问答题Directions: Nowadays, more and more drunk drivers died in car accidents, which also killed many other innocent people. The problem of driving draws many concerns of people. Give us your opinion and your solutions. Your words should be more than 120 words.

问答题Directions: Please write a composition of no less than 200 words on the following topic. Use specific reasons and examples to support your points of view. How to help the university students practice the Chinese traditional virtues in their daily lives?

问答题How are the sound and meaning of most words related? Give examples to illustrate your point.

问答题Directions: You received a letter from your teacher Mr. Smith, who wanted to know your recent life in college. Please write a private letter to 1) apologize for your delayed response, 2) tell him your current conditions, and 3) express your thanks and best wishes to him. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题A chilling feature of the suicide video left by Mohammad Sidique Khan, the leader of the band that killed more than 50 people in London in July, 2005, was the homely Yorkshire accent in which he told his countrymen that "your" government is at war with "my people". What makes a Muslim in Britain or America wake up and decide that he is no longer a Briton or American but an Islamic "soldier" fighting a holy war against the infidel? Part of it must be pull, part is presumably push. George Bush has repeated like a scratched gramophone record that Americans were at war with the terrorists who had attacked them on 9/11, not at war with Islam. (46) {{U}}Barack Obama has followed suit: the White House national security strategy published in May says that one way to guard against radicalisation at home is to stress that "diversity is part of our strength—not a source of division or insecurity. "{{/U}} This is hardly rocket science. (47) {{U}}And that reminding Americans of the difference—a real one, by the way, not one fabricated for the purposes of political correctness—between Islam, a religion with a billion adherents, and A1 Qaeda, a terrorist outfit that claims to speak in Islam's name but has absolutely no right to do so.{{/U}} Why would any responsible American politician want to erase that vital distinction? Good question. (48) {{U}}Ask Sarah Palin, or Newt Gingrich, or the many others who have lately clamored about the offensive campaign to stop Cordoba House, a proposed community centre and mosque, from being built in New York two blocks from the site of the twin towers.{{/U}} In a tweet last month from Alaska, Ms Palin called on "peaceful Muslims" to "repudiate" the "ground zero mosque" because it would "stab" American hearts. But why should it? Cordoba House is not being built by Al Qaeda. To the contrary, it is the brainchild of Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, a well meaning American cleric who has spent years trying to promote interfaith understanding. He is modelling his project on New York's 92nd Street Y, a Jewish community centre that reaches out to other religions. The site was selected precisely so that it might heal some of the wounds opened by the felling of the twin towers and all that followed. True, some relatives of 9/11 victims are hurt by the idea of a mosque going up near the site. (49) {{U}}But that feeling of hurt makes sense only if they too buy the false idea that Muslims in general were perpetrators of the crime. Besides, what about the feelings, and for that matter the rights, of America's Muslims—some of whom also perished in the atrocity?{{/U}} (50) {{U}}It is impossible to excuse the mean spirit and scrambled logic of Mr Ginger's assertion that "there should be no mosque near ground zero so long as there are no churches or synagogues in Saudi Arabia".{{/U}} To Mr Gingrich, it seems, an American Muslim is a Muslim first and an American second. Al Qaeda would doubtless concur. Mr Gingrich also objects to the centre's name. Imam Feisal says he chose "Cordoba" in recollection of a time when the rest of Europe had sunk into the Dark Ages but Muslims, Jews and Christians created an oasis of art, culture and science. Mr Gingrich sees only a "deliberate insult", a reminder of a period when Muslim conquerors ruled Spain. Like Mr bin Laden, Mr Gingrich is apparently still reiterating the victories and defeats of religious wars fought in Europe and the Middle East centuries ago. He should rejoin the modern world, before he does real harm.

问答题 In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. 71. {{U}}Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat{{/U}}. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. 72. {{U}}Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line{{/U}}. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper. 73. {{U}}Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his problem with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic{{/U}}. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $ 10. 2 billion bid by Norfolk 'Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

问答题art for art"s sake

问答题What are theme and rheme?

问答题Directions: You are a freshman and planning to apply for a bank loan. Write a letter to the bank to 1) introduce yourself briefly, 2) explain the reasons of applying for a bank loan. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to the department store manager to complain about the quality of the cellphone you bought yesterday and suggest the solutions. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题For this part, you are given 25 minutes to write a letter to call on university students to help those people in need. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below :1．倡议书涉及的具体帮助对象；2．实施帮助的理由及意义；3．具体措施或活动安排。

问答题Italy, the land of Dante, declared war on officialese (官样文章) recently, vowing to simplify the way the state communicates with its citizens. (1){{U}}"This is a cultural revolution in our relationship with citizens," Civil Service Minister Franco Frattini told a news conference to unveil a Project to make bureaucratic language understandable{{/U}}. The project called "Chiaro!" (Clear!) ,aims to rid the language used in bureaucratic texts of complex clauses and confusing terms.(2){{U}}While Italians were keeping their fingers crossed it would succeed, Frattini acknowledged it would be an uphill struggle.{{/U}} (3){{U}}Many existing government texts would be changed into more simple language but the hardest part would be to teach old dogs new tricks.{{/U}} "It would be useless to translate the documents and not train personnel to stop using ancient, incomprehensible language, "he said.(4){{U}}Ministries would be encouraged to compete for a "Chiaro!" (Clear !) stamp, which could be awarded only to departments and ministries that wrote simply.{{/U}} Professor Alfredo Fioritto, who heads a task of legal experts and linguists, admitted it was going tough. "There are hundreds of years of tradition to today the government speaks like it did in the nineteenth century, "he said. (5){{U}}"Simplifying language is very difficult. It means you have to know what you are talking about."{{/U}}

问答题Directions: Study the picture above carefully and write an essay entitled "After Graduation." In the essay, you should (1) describe the picture; (2) interpret its meaning; (3) give your opinion about the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SIIEET 2.

问答题Computers are permeating almost every aspect of our lives, including many areas previously untouched by technology. 16 But unlike such other pervasive technologies as electricity, television and the motor car, computers are on the whole less reliable and less predictable in their behavior. This is because they are discrete state digital electronic devices that are prone to total and catastrophic failure. Computer systems, when they are "down," are completely down, unlike electromechanical devices, which may be only partially down and are thus partially usable. Computers enable enormous quantities of information to be stored, retrieved, and transmitted at great speed on a scale not possible before. 17 This is all very well, but it has serious implications for data security and personal privacy because computers are inherently insecure. The recent activities of hackers and data thieves in the United States, Germany, and Britain have shown how all-too-easy it still is to break into even the most-sophisticated financial and military systems. The list of scares perpetrated by the new breed of hi-tech criminals, ranging from fraud in airline-ticket reservations to the reprogramming of the chips inside mobile phones, is growing daily. Computer systems are often incredibly complex-so complex, in fact, that they are not always understood even by their creators (although few are willing to admit it). This often makes them completely unmanageable. Unmanageable complexity, can result in massive foul-ups or spectacular budget "runaways." For example, Jeffrey Rothfeder in Business Week reports that Bank of America in 1988 had to abandon a $20 million computer system after spending five years and a further $60 million trying to make it work. Allstate Insurance saw the cost of its new system rise from $8 million to a staggering $100 million and estimated completion was delayed from 1987 to 1993. Moreover, the problem seems to be getting worse: in 1988 the American Arbitration. Association took on 190 computer disputes, most of which involved defective systems. The claims totaled $200 million—up from only $31 million in 1984. 18 Complexity can also result in disaster: no computer is 100 percent guaranteed because it is virtually impossible to anticipate all sorts of critical applications, such as saving lives, flying air craft, running nuclear power stations, transferring vast sums of money, and controlling missile systems—sometimes with tragic consequences. For example, between 1982 and 1987, some twenty-two servicemen died in five separate crashes of the United States Air Force"s sophisticated Blackhawk helicopter before the problem was traced to its computer-based "fig-by-wire" system. At least two people died after receiving overdoses of radiation emitted by the computerized. There are 25 X-ray machines, and there are many other examples of fatal computer-based foul-ups. Popular areas for less life-threatening computer malfunctions include telephone billing and telephone switching software, bank statements and bank-teller machines, electronic funds-transfer systems, and motor-vehicle license data bases. Although computers have often taken the "blame" on these occasions, the ultimate cause of failure in most cases is, in fact, human error. Every new technology creates new problems—as well as new benefits for society, and computers are no exception. 19 But digital computers have rendered society especially vulnerable to hardware and software malfunctions. Sometimes industrial robots go crazy., while heart pacemakers and automatic garage door openers are rendered useless by electromagnetic radiation or "electronic smog" emitted from point-of-sale terminals, personal computers, and video games. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and pumps at gas stations are closed down because of unforeseen software snafus. The cost of all this downtime is huge. 20 For example, it has been reported that British businesses suffer around thirty major mishaps a year. revolving losses running into millions of pounds. These are caused by machine or human error and do not include human misuse in the form of fraud and sabotage. The cost of failures in domestically produced software in the United Kingdom alone is conservatively estimated at $900 million per year. In 1989, a British Computer Society committee, reported that much software was now so complex that current skills in safety assessment were inadequate and that therefore the safety of people could not be guaranteed.

问答题Once Upon a TimeNadine GordimerSomeone has written to ask me to contribute to an anthology of stories for children. I reply that I don"t write children"s stories; and he writes back that at a recent congress/book fair/seminar a certain novelist said every writer ought to write at least one story for children. I think of sending a postcard saying I don"t accept that I "ought" to write anything.And then last night I woke up—or rather was awakened without knowing what had roused me.A voice in the echo-chamber of the subconscious?A sound.A creaking of the kind made by the weight carried be one foot after another along a wooden floor. I listened. I felt the apertures of my ears distend with concentration. Again: the creaking. I was waiting for it; waiting to hear if it indicated that feet were moving from room to room, coming up the passage—to my door. I have no burglar bars, no gun under the pillow, but I have the same fears as people who do take these precautions, and my windowpanes are thin as rime, could shatter like a wineglass. A woman was murdered (how do they put it) in broad daylight in a house two blocks away, last year, and the fierce dogs who guarded an old widower and his collection of antique clocks were strangled before he was knifed by a casual laborer he had dismissed without pay.I was staring at the door, making it out in my mind rather than seeing it, in the dark. I lay quite still—a victim already—the arrhythmia of heart was fleeing, knocking this way and that against its body-cage. How finely tuned the senses are, just out of rest, sleep! I could never listen intently as that in the distractions of the day, I was reading every faintest sound, identifying and classifying its possible threat.But I learned that I was to be neither threatened nor spared. There was no human weight pressing on the boards, the creaking was a buckling, an epicenter of stress. I was in it. The house that surrounds me while I sleep is built on undermined ground; far beneath my bed, the floor, the house"s foundations, the stopes and passages of gold mines have hollowed the rock, and when some face trembles, detaches and falls, three thousand feet below, the whole house shifts slightly, bringing uneasy strain to the balance and counterbalance of brick, cement, wood and glass the hold it as a structure around me. The misbeats of my heart tailed off like the last muffled flourishes on one of the wooden xylophones made by the Chopi and Tsonga migrant miners who might have been down there, under me in the earth at that moment. The stope where the fall was could have been disused, dripping water from its ruptured veins; or men might now be interred there in the most profound of tombs.I couldn"t find a position in which my mind would let go of my body—release me to sleep again. So I began to tell myself a story, a bedtime story.In a house, in a suburb, in a city, there were a man and his wife who loved each other very much and were living happily ever after. They had a little boy, they loved him very much. They had a cat and a dog that the little boy loved very much. They had a car and a caravan trailer for holidays, and a swimming-pool which was fenced so that the little boy and his playmates would not fall in and drown. They had a housemaid who was absolutely trustworthy and an itinerant gardener who was highly recommended by the neighbors. For when they began to live happily ever after they were warned, by that wise old witch, the husband" s mother, not to take on anyone off the street. They were inscribed in a medical benefit society, their pet dog was licensed, they were insured against fire, flood damage and theft, and subscribed to the local Neighborhood Watch, which supplied them with a plaque for their gates lettered YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED over the silhouette of a would-be intruder. He was masked; it could not be said if he was black or white, and therefore proved the property owner was no racist.It was not possible to insure the house, the swimming pool or the car against riot damage. There were riots, but these were outside the city, where people of another color were quartered. These people were not allowed into the suburb except as reliable housemaids and gardeners, so there was nothing to fear, the husband told the wife. Yet she was afraid that some day such people might come up the street and tear off the plaque YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED and open the gates and stream in...Nonsense, my dear, said the husband, there are police and soldiers and tear-gas and guns to keep them away. But to please her—for he loved her very much and buses were being burned, cars stoned, and schoolchildren shot by the police in those quarters out of sight and hearing of the suburb—he had electronically controlled gates fitted. Anyone who pulled off the sign YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED and tried to open the gates would have to announce his intentions by pressing a button and speaking into a receiver relayed to the house. The little boy was fascinated by the device and used, it as a walkie-talkie in cops and robbers play with his small friends.The riots were suppressed, but there were many burglaries in the suburb and somebody"s trusted housemaid was tied up and shut in a cupboard by thieves while she was in charge of her employers" house. The trusted housemaid of the man and wife and little boy was so upset by this misfortune befalling a friend left, as she herself often was, with responsibility for the possessions of the man and his wife and the little boy that she implored her employers to have burglar bars attached to the doors and windows of the house, and an alarm system installed. The wife said, She is right, let us take heed of her advice. So from every window and door in the house where they were living happily ever after they now saw the trees and sky through bars, and when the little boy"s pet cat tried to climb in by the fanlight to keep him company in his little bed at night, as it customarily had done, it set off the alarm keening through the house.The alarm was often answered—it seemed—by other burglar alarms, in other houses, that had been triggered by pet cats or nibbling mice. The alarms called to one another across the gardens in shrills and bleats and wails that everyone soon became accustomed to, so that the din roused the inhabitants of the suburb no more than the croak of frogs and musical grating of cicadas" legs. Under cover of the electronic harpies" discourse intruders sawed the iron bars and broke into homes, taking away hi-fi equipment, television sets, cassette players, cameras and radios, jewelry and clothing, and sometimes were hungry enough to devour everything in the refrigerator or paused audaciously to drink the whisky in the cabinets or patio bars. Insurance companies paid no compensation for single malt, a loss made keener by the property owner"s knowledge that the thieves wouldn"t even have been able to appreciate what it was they were drinking.Then the time came when many of the people who were not trusted housemaids and gardeners hung about the suburb because they were unemployed. Some importuned for a job: weeding or painting a roof; anything, baas (boss), madam. But the man and his wife remembered the warning about taking on anyone off the street. Some drank liquor and fouled the street with discarded bottles. Some begged, waiting for the man or his wife to drive the car out of the electronically operated gates. They sat about with their feet in the gutters, under the jacaranda trees that made a green tunnel of the street—for it was a beautiful suburb, spoilt only by their presence—and sometimes they fell asleep lying right before the gates in the midday sun. The wife could never see anyone go hungry. She sent the trusted housemaid out with bread and tea but the trusted housemaid said these were loafers and tsotsis (criminals), who would come and tie her and shut her in a cupboard. The husband said, She"s right. Take heed of her advice. You only encourage them with your bread and tea. They are looking for their chance... And he brought the little boy"s tricycle from the garden into the house every night, because if the house was surely secure, once locked and with the alarm set, someone might still be able to climb over the wall or the electronically closed gates into the garden.You are right, said the wife, then the wall should be higher. And the wise old witch, the husband"s mother, paid for the extra bricks as her Christmas present to her son and his wife-the little boy got a Space Man outfit and a book of fairy tales.But every week there were more reports of intrusion: in broad daylight and the dead of night in the early hours of the morning, and even in the lovely summer twilight-a certain family was at dinner while the bedrooms were being ransacked upstairs. The man and his wife, talking of the latest armed robbery in the suburb, were distracted by the sight of the little boy"s pet effortlessly arriving over the seven-foot wall, descending first with a rapid bracing of extended forepaws down on the sheer vertical surface, and then a graceful launch, landing with swishing tail within the property. The whitewashed wall was marked with the cat"s comings and goings and on the street side of the wall there were larger red-earth smudges that could have been made by the kind of broken running shoes, seen on the feet of unemployed loiterers, that had no innocent destination.When the man and wife and little boy took the pet dog for its walk round the neighborhood streets they no longer paused to admire this show of roses or that perfect lawn; these were hidden behind an array of different varieties of security fences, walls and devices. The man, wife, little boy and dog passed a remarkable choice: there was the low-cost option of pieces of broken glass embedded in cement along the top of walls, there were iron grilles ending in lance-points, there were attempts at reconciling the aesthetics of prison architecture with the Spanish Villa (spikes painted pink) and with the plaster Urns of neoclassical facades (twelve-inch pikes finned like zigzags of lightning and painted pure white). Some walls had a small board affixed, giving the name and telephone number of the firm responsible for the installation of the devices. While the little boy and the pet dog raced ahead, the husband and wife found themselves comparing the possible effectiveness of each style against its appearance; and after several weeks when they paused before this barricade or that without needing to speak, both came out with the conclusion that only one was worth considering. It was the ugliest but the most honest in its suggestion of the pure concentration-camp style, no frills, all evident efficacy. Placed the length of walls, it consisted of a continuous coil of stiff and shining metal serrated into jagged blades, so that there would be no way of climbing over it and no way through its tunnel without getting entangled in its fangs. There would be no way out, only a struggle getting bloodier and bloodier, a deeper and sharper hooking and tearing of flesh. The wife shuddered to look at it. You"re right, said the husband, anyone would think twice... And they took heed of the advice on a small board fixed the, wall: Consult DRAGON"S TEETH The People For Total Security.Next day a gang of workmen came and stretched the razor-bladed coils all round the walls of the house where the husband and wife and little boy and pet dog and cat were living happily ever after. The sunlight flashed and slashed, off the serrations, the cornice of razor thorns encircled the home, shining. The husband said, Never mind. It will weather. The wife said, You"re wrong. They guarantee it"s rust-proof. And she waited until the little boy had run off to play before she said, I hope the cat will take heed... The husband said, Don"t worry, my dear, cats always look before they leap. And it was true that from that day on the cat slept in the little boy"s bed and kept to the garden, never risking a try at breaching security.One evening, the mother read the little boy to sleep with a fairy story from the book the wise old witch had given him at Christmas. Next day he pretended to be the Prince who braves the terrible thicket of thorns to enter the palace and kiss the Sleeping Beauty back to life: he dragged a ladder to the wall, the shining coiled tunnel was just wide enough for his little body to creep in, and with the first fixing of its razor-teeth in his knees and hands and head he screamed and struggled deeper into its tangle. The trusted housemaid and the itinerant gardener, whose "day" it was, came running, the first to see and to scream with him, and the itinerant gardener tore this hands trying to get at the little boy. Then the man and his wife burst wildly into the garden and for some reason (the cat, probably) the alarm set up wailing against the screams while the bleeding mass of the little boy was hacked out of the security coil with saws, wire-cutters, choppers, and they carried it-the man, the wife, the hysterical trusted housemaid and the weeping gardener-into the house.

问答题With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he didn't know the sub-group.

问答题1. 现在的改革成果为进一步深化改革奠定了基础。 2. 然而改革的道路并不平坦。 3. 建议我们要…… You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explaintheintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

问答题Gatsby(in The Great Gatsby)

问答题 Directions: Study the two pictures above carefully and write an essay entitled "On Education of China". In the essay, you should (1) describe the pictures; (2) interpret their meaning; (3) give your opinion about the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.