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完形填空 41 Conflicts: If you do get a place in the student dormitory, it is likely that you will have to share your living space with one other student. While having an American roommate will help you to learn more about American ways, there will probably be many times that discomfort or conflict will arise due to cultural differences. 42 Sex: With regard to sex in general, American behavior is quite different from the norms found in China. 43 Relationship Between Teachers Students: On the campus, particularly where classes are small, I found a strange informality that characterized the relationship between students and their professors. 44 Gifts: In my interaction with American friends, I noticed that the concept of a gift is quite different here. Many things we give to each other in China are not called 'gifts' but are considered to be a reflection of ordinary duties and mutual obligations. Accustomed as we are to using the word 'gift' to refer to something valuable given on special occasions, it comes as a surprise to see how often the word is used in America. In the United States, 'gifts', given on many different occasions, are only services. 45 Social Intercourse. When you do enter American homes, you will have an opportunity to observe different ways of greeting people. On the whole, Americans tend to be far more physical than we in their greetings. A. I was astonished, for example, when a friend told me that he was offering to care for his younger brother and sister so that his father could take a vacation for his birthday--this was a gift to him. For us, this would be considered duty rather than a gift. Even between friends gestures of this sort might be considered 'gifts' here. B. While many students do call their professors, 'Professor' so and so or 'Dr. ' so and so, some professors prefer to be called familiarly by their first names. And in the spirit of informality, many professors may invite students to their homes or can be seen chatting with students over a meal or a cup of coffee in the school cafeteria. A good number of instructors even request that students fill out class evaluation forms which assess the content and presentation of the course. C. My roommate was very sociable and had many boyfriends who came to visit often very late. One night, after midnight, I had to stay in the bathroom for an extra 40 minutes because I had heard a man's voice in my room. My roommate did not realize how awkward I would feel meeting a man while I was in my nightgown. You see, American students tend to be much more casual about these matters. D. On many occasions, for instance, close friends or sometimes even casual acquaintances embrace or kiss each other on the cheeks in greeting or bidding farewell. It may even happen that where couples are close friends, the two husbands will kiss the other man's wife! E. In the United States, for example, if a student wants to invite his teacher to a dinner party, the invitation should be sent a week or so before the party date. If the invitation is extended only three or four days before the party date, the teacher will feel he is not highly regarded. F. For example, many American students seem to like to listen to popular and sometimes loud music while studying in their rooms. Sometimes they will even leave the music on when they leave the room. For some reason, many will tell you, music helps them to relax and concentrate, an idea which other foreign students and I found very strange and disturbing. We'd like to study quietly without any disturbance.

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完形填空Anew science and engineering first degree 【A1】______ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） is helping prepare students to become leaders 【A2】______of imaging and directing change in local, national, and global communities.Three years ago, MIT worked with Leadership, Inc. to【A3】______the institute-based Leader Shape Institute. Program leaders-call it a serious and creative【A4】______to todays basic challenges to develop students and engineers who are prepared to Tead with integrity both in technological【A5】______and in society. Central to the effort is helping students to learn to listen to society as it articulates （表达）its need for change.For the past three summers, the Leader Shape Institute has【A6】______120 MIT science and engineering students witha thorough six-day experience featuring highly interactive teaching and learning methodologies【A7】______the program, students develop skills in problem identification and problem solving, professional morals, decision-making, dealing with uncertainty, wcxking within a【A8】______community, and relationship communication. Most discussions and activities take place in assigned small “groups” which provide supportive, safe environments that promote learning and develop new skills and【A9】______. Each participant creates and individual plan of action called a “vision” which is a main【A10】______of the Leader Shape curriculum. Each vision must be designed to bring positive change to the institute community, and it must be carried out during the following school year.

完形填空 What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 1 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, 2 children younger than three or four 3 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety ofexplanations have been 4 by psychologists for this 'childhood amnesia', One argues that the luppocampus, the region ofthe brain which is 5 for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory 6 that, since adults don't think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults thinkin words, and their life memories are like stories or 8 —one event follows another as in a novel or film. 9 , when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fit the 11 . It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new 12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren't any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken 13 oftheir personal 14 in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten 15 of them into long-term memories. 16 , children have to talk about their 17 and hear others talk about them—Mother talking about the afternoon 18 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 19 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 20 memories oftheir personal experiences.

完形填空Whatever else historians say about the Copenhagen talks on climate change, they may be remembered as a time when the world concluded that it must protect forests, and pay for them. In the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, forests were a big absentee: that was partly because the nations like Brazil were unwilling, at any price, to accept limits on their freedom to fell. All that is history. 41 Over the past two years, skillful campaigning by pro-forest groups has successfully disseminated the idea that trees cannot be ignored in any serious deliberation on the planet's future. Most people at the summit accepted the case that is endlessly made by friends of the forest: cutting down trees contributes up to 20% of global greenhouse emissions, and avoiding this loss would be a quick, cheap way of limiting heat-trapping gases. 42 On December 16th six rich nations gave advocates of that view a boost when they pledged $ 3.5 billion as a down payment on a much larger effort to 'slow, halt and eventually reverse' deforestation in poor countries. The benefactors—Australia, France, Japan, Norway, Britain and the United States—endorsed tree protection in terms that went beyond the immediate need to stem emissions. 43 Impressive as it was, the rich nations offer did not settle the questions that need resolving in any global forest deal. 44 The most ambitious proposals called for a 50% reduction in deforestation by 2020 and a complete halt by 2030. But forested nations were unwilling to accept those ideas until they saw what the rich world was offering. The other question was how so much money will be ladled out, how it will be raised and who would receive it: national governments, regional authorities or local people, including the indigenous. Any plan that did not give local people cause to keep their trees standing would surely fail. Tony La Vina, the chief negotiator on the UN initiative known as 'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)' was optimistic, as of December 16th, that the issues left to settle were 'manageable.' The question of how much money to raise from government transfers, and how much from carbon trading, is not merely of concern to radical greens. Some Europeans fear that throwing forests into the carbon market will depress the price; but for America's Congress, a healthy market in offsets may be the only thing that makes payment to protect forests palatable. Supporters of REDD say it offers performance-related finance for saving forests on a far larger scale than ever before. It aims to ensure rigorous verification. 45 These may come from inflated national baselines for deforestation, or allowances that permit some sorts of tree-felling to be ignored. Sceptics also claim that REDD ignores some causes of deforestation, like the demand for soy, beef, palm oil, and timber which tempts people to act illegally. A. The proposal's critics insist that a superficially good deal could prove terrible because of loopholes in carbon accounting. B. As the UN talks went into their second week, trees looked like being one of the few matters on which governments could more or less see eye to eye. C. One was whether or not to include timetables and targets. D. Keeping trees standing would protect biodiversity and help development of the right sort, they said. E. In the longer term, Copenhagen's decisions may do a lot more to make the forests lucrative in themselves. F. The fact that REDD has been broadened to include rewards for countries that have conserved their forests (as opposed to repentant sinners) is an encouraging sign. But that does not mean the problems are negligible. G. Unless forests are better protected, so their argument goes, dangerous levels of climate change look virtually inevitable.

完形填空Many of the things we do depend 【A1】________ receiving information from other people

完形填空 Science has now proved humans can't help talking about themselves. It just feels too good. In a new study, Harvard University researchers conducted a series of experiments to 1 how much people liked talking about themselves and why. In one study, they scanned people's brains 2 those people either revealed personal information about themselves or 3 the opinions of others. In another experiment, researchers tested whether people preferred to answer questions about themselves, other people or 4 facts—participants got differing levels of monetary compensation 5 on the question they chose. No matter the test, the researchers found the results pointed the same way: humans get a biochemical excitement from 6 . That's 7 we spend almost 40% of conversation talking about ourselves, says the study—our brain chemistry 8 us to do it. In the first experiment, researchers found that sharing personal information led to 9 in the reward areas of the brain—the same ones that are 10 in response to rewards like food. Talking about other people did not 11 the circuits as much. In the second experiment, people were willing to 12 17% of their earnings in order to answer questions about themselves. The researchers also noted that people 13 enjoyed self-disclosure if they knew other people were listening. When people were given a choice to share their responses with others or to keep them 14 , they sacrificed 25% of their potential earnings in order to 15 the personal information. Previously, humans' 16 for talking about themselves was thought to be caused by a desire for 17 with others, a way to open up to people and get them to trust us 18 in hopes of setting the foundation for friendship. 19 this appears to be the first study to 20 that people talk about themselves mainly because they like the way it feels.

完形填空The standard of living of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services the country produces

完形填空A. Is there still a place for the tiddlers? 'That's an explicit yes,' says Bob Shea of NACUBO, 'but do there need to be mergers and acquisitions? That's an unequivocal yes as well.' Many small colleges serve niche markets, including a large faith-based one. 'Many students wouldn't go to college at all or would be lost in a large one,' says Ms. Brown. B. Part of the problem, at least for small liberal arts institutions, is that parents and would-be students are questioning the value of the liberal arts. They want a solid return, in the form of a well-paying job, for their four-year investment. There are still an awful lot of small places: about 40% of degree-granting colleges have fewer than 1,000 students. But enrolment at these institutions has fallen by more than 5% since 2010, while the student population has increased overall. C. Some tiny colleges rely on donations to save the day. Alumni are concerned about the value of their own degree if the college closes, but donors can grow weary. Marlboro, meanwhile, is using its endowment to offer scholarships to one student from each state in an effort to expand its usual pool from New England and to open up new student pipelines. It saw success straight away. It increased its student population by 6% this academic year, after years of falling enrolment. D. Visitors stand out at Marlboro College's pastoral campus in the woods of Vermont, but not because they are special or even unexpected. With 190 enrolled students and just a few dozen faculty and staff, everyone knows everyone. The student-faculty ratio is five to one, about the lowest in the country. The college administration has worked hard to stay small: the student population has rarely topped 350. But in the years since its founding after the Second World War, Marlboro has often skirted financial ruin. In 1993 it had only a few payrolls left in the bank. It was rescued by a foundation. Today it is looking for ways to save itself and already seeing some success. E. To attract students, some colleges are reducing their sticker price, but this is not sustainable for colleges without healthy endowments. According to the National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO), 49% of independent colleges and universities give discounts, up from 38% a decade ago. F. Alice Brown, a former head of the Appalachian College Association, a network of tiny colleges in the Appalachian Mountains, thinks more must merge or close. The Berklee College of Music (4,371 students) and the Boston Conservatory (730 students) merged in June. Small colleges often share accountants or laboratories already. G. Marlboro is not alone in facing revenue and enrolment pressures. Burlington College (70 students), also in Vermont, shut its doors over the summer. Sweet Briar, a well-regarded women's college in Virginia, nearly closed to its 245 students last year. A last minute bout of fundraising by alumni saved it, for now. Moody's, a credit-ratings agency, said in 2015 that the pace of closures and mergers will accelerate and could triple from an average of five per year over the next few years. Dennis Gephardt of Moody's says closures and mergers will be concentrated among the smallest colleges. D→ 41 → 42 → 43 → 44 → 45

完形填空41.

完形填空What happens to the industrial worker? He spends his best energy 【A1】 ________ seven or eight hours 【A2】 ________ day in producing something

完形填空　　The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning ,or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. 71. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. 　　All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is always interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. 　　Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. 73.Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 　　74. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do. 75. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

完形填空Cloze 1 Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them

完形填空At the age of 18, Shakespeare married the 26-【A1】________-old Anne Hathaway

完形填空We have 【B1】 ________committed to the new development philosophy, 【B2】 ________ the right approach to development, and 【B3】 ________to transform the growth model

完形填空A. Created 150 years ago, the Periodic Table (元素周期表) is a triumph of form and function. Now this design classic has been updated for the 21st century—and opened up to a new audience. It's a vital part of chemistry teachers' educational content. With its array of digits and chemical abbreviations, it appears everywhere, from pencil cases to posters. B. So why are we still so interested in the periodic table? 'The standard physicists' criticism of chemists is that they are stamp collectors,' says periodic table expert and 'The Elements' creator Theodore Gray. 'That's because physicists think they study the fundamentals of what makes everything work. In their view, chemists just collect all of these manifestations of physics—the physical properties of elements-and don't concern themselves with what makes these things the way they are.' C. But scientists, always eager to eke out a closer model of the truth, have been trying to improve it for 150 years. Amateur enthusiasts obsessed by the table's design, have transferred Mendeleyev-inspired charts onto T-shirts, even toy elephants. It's no coincidence that iPad champion-in-chief Stephen Fry has described the new 'Elements' iPad App as alone worth the gadget's retail price. Released in Britain last month, the App's creators hope this country will take to it like the Americans, who have already bought 30, 000 copies. D. Whether you love chemistry or not, the modern periodic table, first successfully mapped out by Russian academic Mendeleyev in 1869, occupies a space in science-lovers' psyches. This traditional chart has persisted because of its efficient systematisation of a disparate array of elements. E. Mendeleyev's brain wave in fact followed on from hundreds of years of scientific research. In 1862 a French geologist, Alexandre de Chancourtois, had written a list of elements on a piece of tape, which he then wound around a cylinder. He noticed that chemically similar elements came below one another-in other words, the elements were 'periodic'—and that as they grew in size, their properties repeated with regularity. F. 'But stamp collecting is a very popular hobby. It's fun to collect things. And the periodic table has a nice number of elements: around 100. It's a good number, and fits well with, say, a collection of beer or vegetables, which people have categorised using the periodic table's principles online. Also, people love it because it's universally known. It's like the Nike logo—everyone is familiar with its shape.' G. Around this time, in Russia Mendeleyev was throwing his intellectual heft behind the problem too. He wrote each of the elements on a different piece of card, along with their atomic weight and the formula (分子式) of their compound with oxygen (their 'oxide'). He arranged the cutouts in order of weight, putting similar oxides in rows. Order: A→ 41 → 42 → 43 → 44 → 45 →G

完形填空The first hint of what would become my life's gift to this world came one night. I wrote a_21_ to my mom and daD、I was a young teenager and it was the first time that I had_ 22_written something that wasn't that wasn't a school assignment. That night I just felt_ _23_ to let mom and dad know how much 1 loved them ,being too shy to_ 24_ these things face to face ，though. I wrote them down in a note for my parents to find after I went to bed.Later that night I heard a gentile knocking at my door,_ _25_ ， I walked over to it and opened it up. There were mom and dad with a look of such love on their_ 26_. With trembling arms they hugged me awake and_ 27_ me for my note. Seeing the happiness I had given them made my own heart jump for joy. I was amazed that my simple_ _28_ could have touched them so. It was the first time that I could ever_ 29_ seeing my dad cry.That beautiful memory has stayed alive in my soul ever since. I wrote my first story and_30_ _ it to the local country paper and later I_ 31_ to share my stories online with thousands of people all over this world.Don't be shy about sharing your many gifts with this worlD、It doesn't matter. 32__ they are.They can be smiles and hugs. And they can be acts of_ _33_. They can even be a_ _34_ notewitten with love. All that_ 35__ is that you share them and that you use them to make this world a little peaceful.（）

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完形填空Its not difficult to set targets for staff