问答题The London School of Linguistics (中山大学2005研)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}The Students' Union of your university is planning an English Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information:{{/I}} 1) the purpose of the contest, 2) time and place of the contest, 3) what is required of the candidates, 4) details of the judges and awards. {{I}}You should write about 100 words neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Students' Union at the end of the announcement.{{/I}}

问答题What does the white whale in Moby Dick symbolize? Why do you think so?

问答题Free Trade Agreement

问答题What are affective factors? In what ways do affective factors facilitate or constrain language acquisition?

问答题What are the contents of invitation to tender?

问答题What is the major thematic concern of Walden?

问答题Elaborate on Grice's Maxim of Quantity and its violations.

问答题Dealing with Depression

问答题从技术角度讲，除食品外，任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。许多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅指某些药品或嗜毒者服用的违禁化学品。他们没有认识到像酒精、烟草这些熟悉的物质也是药物。这也就是为什么许多医生和心理学家现在使用了一个更为中性的词——物质，他们常用“物质滥用”而不是“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精和烟草这样的物质同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。 在我们生活的社会里，物质(药物)被广泛地使用于社交和治疗：服阿斯匹林来缓解头痛，喝点儿酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸支烟镇定一下情绪等。使用这些物质得到了社会认可，而且显然具有积极的一面，但什么时候变成滥用了呢?首先，大多数物质使用过量都会产生副作用，譬如中毒或反复使用一种物质可导致上瘾或对该物质(药物)的依赖。依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会出现不舒服的停药症状。 作用于中枢神经系统改变感觉、情绪和行为的药物(物质)被称为对神经系统起作用的物质。这类物质一般分为兴奋剂、镇静剂或幻觉剂。兴奋剂主要起到加速或刺激中枢神经系统活动的作用，而镇静剂则相反：使其活动减慢。幻觉剂主要作用于人的感觉，以各种不同的方式对感觉加以扭曲和改变，其中包括产生幻觉。这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”(psychedelic一词源自希腊语，意思是“心灵显现”)。因为它们似乎能改变人的感觉状态。

问答题 Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 46){{U}}Actually, it isn't because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.{{/U}} On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47){{U}}Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.{{/U}} Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says "I don't like this contract"? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48){{U}}It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.{{/U}} This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it. 49){{U}}Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.{{/U}} Any regard for the suffering of animals is seem as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50){{U}}When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.{{/U}}

问答题In many areas the A380 has proven technologies that will become the standard for the next generation of airliners. As one example, the aircraft benefits from a higher proportion of carbon-fibre composite than any previous Airbus aircraft, around 22% compared with 12% for an A340-600 or 9% on a 777. For the first time, this technology has been applied to major components such as the centre-wing box. The information and data management requirements for an aircraft as large as the A380 also have placed demands on system design. These have been met in two ways. The aircraft"s system uses 22 computers of 7 different varieties that share all the functions traditionally handled by individual "black boxes". Data exchange in the system utilizes a high capacity and high speed datalink with data exchange at a rate of 10 million bits per second, 100 times the capacity of a traditional avionics system.

问答题Like many concepts in social psychology, aggression has many definitions, even many evaluations. {{U}}(1)Some think of aggression as a great virtue(e, g. "the aggressive businessperson"), while others see aggression.{{/U}} The fact they we do keep the same word anyway suggests that there is a commonality: Both positive and negative aggression serve to enhance the self. {{U}}(2)The positive version, which we could call assertiveness, is acting in a way that enhances the self, without the implication that we are hurting someone else. The negative version, which we might call violence, focuses more on the" disenchantment of others as a means to the same end.{{/U}} Although the life of animals often seems rather bloody, we must take care not to confuse predation--the hunting and killing of other animals for food-with aggression. {{U}}(3)Predation in carnivorous species has more in common with grazing in vegetarian species than with aggression between members of the same species. Take a good look at your neighborhood cat hunting a mouse: He is cool, composed, not hot and crazed. In human terms, there is not the usual emotional correlate of aggression: anger. He is simply taking care of business.{{/U}} That taken care of, there remains remarkably little aggression in the animal world. But it does remain. We find it most often in circumstances of competition over a resource.{{U}}(4)This resource must be important for" fitness," that is, relevant to one's individual or reproductive success. Further, it must be restricted in abundance: Animals do not, for example, compete for air, but may for water, food, nesting areas, and mates.{{/U}} It is the last item-mates-that accounts for most aggression in mammals. And it is males that are most noted for this aggression. {{U}}(5) As we mentioned earlier, females have so much at stake in any act of copulation (求偶结合)-so many months gestation, the increased energy requirement, susceptibility to attack, the dangers of birth, the responsibility of lactation-that it serves their fitness to be" picky" when looking for a partner.{{/U}} If females are picky, males must be show-offs: The male must demonstrate that he has the qualities that serve the female's fitness, in order to serve his own fitness. Deer are a good example. Mind you, this need not be conscious or learned; in all likelihood, it is all quite instinctual in most mammals. It may possibly have some instinctual bases in us as well.

问答题Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic: My view on Happiness. You should write at least 100～120 words and should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. Outline: 1．如今的社会，有些人认为物质享受能带来幸福感； 2．有些人认为拥有健康才是幸福； 3．你的观点。

问答题信息类文本

问答题Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle.（南开大学2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.

问答题风刮的如此大，我们简直寸步难行。

问答题Please write your essay on the back of the Answer Sheet.

问答题Friday(in Robinson Crusoe)