填空题Translate the following paragraph into English．(武汉大学2011研，考试科目：英语综合) 又说咱柔化之。可要在化的同时，造成克势。柔不是弱，是容，是收，是含。含而化之，让对手入你的势。这势要你造，需无为而无不为。无为即是道，也就是棋运之大可不变，你想变，就不是象棋，输不用说了，连棋边儿都沾不上。

填空题 The Economist recognises these talented people through its annual Innovation Awards, presented in six fields: bioscience, computing and communications, energy and environment, business-process innovation, consumer products and a flexible "no boundaries" category. The awards were presented at a ceremony in London on November 9th by John Micklethwait, The Economist's editor-in-chief. And the winners were:Bioscience: Marvin Caruthers, professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Colorado at Boulder, for the development of automated DNA synthesis--the ability to "print out" arbitrary strands of genetic material.(41) {{B}}Computing and communications:{{/B}} a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of computing and communi6ations and turn them into reality.(42) {{B}}Energy and environment:{{/B}} a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of energy and environment and turn them into reality.(43) {{B}}No boundaries:{{/B}} a creative individual who dream up new ideas of internet and turn them into reality.(44) {{B}}Business-process innovation:{{/B}} a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of business-process and turn them into reality.(45) {{B}}Consumer products:{{/B}} a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of consumer products and turn them into reality. We extend our congratulations to the winners, and our thanks to the judges.[A] Nicolas Hayek, chairman of Swatch, for revitalising the Swiss watch industry. During the 1980s Switzerland's legendary watch industry fell into decline, with exports falling by half within a decade as a result of Japanese competition. Mr. Hayek's response was to consolidate the industry to create the Swatch Group. It went on to beat the Japanese at their own game, creating the bestselling watch brand in history and becoming the largest watchmaker in the world, with a quarter of the market.[B] Janus Friis and Niklas Zennstrom of Skype, for the development of internet file-sharing and telephony using peer-to-peer technology, which allows millions of computers to link up over the internet without central co-ordination. In 2000 Messrs Friis and Zennstrom launched KaZaA, which became the dominant means of sharing music and video files, despite attempts by the entertainment industry to shut it down. Skype, launched in 2003, lets users make free phone calls over the internet, forcing traditional telecoms operators to slash their prices.[C] Sam Pitroda, chief executive of WorldTel, for pioneering India's communications revolution. In 1987 Mr. Pitroda was asked by Rajiv Gandhi, the Indian prime minister, to help democratise access to telecommunications. His response was to deploy instantly recognizable yellow telephone kiosks in every town and village. This helped to release India's telecoms industry from state control and opened it up to private firms, paving the way for a technology boom. He now promotes similar policies in other countries.[D] Pierre Omidyar, founder and chairman of eBay, for the development of electronic marketplace technology and his promotion of access to markets as a tool for social change. Mr. Omidyar set up eBay in 1995 with the aim of creating a marketplace accessible to any internet user. The business was profitable by 1996. People all over the world buy and sell items in 45 000 categories; some even make a living trading on eBay.[E] Hernando de Soto, founder and president of the Institute for Liberty and Democracy. Mr. de Soto argues that bureaucracy and the lack of formal property rights are major causes of poverty in developing countries. Red tape and the lack of legal title to property, preventing its use as collateral, make it hard for the poor to establish or expand businesses. While serving as economic adviser to the Peruvian government, Mr. de Soto initiated a property-titling scheme which helped 1.2m families. Similar reforms have been implemented in El Salvador, Haiti, Tanzania and Egypt. Mr. de Soto has also championed the use of league tables to shame governments into cutting red tape.[F] Johannes Poulsen, former chief executive, Vestas Wind Systems, for the commercialisation of wind energy. In 1987 Mr. Poulsen took the helm at Vestas, then a small Danish firm with 60 employees. By the time he retired in 2002, Vestas had 5 000 employees and a quarter of the world market for wind turbines. Under Mr. Poulsen, Vestas greatly improved the efficiency of wind turbines, reducing costs and making wind power more competitive.

填空题Directions: Pick out the appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogues by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. A. We'll show you our photos when we are back. B. We are going with our teachers. C. We are going to Paris. D. When are you leaving? E. How long are you going to stay there? F. Have you been there before? G. I want to go to London. H. See you later. A: Hi, Xiao Wang. Where are you going on vacation? B: {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} A: Paris? That sounds great! {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}} B: We are leaving next Tuesday. A: Who are you going with? B: {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} A: {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} B: For about two weeks. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A: Great! Wish you a pleasant journey! B: Thanks a lot.

填空题Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperandthenprocessesitintopackaging,e.g.egg-boxesandcartons.Thiscouldbeeasilyadaptedforlocalauthoritiesuse.Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach.Paperis,infact,probablythematerialthatcanbemosteasilyrecycled;andnow,withmassiveincreasesinpaperprices,thetimehascomeatwhichcollectionbylocalauthoritiescouldbeprofitable.[B]Recyclingofthiskindisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottles,whicharereturnedtothedairies,washedout,andrefilled.Butbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastic.Moreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles,andithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplastic,thenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays![C]Thepackageitselfisofnointeresttotheshopper,whousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.UselesswrappingaccountsformuchoftherefuseputoutbytheaverageLondonhouseholdeachweek.Sowhyisitdone?Someofit,likethecellophaneonmeat,isnecessary,butmostoftherestissimplycompetitiveselling.Thisisabsurd.Packagingisusingupscarceenergyandresourcesandmessinguptheenvironment.[D]Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshops,asuggestionunacceptabletomanymanufacturerswhosaythereisnoalternativetotheirhandyplasticpacks.[E]Littleresearch,however,isbeingcarriedoutonthecostsofalternativetypesofpackaging.Justhowpossibleisit,forinstance,forlocalauthoritiestosalvagepaper,pulpitandrecycleitasegg-boxes?Woulditbecheapertoplantanotherforest?Paperisthematerialmostusedforpackaging--20millionpaperbagsareapparentlyusedinGreatBritaineachday--butverylittleissalvaged.[F]Itisevidentthatmoreresearchisneededintotherecoveryandre-useofvariousmaterialsandintothecostofcollectingandrecyclingcontainersasopposedtoproducingnewones.Unnecessarypackaging,intendedtobeusedjustonce,andmakingthingslookbettersothatmorepeoplewillbuythem,isclearlybecomingincreasinglyabsurd.Butitisnotsomuchaquestionofdoingawaywithpackagingasusingitsensibly.Whatisneedednowisamoresophisticatedapproachtousingscarceresourcesforwhatis,afterall,arelativelyunimportantfunction.[G]Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresaconsiderableamountofunpacking,theboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrived;thecellophanewrapperhastobetornoff,thelidopenedandthepaperremoved;thechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophane,polytheneorpaper.(539words)Notes:cellophane(包装用的)玻璃纸。doup打包，装饰。polythene聚乙烯。refusen.废料，废物。messup型脏，弄乱。salvage回收利用。pulp使……成为浆状。carton纸板盒。encircle环绕。mound小丘，小堆。doawaywith处理掉。asopposedto与……对照。notsomuch...as与其……倒不如……。Order:

填空题He has been in the countryside for many years, so he has got ______ to the life there. (useful)

填空题 The mother grew worried about her son, as she hadn't heard _______ him for a while.

填空题Moreover, because mothers are much more likely than fathers to take time off from work to care for their children, women workers, as a group, fall permanently ______ male workers in terms of pay, benefits and seniority.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. If good intentions and good ideas were all it took to save the deteriorating atmosphere, the planet's fragile layer of air would be as good as fixed. The two great dangers threatening the blanket of gases that nurtures and protects life on earth-global warming and the thinning ozone layer--have been identified. Better yet, scientists and policymakers have come up with effective though expensive countermeasures. (2)41. __________. (3) CFCs-first fingered as dangerous in the 1970s by Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina, two of this year's Nobel-prizewinning chemists--have been widely used for refrigeration and other purposes. (4) If uncontrolled, the CFC assault on the ozone layer could increase the amount of hazardous solar ultraviolet light that reaches the earth's surface, which would, among other things, damage crops and bring disasters to environment. (5) Thanks to a sense of urgency triggered by the 1985 detection of what has turned out to be an annual "hole" in the especially vulnerable ozone over Antarctica, the Montreal accords have spurred industry to replace dangerous CFCs with safer substances. (6)42. __________. (7) Nonetheless, observes British Antarctic Survey meteorologist Jonathan Shanklin: "It will be the middle of the next century before things are back to where they were in the 1970s." (8) Even that timetable could be thrown off by international smugglers who have been bringing illegal CFCs into industrial countries to use in repairing or recharging old appliances. (9)43. __________. (10) Developing countries were given more time to comply with the Montreal Protocol and were promised that they would receive $ 250 million from richer nations to pay for the CFC phaseout. At the moment, though, only 60 % of those funds has been forthcoming. This is a critical time. (11) It is also a critical time for warding off potentially catastrophic climate change. Waste gases such as carbon dioxide, Methane and the same CFCs that wreck the ozone layer all tend to trap sunlight and warm the earth. The predicted results: and eventual melting of polar ice caps, rises in sealevels and shifts in climate patterns. (12)44. __________. (13) The encouraging precedent is the Montreal Protocol for ozone protection, which showed how quickly nations can act when they finally recognize a disaster. A related lesson is that if CFCs do disappear, it will be partly because chemical manufactures discover they can make a profit by selling safer replacements. (14)45. __________. (15) If that happens, then all nations, from the rich to the poor, may end up working to save the atmosphere for the same reason they've polluted it: pure economic self-interest. [A] Says Nelson Sabogal of the U. N. Environment Program: "If developed countries don't come up with the money, the ozone layer will not recuperate." [B] But that doesn't mean these problems are anywhere close to being solved. The stratospheric ozone layer, for example, is still getting thinner, despite the 1987. international agreement known as the Montreal Protocol, which calls for a phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting chemicals by the year 2006. [C] The same process may ultimately be what mitigates global warming. After long years of effort, manufacturers of solar-power cells are at last close to matching the low costs of more conventional power technologies. And a few big orders from utilities could drive the price down to competitive levels. [D] Yet the CFCs already in the air are still doing their dirty work. The Antarctic ozone hole is more severe this year than ever before, and ozone levels over temperate regions are dipping as well. If the CFC phaseout proceeds on schedule, the atmosphere should start repairing itself by the year 2000, say scientists. [E] Last year alone 20 000 tons of contraband CFCs entered the U. S.--mostly from India, where the compounds are less restricted. [F] Until recently, laggard governments could to scientific uncertainty about whether global warming has started, but that excuse is wearing thin. A draft report circulating on the Internet has proclaimed for the first time that warming has indeed begun. [G] The good news is that this gloomy scenario may galvanize the world's governments into taking serious action. For example, though it's now more costly to generate electricity from solar cells than from would otherwise have to be spent in the future combating the effects of global warming.

填空题As you are unable to read rapidly, it may impede your academic progress.(inability) ____________________.

填空题People under eighteen ______ to buy strong drinks or cigarettes in some countries. (not allow)

填空题A. Have you planned to another city B. What are you doing C. When would you be leaving D. Where have you been E. Would you be interested in joining me F. Did you know that G. Don't you want to invite someone H. That was part of my plan Eloise: What are you doing this weekend? Helen：I am not sure． (56) ? Eloise：I was thinking of maybe taking a drive to the beach． Helen：That sounds like a great idea! Eloise： (57) ? Helen：Sure，I would love to go with you． (58) ? Eloise：I thought that we could leave around 8:00 on Saturday morning． Helen：That would give US plenty of time to explore． (59) there is a music festival on the beach in Santa Barbara? Eloise： (60) ． Helen： Well then，I’ll see you on Saturday．Thanks for asking me to go with you．

填空题How ______ going out for a talk?

填空题Active co-operation to combat common problems ______ environmental security for every country．各国积极合作，与共同存在的问题进行斗争对于环境安全是必要的。

填空题Processing and assembling trade include assembling with ______ and processing with ______ and processing with customers draft and samples.

填空题The aim of the organization is to promote the st______ and development of Higher Education by sustaining the position and influence of universities, polytechnics and equivalent institutions.

填空题Our government has been ______ in helping the peasants to improve their living conditions． 我国政府始终致力于帮助农民改善生活水平。

填空题Lily: Do you want to go to the exhibition?Linda: ______

填空题When he arrived in that country, he found that there were few occasions to speak Chinese.