问答题I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate. Since scientific method depends upon first-hand experimental controlled experiences, any philosophic application of the scientific point of view will emphasize the need of such experiences in the school, as over against mere acquisition of ready-made information that is supplied in isolation from the students' own experience. So far, it will be in line with what is called the "progressive" movement in education. But it will be an influence in counteracting any tendencies that may exist in progressive education to slight the importance of continuity in the experiences that are had and the importance of organization. Unless the science of education on its own ground and behalf emphasizes subject-matters which contain within themselves the promise and power of continuous growth in the direction of organization, it is false to its own position as scientific. In cooperation with a philosophy of education, it can lend invaluable aid in seeing to it that the chosen subject-matters are also such that they progressively develop toward formation of attitudes of understanding the world in which students and teachers live and toward forming the attitudes of purpose, desire and action which will make pupils effective in dealing with social conditions. Another point of common interest concerns the place in the schools of the sciences, especially the place of the habits which form scientific attitudes and methods. The sciences had to battle against powerful enemies to obtain recognition in the curriculum. In a formal sense, the battle has been won, but not yet in a substantial sense. For scientific subject- matter is still more or less isolated as a special body of facts and truths. The full victory will not be won until every subject and lesson is taught in connection with its bearing upon creation and growth of the kind of power of observation, inquiry, reflection and testing that are the heart of scientific intelligence. Experimental philosophy is at one with the genuine spirit of a scientific attitude in the endeavor to obtain for scientific method this central place in education. Finally, the science and philosophy of education can and should work together in overcoming the split between knowledge and action, between theory and practice, which now affects both education and society so seriously and harmfully. Indeed, it is not too much to say that institution of a happy marriage between theory and practice is in the end the chief meaning of a science and a philosophy of education that work together for common ends.

问答题1) express your gratitude 2) show your appreciation of the good days you've had together 3) and give her your wishes. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

问答题Ms. Mayer's move is not just a bad idea in itself but also a naive notion. Flexible employers help women run families and jobs simultaneously. Strict working rules make combining the two impossible or unpleasant. To be fair, as somebody who took two weeks off to have a baby, Ms. Mayer is hardly asking others to do what she would not; but then she has eased the pain of separation from her child by installing a nursery next to her office. Yahoo's less privileged women may place it to a friendlier organization. But this is not just about women. A well-managed company's workers want to be productive, and managers trust them to decide how and where they will perform best. If that's not happening, the boss needs to find out why. You can confine a Yahoo to his desk, but you can't make him feel the busy atmosphere.

问答题If you are to believe someone who says there is no such thing as an honest person, you may be sure that the speaker is dishonest.

问答题(Para. 1, Passage 1) Why don"t birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another?

问答题A carrying vessel grounded in transit. In order to refloat it, the captain backed the vessel, but the engine was severely damaged and there was a big hole on the bottom of the vessel. Immediately the water seeped into shipping space and partial cargoes suffered losses. The captain managed to pilot the ship to a port to repair the vessel. It took ten days to recondition the vessel. During the process of unloading and repairing, various kinds of expenses incurred. At last, the vessel sailed again. Very soon, the vessel caught fire. To protect the goods and vessel, the captain ordered to pour water into space. Some stationery was burned down and some was soaked. All the tea was soaked. Question : Please analyze the nature of all kinds of losses and expenses and point out what kind of insurance should be covered. (Translate the case into Chinese and then answer the question) Helpful hint : The case is mainly about C. A. , P. A. and F. P. A..

问答题Sociology is concerned with people and with the rules of behavior that structure the ways in which people interact. As one of the social sciences, sociology has much in common with psychology and anthropology. The subject matter of social science inquiry is patterned social regularities. 4 A search for these regularities shows that most human behavior, from big and momentous acts to small and insignificant ones, is patterned. All of the social sciences are interested in patterned regularities in human social behavior. The distinction among the social sciences is chiefly in the kinds of regularities of interest. Psychology occupies itself principally with patterns of learning, motivations and mental disorders. Because mental behavior also has a biological base, psychology is related to the natural science as well as the social. Anthropology has traditionally limited its inquiry to small, preliterate societies and has turned to focus on culture and cultured systems. The focus on such societies provides anthropologists with field laboratories in which they study many of the concerns of the other social sciences. 5 To the extent that anthropologists turn their attention to modern societies, there is little difference in the subject matter of anthropology and sociology; in many colleges and universities, they are in the same department. The chief differences continue to be in methodology and level of analysis. Whatever their particular area of concern, all social sciences rely on the scientific method of inquiry. 6 This means they rely on critical and systematic examination of the evidence before reaching any conclusions and that they approached each research question from a position of moral neutrality. This scientific approach is what distinguishes the social sciences from journalism and other fields that comment on the condition.

问答题Answer the following questions.

问答题电气工程与自动化

问答题We should think and worry about what the country thinks and worries about.

问答题"The days that make us happy make us wise." ——John Masefield When I first read this line by England"s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it. Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear. Active happiness—not mere satisfaction or contentment—often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision. Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall. Happy, the wall crumbles. The long vista is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you—people, thoughts, emotions, pressures—are now fitted into the larger scene. Everything assumes a fairer proportion. And here is the beginning of wisdom.

问答题The notion that we might need nuclear energy to stave off global warming makes me want to laugh and cry at the same time. It is a self-fulfilling prophecy that began when Ronald Reagan took office in 1981 and promptly removed Jimmy Carter's solar panels from the White House roof. (46) It was not simply a symbolic act. Reagan also slashed alternative energy funding so deeply that it virtually put the solar industry out of business. (47) Alternatives are hampered today because Reagan was doing then what Bush is doing now: serving the interests of big oil, which seeks to squeeze out every last drop of profit from fossil fuels. The war in Iraq and other foreign policy actions today continue with that aim. And nuclear is not unlike oil in that it is a very centralized industry, controlled by a few companies. It will enrich the few and further hamper progress for renewables. (48) A decentralized energy future will be far better for an economy that wants to float all boats ( not just yachts) while not having so many energy eggs in one basket. That nuclear might belong in the mix right now is only due to the climate predicament we are in because of our past sins. If undertaken at all, it should only be a bridge (a "necessary evil") to a future powered instead by many forms of safe, clean energy sources. Much is happening now in that regard, spurred by our almost sudden acceptance that global warming is real. Seattle wants to harness ocean power and provide electricity for 60,000 homes. Similar projects are planned from Alaska to New York. (49) Wind power has quadrupled since 2000 and, though wind is now only one percent of the U. S. power grid, it is poised for a quantum leap; offshore wind projects are in various stages of development in Maryland, Texas, Massachusetts, New York and elsewhere. Hydrogen- and electric-powered cars are also likely to come online more quickly than we imagined even five years ago. Nuclear has far too many problems, not the least of which is its waste, which will only become a bigger problem if its use proliferates. The waste stays radioactive for thousands of years and has to be buried underground. (50) Even if plans for doing that are ever realized, deadly waste will need to be transported across the country, through communities, subjecting people to unacceptable risks. Nuclear is also still a large accident risk. Industry proponents claim that nuclear is safer today than ever before, but even a small malfunction or leak could have devastating effects. And even if Chernobyl-style meltdowns are not likely, nuclear facilities still emit low-level radiation, a potentially serious public health concern.

问答题Some English learners make errors such as "speaked" and "writed", while some others produce words like "spoked" and "wroted". Why do you think English learners make these two types of errors?

问答题For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "The Spring Festival" . You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 内容：春节是中国人的传统节日，请你以“The Spring Festival”为题写一篇说明性的文章，向外宾介绍一下这个重大节日。

问答题 One morning, a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. After years of non-stop toil in an atmosphere that rewarded frantic overwork, Rudenstine collapsed. Only after a 3-month sabbatical--during which he read essayist Lewis Thomas, listened to Ravel and walked with his wife on a Caribbean beach—was he able to return to his post. That week, his picture was on the cover of Newsweek magazine beside the banner headline "Exhausted"! In the relentless busyness of modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. I speak with people in business and education, doctors and day-care workers, shopkeepers and social workers, parents and teachers, nurses and lawyers, students and therapists, community activists and cooks. 71. {{U}}Remarkably, there is a universal refrain: "I am So busy." The more our life speeds up, the more we feel weary, overwhelmed and lost. Today our life and work rarely feel light, pleasant or healing. Instead, the whole experience of being alive begins to melt into one enormous obligation{{/U}}. It becomes the standard greeting everywhere: "I am so busy." We say this to one another with no small degree of pride. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, to be unable to find time for the sunset (or even to know that the sun has set at all), to whiz through our obligations without time for a single mindful breath—this has become the model of a successful life. 72. {{U}}Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We lose the nourishment that gives us succor. We miss the quiet that gives us wisdom. Poisoned by the hypnotic belief that good things come on- ly through tireless effort, we never truly rest. This is not the world we dreamed of when we were young. How did we get so terribly rushed in a world saturated with work and responsibility, yet somehow bereft of joy and delight?{{/U}} We have forgotten the Sabbath. Sabbath is the time that consecrated to enjoy and celebrate what is beautiful and good—time to light candles, sing songs, worship, tell stories,, bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, nap, walk and even make love. It is time to be nourished and refreshed as We let our work, our chores and our important projects lie fallow, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world when we are at rest. If certain plant species do not lie dormant during winter, the plant begins to die off. 73. {{U}}Rest is not just a psychological convenience; it is a biological necessity. So "Remember the Sabbath" is more than simply a lifestyle suggestion. It is a commandment, an ethical precept as serious as prohibitions against killing, stealing and lying. Sabbath is more than the absence of work. Many of us, in our desperate drive to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, feel terrible guilt when we take time to rest. But the Sabbath has proven its wisdom over the ages. Many of us still recall when, not long ago, shops and offices were closed on Sundays. Those quiet Sunday afternoons are embedded in our cultural memory.{{/U}} Much of modern life is specifically designed to seduce our attention away from rest. When we are in the world with our eyes wide open, the seductions are insatiable. Hundreds of channels of cable and satellite television; phones with multiple lines and call-waiting, begging us to talk to more than one person at a time; mail, e-mail and overnight mail; fax machines; billboards; magazines; newspapers; radio. For those of us with children, there are endless soccer practices, baseball games, homework, laundry, housecleaning, errands. Every responsibility, every stimulus competes for our attention: Buy me. Do me. Watch me. Try me. Drink me. It is as if we have inadvertently stumbled into some horrific wonderland.

问答题Scattered efforts across the country indicate that new technology, properly applied, might some day turn these millions of tons of refuse into an excellent source of raw materials for new uses. (Passage Two)

问答题In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______ words and ______ words.

问答题Inflection (四川大学2007研)