填空题"By______is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. "

填空题Unlike Americans who seem to prefer coffee, the English drinks a great deal of tea. A. Unlike B. to prefer C. drinks D. a great deal

填空题 Canadians like to think that although they are the junior partner in their trade relations with the United States, the 174 billion barrels of proven reserves in the oil sands of Alberta provide a powerful ace up their sleeve in any dealings with their energy-hungry neighbor. That belief has now been shaken by an American law that appears to prohibit American government agencies from buying crude produced in the oil sands of the western province. 41. ______. But that is the effect of banning federal agencies from buying alternative or synthetic fuel, including that from non-conventional sources, if their production and use result in more greenhouse gases than conventional oil. Transforming Alberta’s tarry muck into a barrel of oil is an energy-intensive process that produces about three times the emissions of a barrel of conventional light sweet crude. Having woken belatedly to the danger, the Canadian government is now scrambling to secure an exception. Michael Wilson, Canada’s ambassador in Washington, has written to America’s secretary of defense, Robert Gates (whose department is a big purchaser of Canadian oil), stressing American dependence on Canadian oil, electricity, natural gas and uranium imports, and noting that some of the biggest players in the Alberta oil patch are American companies. Mr. Wilson added plaintively that both George Bush and his energy secretary, Samuel Bodman, have publicly welcomed expanded oil-sands production, given the increased contribution to American energy security. 42. ______. The fear in Canada is that the American purchasing restriction, which at present applies only to federal agencies, is the start of a wholesale shift to greener as well as more protectionist policies under a Congress and potentially a White House controlled by the Democrats. 43. ______. Yet environmentalists point out that Canada is now paying for its own foot-dragging at the federal level on green initiatives. Having signed the Kyoto agreement under a previous Liberal government, Canada did little to stop its emissions rising. They are now almost 35% above the Kyoto target. And although Mr. Baird likes to describe his plan as tough, it will not bring Canada into line with Kyoto. 44. ______. The vagueness of the proposed federal rules did not stop the premier of Alberta, Ed Stelmach, from giving a defiant warning that he will stand up for the interests of Albertans (read oil industry) and will be examining the constitution to ensure that the federal government’s proposed plan does not intrude on provincial jurisdiction. His province has one of the weakest environmental regimes in Canada. 45. ______. But even if a deal is reached with the outgoing Bush administration, any exception for Canada may be short-lived if greening Democrats take the White House in November. [A] Since 1999, Canada has been the largest supplier of U. S. crude and refined oil imports. In 2007, Canadian crude oil and petroleum products represented 18% of U. S. crude oil imports, at nearly 2.5 million barrels per day. From 2005 to 2007, the volume of Canadian crude oil exports to the United States increased by 7.4% per year. [B] John Baird, the Canadian environment minister, referred this week to the American move when he unveiled new proposals to reduce industrial emissions in Canada, including the oil sands, by 20% by 2020. Big states like California were making similar pronouncements, he told reporters. The oil sands were an important national resource, but had to be expanded in an environmentally friendly way. [C] As Canada’s representative in Washington, Mr. Wilson is the point man on Canada’s lobbying efforts either to kill the Buy American clause, or to get a special exemption for Canada. [D] The Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 did not set out to discriminate against Canada, America’s biggest supplier of oil. [E] With energy exports, mainly from Alberta, driving the Canadian economy, this is not a happy thought for Canadians. [F] Although the Canadian embassy says that there has been no official response to Mr. Wilson’s letter, there are reports of talks going on in Washington aimed at addressing Canada’s concerns. [G]The rules for the oil sands, now the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases, have yet to be finalized and will not come into force until 2010. Furthermore, they rely on carbon capture, a promising but unproven technology.

填空题For $50，you cannot expect to buy something thats good-looking and ______． 花50美元你买不到好看并且设计很好的东西。

填空题He remained calm even {{U}}面临如此明显的危险{{/U}}.

填空题Directions: You are going to read a list of ]wadings and a text about leadership. Choose a heading from the list A-F that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Thinks Positively. B. Knows That Principles Are More Important than Rules. C. Possesses a Sense of Humor. D. Communicates Facts That Are Hard to Take. E. Cares for Others and Their Well-being. F. Has Integrity and Authenticity. G. Order Is Important. Much has been written about the tasks of leaders and the skills required for leadership. There has been considerable debate about the question of whether leaders are born or made. Likely behind these arguments is the difference between personal characteristics that some people have at birth and skills that one can acquire through education and practice. But the important personal characteristics, while they may seem innate in some people, can be cultivated, and indeed, require cultivation in all of us. For unless they are strengthened through conscious attention and cultivation, they can, for example, easily be forgotten or ignored in the craziness of activity often associated with leadership. What are some of these characteristics? One could make many lists, but here are five personal traits that seem especially important. A good leader: {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}An effective leader is "genuine", internally and externally consistent. A good leader is one of whom it can be said, "What you see is what you get" —there is never any wonder as to whether the imaage, the "person" presented to the world, really reflects the person. Such a leader has honesty—he/she says what he/she means, means what he/she says. A good leader has a consistency of purpose, operates out of discernible principles, and "stands for" something worthwhile and detectable. Honesty and reliability require self-reflection, the ability to understand oneself honestly, the capacity to assess one's strengths and weaknesses accurately, and acceptance of one"s self. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader takes responsibility seriously but never takes himself seriously. Such a leader can help people relax and get through tough situations in good spirits. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader understands that nothing except a great work of art can be done by one person alone—that something of lasting value is almost always the result of a group effort. But even more than that, a good leader genuinely is concerned with and interested in others. Such concerning means that a good leader is collegial, building a sense of group identity and purpose. A good leader "brings out the best" in each of those who follow, seeks the development and advancement of each member of the group, and delights in each person's growth in ability and of character. A good leader rejoices in the success of group members without announcement of jealousy. A good leader is deliberative, involving the group in decisions wherever possible and encourages, supports, and applauds the members of the group. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}One of the primary roles of the leader is to inspire hope, even in a difficult situation. This is not the same as being blindly optimistic. We think, for example, of Franklin Roosevelt's "We have nothing to fear but fear itself" or of Desmond Tutu's observation about apartheid in South Africa that since "it is difficult to be optimistic, one must have hope. " Such a leader empowers followers, making them believe that they can accomplish worthwhile but very difficult things. He actually creates energy in the group by being active without becoming unrealistic. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader understands that order is important to a group but that rigidity destroys the followe rs' emotion state. Lasting, empowering order comes more from trust and the. development of group norms than from regulations imposed by a leader. Doubtless, everyone would develop a somewhat different, and in many cases, a longer list of personal characteristics. But a leader who is conscious of such a list, who questions the extent to which he or she lives and acts in accord with these traits, and who deliberately cultivates these characteristics is likely to be a successful and appreciated leader.

填空题You can ______ your tea with honey instead of sugar. (sweet)

填空题Although he is (considered) a great write, (but) his works (are) not widely (read). A．considered B．but C．are D．read

填空题 watch? ? information? ? with A. associated 1 a 22-minute reduction in their life expectancy B. lived an average 4.8 years less than those who didn"t 2 any television C. when they collected TV viewing 3 Sitting in front of the television may be relaxing, but spending too much time in front of the tube may take years off your life. That"s what Australian researchers found 4 from more than 11,000 people older than 25 years. The study found that people who watched an average six hours of TV a day 5 . Also, every hour of TV that participants watched after age 25 was 6 The more TV you watch, the less physically active you are. And the less exercise you get, the more likely you are to develop diseases such as diabetes or heart problems.

填空题Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances)as______and ______. The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.（人大2006研)

填空题Some (research) suggests (what) there is a (link between) the body's calcium balance (and) tooth decay. A. research B. what C. link between D. and

填空题On seeing the policeman the thief ran off.The moment ____________________.

填空题The president asked them to consider this proposal carefully.(consideration) ____________________.

填空题She couldnt help ______ (do)the housework, for she was busy．

填空题[A] The golden wedding-ring was put on her finger[B] The foreign groom and the local bride[C] Angels, children escorting the bride[D] Wedding hall[E] Temple and atheistic groom[F] Town hall, a happy bride and groom Ornamenting the two fingers is only the first step of the "long march". Angel was never as overloaded as today, running from here to there, busy ordering invitation cards and wedding clothes, booking church and restaurant, checking availability of the photographer, the pastor and the official in the town hall, looking for a new home. She was happy and excited. However this long wedding preparation process loaded down with trivial details, gave me a big headache. In France, more and more French cohabit instead of marrying. However, when they decide to marry, they still take their wedding ceremony seriously and usually follow the never changing three traditional chapters.41．_______________________. The third chapter is the wedding breakfast followed by a dance. (The first and the second chapter are the civil wedding and the church wedding). After the church wedding, the newly-weds normally invite their parents and friends to take part in a sumptuous meal and dance in the evening. After champagne flutes are raised all around, the dancing starts. The newly-weds take the lead, dancing lightly and finish the evening by tiredly tripping in to their bridal chamber and thus terminate the last chapter of the French marriage.42．_______________________. I grew up in the last seventies and early eighties, the "simple wedding" advocated by the Chinese government had been ingrained in my mind. One day finally I could not help revealing my wish for a simple wedding: "Darling, your wedding plans are far too long and over-elaborate. Let's simplify them and reduce three chapters to only one. It's enough to get married in the town hall! .... No! Marriage is the most important event in my life. I want to make it grand and unforgettable." Angel refused to concede. However I really wanted to escape the church wedding. "Honey, I wasn't baptized and being an atheist, I am not allowed to go to church. A church wedding is a burden for an atheist like me, and the church wedding for an atheist is also against church rules!" I presented my views vehemently, believing I had the best excuse in the world. "My dear, marriage is a sacred affair; we must go to the church. You are only aware of one aspect of a thing, but ignorant of another. I am a Protestant; there are no strict canons and mumbo-jumbos in Protestantism. If one of the two is Protestant, they are still allowed to marry in a Protestant church." I was rendered speechless.43．_______________________. The sacred moment arrived. The foreign groom and the local bride, surrounded by her family members, arrived at the marriage hall. "Do you take this woman as your wife?" "Yes!" A myriad of thoughts welled up in my mind: "I'd quit my highly-coveted job in China and gone through innumerable trials and tribulations to come to Europe to join my Chinese lover, but I was jilted. Now I'd found an oasis of love, but far from my homeland. The girl with me today, though from a different cultural background, with a different way of thinking and behaving, is simple, pure and kind hearted like an angel. I'd suffered from the wandering life in Europe. But after suffering comes happiness. In a few minutes she will proclaim the end of my wandering and homeless life." Full of deep feeling I gazed at this western beauty, shining with dazzling splendor and held her hand tight in mine.44．_______________________. "Do you take this man as your husband?" Brimming with tears, choking with sobs, Angel nodded her approval. Being a traditional French girl, she'd never expected that she would have fallen into the temptation of the "good but cheap Chinese merchandise" before her and would have crossed the frontier between Chinese and French cultures to marry a man with an exotic accent and a flat nose!45_______________________. The church was resounding with the wedding sonata, angel and I walked up to the pastor to the beat of the music. Hand in hand, heart with heart, full of tender affection, we gave all the right answers to his questions. The golden wedding-ring on her left finger and paired up with her engagement ring on the right ring finger, both complementing each other's radiance and beauty. Angel, now with two rings, became a real "valuable" bride. She slipped my finger with a simple ring onto my finger, and at the same time capturing my wandering heart. That evening, I, the foreign groom, with my Erru, two-stringed Chinese violin, together with Angel, the local bride, with her violin, successfully performed the most beautiful concerto of cross border marriage. "That spring is coming, the earth is smiling..." the hall was resounding to the strains of Strauss' joyful waltz while we were tripping away in a dance. At the climax of the music we swirled so quickly that both of us felt ourselves swoon in the glamour of our cross border marriage.

填空题These leaves turn color and fall to the ground is a sign of early winter. A. These B. turn color C. fall D. is