问答题Fishing and Rights Acidification, warming, the destruction of coral reefs: the biggest problems facing the sea are as vast, deep and seemingly intractable as the oceans themselves. So long as the world fails to cut its emissions of greenhouse gases, cause of the global warming behind these troubles, they will grow. By comparison, overfishing, another great cause, should be easier to put right, especially in the coastal waters where most fishing occurs. And yet it goes on, year after year. Fishermen have every reason to do something. Many fisheries are hurtling towards collapse; stocks of large fish have been reduced by up to 90%. When stocks are overfished, they yield a smaller catch. The cost of mismanagement, in lost economic output, is huge: some $50 billion a year, according to the World Bank. One reason why the pillage continues is that knowledge of fish stocks is poor, especially in developing countries. A new statistical attempt at estimating the remaining shoals, from University of California, Santa Barbara, is therefore welcome—even if that is not true of its findings that stocks are even more ravaged than previously thought. The study found that better understood fisheries are likelier to be healthy. Another reason for overfishing is new technology (developed, aptly enough, for battlefields), which makes shoals easier to detect. As large boats and refrigeration have spread, fishing fleets have covered greater distances and hovered up larger catches. Because technology lets fishermen fish with less effort, it disguises just how fast the stocks are depleting. Fishermen generally understand the risks of overfishing. Yet still they flout quotas, where they exist. That is often because they take a short-term view of the asset—they would rather cash in now and invest the money in something else. And it is invariably compounded by a commons-despoiling feeing that if they don"t plunder, others will. In most fisheries, the fishermen would make more money by husbanding their resource, and it should be possible to incentivize them to do so. The best way is to give them a defined, long-term right to a share of the fish. In regulated industrial fisheries, as in Iceland, New Zealand and America, this has taken the form of a tradable, individual share of a fishing quota. Developing countries, where law enforcement is weak, seem to do better when a group right over an expanse of water is given to a cooperative or village fleet. The principle is the same: fishermen who feel like owners are more likely to behave as responsible stewards. The new statistical study confirms that rights-based fisheries are generally healthier. Yet only a few hundred of the ocean"s thousands of fisheries are run this way, mainly because such schemes are hard to get right. Limiting access to a common resource creates losers, and therefore discord. Cultural differences affect success rates; not everyone is as law-abiding as Icelanders. Almost everywhere it takes time to convince fishermen, the last hunter-gatherers, to change their habits. But, barnacled by caveats though it may be, the rights-based approach is the best available. In rich countries, satellite imagery will increasingly help, by making monitoring cheaper and better. In many poor ones, devolution is making it easier to form local organizations. Another promising idea is to incorporate fights-based fisheries with no-catch zones. These safeguard breeding-stocks and are easier to monitor than individual catches. Where stocks are recovering, as a result of these reforms, fishermen are likelier to see scientifically determined quotas as in their self-interest. In the end, that may be the only hope.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Interpretthepicture,2.Deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,3.Andsuggestcounter-measures.

问答题Starbucks

问答题cultural shock

问答题patronage

问答题American Local Colorism

问答题(1) Simplicity is an uprightness of soul that has no reference to self; it is different from sincerity, and it is a still higher virtue. We see many people who are sincere, without being simple; the only wish to pass for what they are, and they are unwilling to appear what they are not; they are always thinking of themselves, measuring their words and recalling their thoughts; and reviewing their actions from the fear that they have done too much or too little. These persons are sincere, but they are not simple; they are not at ease with others, and others are not at ease with them; they are not free, ingenuous, natural; we prefer people who are less correct, less perfect, and who are less artificial. This is the decision of man, and it is the judgment of God, who would not have us so occupied with ourselves and this, as it were, always arranging our features in a mirror. (2) To be wholly occupied with others, never to look within, is the state of blindness of those who are entirely engrossed by what is present and addressed to their senses; this is the very reverse of simplicity. To be absorbed in self in whatever engages us, whether we are laboring for our fellow beings or for God—to be wise in our own eyes reserved, and full of ourselves, troubled at the least things that disturbs our self-complacency, is the opposite extreme. This is false wisdom, which, with all its glory, is but little less absurd than that folly, which pursues only pleasure. The one is intoxicated with all it sees around it; the other with all that it imagines it has within; but it is delirium in both. (3) To be absorbed in the contemplation of our own minds is really worse than to be engrossed by outward things, because it appears like wisdom and yet is not, we do not think of cuing it, we pride ourselves upon it, we approve of it, it gives us an unnatural strength, it is a sort of frenzy, we are not conscious of it we are dying, and we think ourselves in health. (4) Simplicity consists in a just medium, in which we are neither too much excited, nor too composed. The soul is not carried away by outward things, so that it cannot make all necessary reflections; neither does it make those continual references to self that a jealous freedom sense of its own excellence multiplies to infinity. (5) That of the soul, which looks straight onward in its path, losing no time to reason upon its steps, to study them, or to contemplate those that it has already taken, is true simplicity.

问答题What is meant by the term "Welfare State" in Britain?

问答题礼乐文化

问答题题目要求写的是一封简短的祝贺信。祝贺信的写作要领包括： 1．直接报告喜讯或表达听到喜讯的心情。 2．报告喜讯的详细内容或对喜讯的积极评价。 3．希望对方能够分享快乐或衷心的祝愿。 写祝贺信的时候要特别注意以下几点： 1．祝贺信是与收信人加深友好关系的好机会，信中应该洋溢着喜悦。 2．要写清楚祝贺的具体事项。 3．感情真切，不能言过其实，显得虚伪。 4．信中应该包含与该事项相关的期盼。

问答题He"s still busy around the clock, but now he dedicates evenings and weekends to charity work and local politics instead of second job.

问答题The parents did not expect that their child"s question was so difficult to answer.

问答题{{U}}Women make up 40 percent of tile world's work force in agriculture, a quarter in industry, and a third in services.{{/U}} Women farmers in the developing countries grow at least 50 percent of the world' s food, as much as 80 percent in some African countries. 47){{U}} In addition to income and generating activities( in cash and kind}, women's household activities include caring for the sick, house maintenance, and such vital work as caring for children, preparing food, and fetching firewood and water.{{/U}} Yet women's productivity remains low. A woman works both in income-generating work and in home production. Improving women' s productivity can contribute to growth, efficiency, and poverty reduction? A key development goals everywhere. 48){{U}} Investing in women -- in education, health, family planning -- is thus an important part of development strategy as well as a matter of social justice.{{/U}} It is an integral part of the World Bank' s overall strategy for poverty reduction that calls for broadly based, labor-absorbing economic growth and improved human resource development. 49){{U}} If long - term change in the conditions of women is to be achieved, the actions and attitudes of men must change and it is important that men be brought along in the process of change.{{/U}} For example, family planning information campaigns should be aimed at men as well as women because it is when men and women are able to make joint informed decisions on family size, child spacing, and appropriate methods of contraception, that these programs are most successful. Likewise, problems affecting women are often close-related to the social relationships between men and women. 50){{U}} For example, many women' s health problems are embedded in unequal gender relation in work loads, responsibilities for family welfare, and access to resources and decision-making; it is impossible to deal effectively with women's health problems through approaches that deal only with women.{{/U}}

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyitandthen3)giveyourpointsofview.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题The fear of Americanization of the planet is a more ideological paranoia than reality. There is no doubt that, with globalization, English has become the general language of our time, as was Latin in the Middle Ages; and it will continue its ascent, since it is an indispensable instrument for international transactions and communication. But does this mean that English necessarily develops at the expense of the other great languages? Absolutely not. In fact, the opposite is true. The vanishing of borders and an increasingly interdependent world have created incentives for new generations to learn and assimilate other cultures, not merely as a hobby, but also out of necessity, because the ability to speak several languages and navigate comfortably in different cultures has become crucial for professional success. Consider the case of Spanish. Half a century ago, Spanish speakers were an inward- looking community; they projected themselves in only very limited ways beyond their traditional linguistic confines. Today, Spanish is dynamic and thriving, gaining beachheads or even vast landholdings on all five continents. That there are between 25 and 30 million Spanish speakers in the United States today explains why the two recent U.S. presidential candidates—the Texas governor George W Bush and the vice-president A1 Gore—campaigned not only in English, but also in Spanish.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. In my children's lifetimes, I believe gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans will all become extinct in the wild. So the question we have to ask ourselves is this: do we want our children to see only in zoos what used to exist in the real world? (46) {{U}}It is the great apes that will disappear first, because there are so few of them left, and because they're so vulnerable to changes in their habitats.{{/U}} Many of the threats to these animals result from a global economy not local pressures. The threat to the orangutan in Indonesia, for example, is largely a result of deforestation and the risks to primates in Africa result from the timber-trade and the demand for bush-meat. (47) {{U}}The two work together: logging opens up the forest, which means that the bush-meat can be got out fast, to Kinshasa or to London.{{/U}} (48) {{U}}If we want to avoid the disaster scenario, people in developed countries will have to take a global perspective and accept responsibility for the damage export crops such as timber, coffee, cut flowers or even green beans, do to the environment.{{/U}} The challenge is to avoid simply imposing western attitudes on local peoples. Already there are no truly wild places left in the world. (49) {{U}}Looking at wildlife has become the preserve of the middle classes over the last twenty-odd years, and as wild animals become even rarer, so more tourists want to see them.{{/U}} But tour ism alone plainly cannot conserve the world's animals; economic development is the priority. For the future, I suspect that ff you really want to do something about wild life conservation, you would be better off putting your money into women's education rather than just into the protection of flagship species. (50) {{U}}Women often bear the direct costs of wildlife conflict; their knowledge of how to deal with conflict and how to control their own reproductive destinies may yet determine the survival of many threatened species.{{/U}}

问答题已经指出，他们的建议在某种程度上是合理的。

问答题按揭货款

问答题Coarticulation (武汉大学2008研；四川大学2006研；南开大学2007研)