealedinthechart,2)explainthepossiblereasonunderliningthistrend,and3)giveyourcomment.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsonAnswerSheetⅡ.

问答题Directions: According to the given information, you are required to write a composition entitled The Importance of Humor in about 100 words. The composition is required to be written on the Answer Sheet. 1．幽默有益身心健康； 2．幽默能带给周围的人欢乐； 3．如何培养幽默感。

问答题How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguistic system?

问答题3)The Campus Fiction(3 points)

问答题Concord(or; Agreement)(武汉大学2008研；中山大学2008研)

问答题The botanical garden program familiarizes children with names of different flowers, teaches them the conventions of naming plants, and they have the opportunity to learn skills used by gardeners.

问答题提示：Mary与Bill不期而遇，邀请他一起吃晚饭。但Bill当晚7点要去北京，下周一回来。Mary让Bill回来后给她打电话。

问答题Directions:Writeacompositionofatleast150wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Youshoulddescribethepicture,giveyouropiniononthetopic,andusespecificreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourself.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.