阅读理解Text 4 Were fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive

阅读理解What can we learn from the text about renting clothes?

阅读理解Text 4 I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only common people of the world could meet each other at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield

阅读理解Text A Scientists say they may have solved a far-out mystery: how Uranus and Neptune came to exist at the very edges of the solar system

阅读理解Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question and circle the letter on the answer sheet. Remember to write the letter corresponding to the question number.Imagine eating everything delicious you want-with none of the fat. Thatwould be great, wouldn’t it?New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it’s up to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can’t be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) “grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it’s that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.

阅读理解Which of the following could be found in a vegan’s diet?

阅读理解1. In what is shaping up as an academic Battle of the Titansone that offers vast new learning opportunities for students around the worldHarvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on Wednesday announced a new nonprofit partnership, known as edX, to offer free online courses from both universities. Harvards involvement follows M.I.T.s announcement in December that it was starting an open online learning project, MITx. Its first course, Circuits and Electronics, began in March, enrollin

阅读理解Passage Two Youve probably been seeing and hearing a lot more abouteSportslately

阅读理解Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 3People who spend their days glued to networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter are more likely to bedepressed, a new U.K. study has revealed.A team of researchers at the University of Leeds have conducted the first large-scale survey of its kind to find a linkbetween the Internet and depression.“The Internet now plays a huge part in modern life, but its benefits are accompanied by a darker side,” saidpsychologist Catriona Morrison, lead author of the study, which is published in the journal Psychopathology Today.The survey was administered online, with adverts place on social-networking sites, and 1,319 people took the tests.Participants were asked to answer questions in an Internet Addiction Test. Internet Function Test (to see what peopleuse the Internet for most) and the Beck Depression Inventory.Morrison and her team found that 18 respondents were “Internet addicted”. When matched against not-addictedInternet users within the survey, the difference in depression ratings was significant; the addicts showed higher levelsof depression than their non-addicted counterparts.In addition, the team found a correlation between the type of sites visited and the level of user addition. According tothe study, Internet addicts spent more time on “gaming websites and online community chat”, whereas the non-addicted group perused (浏览) a wider range of site.But Morrison acknowledged some caveats (为防止误解而作的说明) to the study. The Internet Addiction Test,although a useful tool in studying this modern age addiction, is not a foolproof method of diagnosis. New testsincorporating (包含) measures of social isolation and loneliness may provide a more accurate measure to continue inthis area.“What is clear”, said Morrison, “is that for a small subset of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warningsignal for depressive tendencies.”The study also leaves many questions unanswered. Having found a correlation, future studies may try to determinethe cause. Do people become depressed because they are addicted to the Internet or turn to the Internet becausethey’re depressed?Morrison hopes future studies of Internet users will help define what this link might be. “We now need to considerthe wider societal implications of this relationship and confirm clearly the effects of excessive Internet use on mentalhealth.”

阅读理解Passage ThreeIt is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. Ybu cannot make choices in this matter- Ybu either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating （启示性的）piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering （困惑）seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect （智力）.In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay-attention.

阅读理解Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage

阅读理解No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead

阅读理解Passage 2 The other day, I walked into an airport mens room, which was empty except for one man, who appeared to be having a loud, animated conversation with a urinal

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 2Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a windowopens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated hisrevolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural repairwork that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is “off line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’syour dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “if you don’t like it,change it.”The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem tohave more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they areworking through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily lifewe don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control overrecurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you wouldlike it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practicepeople can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us fromsleeping or “we wake up in panic”. Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings ofinsecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from atherapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it andyou’ll feel better in the morning.

阅读理解Passage 1 By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder

阅读理解One of the first men to make a commercial success of food conservation was Henry John Heinz

阅读理解Passage Two If you know something is bad for you, why can‟t you just stop it? 70% of smokers say they would like to quit

阅读理解 Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs. Sucking, which is the infant's means of gaining both food and emotional security, conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation. If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body contact as well as good milk intake, if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires, and if both the child and mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment, the child is more likely to thrive both physically and emotionally. On the other hand, if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him or her off from the milk supply before either the child's hunger or sucking need is satisfied, or handles the child hostilely during the feeding, or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child, the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age. If, in addition, the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance, he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life. Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments. If an individual's family eats large quantities of food, then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts. If an individual's family eats mainly vegetables, then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables. If mealtime is a happy and significant event, then the person will tend to think of eating in those terms. And if a family eats quickly, without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table, then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it. This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake. Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that, for example, a Jew, whose religion forbids the eating of pork, might have guilt feelings if he or she ate pork. An older Roman Catholic might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Friday, traditionally a fish day.

阅读理解To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, was back in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And against it was considered a symbol of power and authority. Byl680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn''t until the twentieth century that women''s umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.