填空题Barbie Dolls Flashy clothes, the perfect boyfriend, a Corvette, Ferrari, full size apartment with beautiful furniture and boat. She's the woman who has everything and every year receives more. Since her introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll may be the most influential icon of American culture in the late twentieth century. (1) She attracted little girls because of her adult-like features. Before this, children looked at toys like Yogi Bear, Howdy Doody, and baby dolls for inspiration. With the creation of Barbie, girls now had a new toy to stimulate their imaginations. In the 1950s most women stayed at home, cooking, cleaning and caring for their children; they didn't parade around in tight little skirts and high heels. The Barbie doll represented independence and glamour: she could sing solos in the spotlight one minute and pilot an airplane the next. She was exciting and completely different from the clinging Betsy Westsys and Chatty Cathys that little girls were used to. In Forever Barbie: The Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll, M. G. Lord tells the story of Barbie's creators. Ruth Handler, the youngest of ten siblings (同胞), worked as a stenographer for Paramount Pictures as a young woman. Her husband Elliott designed light fixtures and studied art. (2) The Handlers began the factory in their garage but quickly expanded until they had hired a hundred workers who made jewelry and decorative items. World War II shortages of labor soon put them out of business. Despite their first failure, the Handlers didn't give up and, in 1945, they joined with Harold Matson, a former worker, and together the three started "Mattel Creations" . Matson's last name along with Elliot's was fused together to form the name Mattel. In 1946, Matson sold out his share. The Handlers were not discouraged, though, because of their strong belief in futuristic materials such as Plexiglas, Lucite and plastic. They continued looking for the perfect item to make their company a success. Little did they know that their persistence would lead them to establish a multi-million company initiated by the revolutionary Barbie doll. Ruth Handler first encountered the model for Barbie in 1955 while vacationing in Switzerland with her family. The Lilli doll, a comic character from Germany, was usually found in tobacco stores as a three dimensional (三维的) pinup (挂在墙上的照片，玩偶等). Ruth brought back two dolls, one for her daughter Barbara, and one for herself. (3) Handler recalls: "Through their play Barbara imagined their lives as adults. They used the dolls to reflect the adult world around them. They would sit and carry on conversations, making the dolls real people. I thought if only we could take this play pattern and three dimensionalize it, we would have something very special. " Barbie debuted at the American Toy Fair in New York City in the winter of 1959. But in her unseasonable black-and-white striped swimsuit, the doll did not impress toy buyers. Even Sears, Mattel's biggest customer, refused to put the sexy doll on their shelves. Lord says it was Mattel's advertising strategy aimed at the children that finally paved the way for Barbie's success. The 1950s was a big decade for child culture. Disneyland had opened in July of 1955, and Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse Club television series was a hit for children under the age of 12. Manufacturers and retailers had aimed toy advertising at parents in the past with the focus during Christmas season. But once children actually saw toys advertised on television, toys became a big business. Television advertisements with the child-as-a-consumer revolutionized the toy industry in the twentieth century. Barbie was a fantasy. In a border city it was rare to encounter a white, blue-eyed person. "Maybe that's why I was so attracted to her." Most little girls couldn't wait to get their hands on Barbie because they had never encountered a doll with such an enormous wardrobe. Angela Loya, an engineer and Barbie collector from Houston, idolized Barbie because of her independence. She said in an interview, "Barbie was designed for women by women. It taught us what was expected from us by society. She had it all.., the clothes, the boyfriend and whatever career she wanted. She was the symbol of post-war female independence. " (4) Lord quotes Ruth Handler as saying, "Pregnancy(怀孕) would never be part of Barbie's physique, because Barbie would not compromise her freedom. Just as she did not depend on parents, she would not have offspring dependent on her. " Barbie's sexy image also raised questions among both children and parents. Many parents still did not talk about sex to their children and naked baby dolls usually did not spark great interest. Barbie dolls changed this. Some 700 million Barbie dolls have been sold since 1959 in over 140 countries. Yearly sales exceeded the $1 billion mark in 1995. Retail experts estimate that the typical American girl owns an average of eight Barbie dolls. And the doll has her own Hall of Fame in Palo Alto, California, where a collection of over 20, 000 Barbies awaits visitors. (5) A child's imagination can take Barbie anywhere. She easily can be a doctor by simply converting her hot pink kitchen into an operating room. Tissue boxes and packing cartons make great furniture and apartment complexes. A child really doesn't need the fancy cars or doll houses to make her dreams come alive: all that is really needed is an imagination. A. Barbie's biographer reminds us that she was not defined through relationships of responsibility to men or family. B. Barbie, named after the Handlers' daughter, has become the quintessential (典型的) American doll. C. Barbie's success may be attributed to the focus on children as consumers for the first time. D. A second contributing factor to the realization of this doll evolved from Ruth watching her daughter and friends play with paper dolls. E. In 1937, they had moved from Colorado to California where they gambled their life savings on a plan to build Plexiglas furniture.

填空题If the situation goes worse, a serious problem may come up.

填空题Translated the following into English．(辽宁师范大2008研，考试科目：综合英语) 体育作为一种文化现象，在当代生活中的作用越来越大，关心它的人也越来越多，形成了体育文化热。那么什么是体育文化的内涵呢? 文化是人类在发展中形成的物质财富和精神成果的总和。体育文化是整个人类文化的一种，而且是非常独特的一种。别的种类的文化大多受到国家、民族、宗教等因素的阻隔而形成一个个文化圈。比如电影，观众很多，也有国际评奖，但电影评奖总要受到评委们的主观意识的影响，很难有一个非常明确的客观标准。而体育则有共同的规则，有共同的体育语言。体育能真正体现“公平竞争”的原则，所以越来越受到人们的欢迎，以奥林匹克精神为特征的体育文化已被全世界人民所接受。

填空题H. P. Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maxim of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words, speak truthfully; do not lie.

填空题We have made ______ attempts to solve the problem，but so far our efforts have been unsuccessful． 我们作了许多尝试来解决这个难题，但是到目前为止，我们的努力还没有成功。

填空题That(A) tests can actually give measurement of the languages skills(B) of the students are(C) questioned by many teachers(D).

填空题The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter. (41) Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. (42) Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals ; the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. (43) (44) These inventions and discoveries—fire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing—made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. (45) A. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man. B. Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given. C. With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another. D. The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. E. In fact, there was progress—there were even two inventions of" very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariner's compass—but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture. F. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided. G. But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.

填空题Don’t your parents mind your______(stay)out so late?

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 20 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. Yon may have to change s word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (—) and write the correct word. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in bracket) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (—). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (51){{U}}"Humanism" has used to mean too many thing to be a very satisfactory term.{{/U}} (52) {{U}}Nevertheless, and in the lack of a better word,{{/U}} (53) {{U}}I shall use it here to explain for the complex of attitudes which this discussion has undertaken to defend.{{/U}} (54) {{U}}In this sense a humanist is anyone who rejects the attempt to describe or account of man wholly on the basis of physics, chemistry, and animal behavior.{{/U}} (55) {{U}}He is anyone who believes that will, reason, and purpose are real and significant: that value and justice are aspects of a reality called good and evil and rests upon some foundation other than custom;{{/U}} (56) {{U}}that consciousness is so far from a mere epiphenomenon that it is the most tremendous of actualities.{{/U}} (57) {{U}}that the unmeasure, may be significant; or to sum it all up;{{/U}} (58) {{U}}that those human realities which sometimes seem to exist only in human mind are the perceptions of the mind.{{/U}} (59) {{U}}He is, in other words, anyone who says that there are more things in heaven and earth than those dreamed of in the positivist philosophy.{{/U}} (60) {{U}}Originally, to be sure, the term humanist meant simply anyone who thonght the study of ancient literature his chief concern. Obviously it means, as I use it, very much more.{{/U}} (61) {{U}}But there remains nevertheless a certain connection between the aboriginal meaning and that I am attempting to give it,{{/U}} (62) {{U}}because those whom I describe as humanists usually recognize that literature and the arts have been pretty consistently "on its side" and{{/U}} (63){{U}}because it is often to literature that they turn to renew their faith in the whole class of truths which the modem world has so consistently tended, to dismiss as the mere figments of a wishful thinking imagination.{{/U}} (64) {{U}}Insofar as this modern world gives less and less attention to its literary past, insofar as it dismisses that past as something outgrow and{{/U}} (65) {{U}}to be discarded as much as the imperfect technology contemporary with it has been discarded,{{/U}} (66) {{U}}just to that extent it facilitate the surrender of humanism to technology.{{/U}} (67) {{U}}The literature is to be found, directly expressed or{{/U}} (68) {{U}}more often, indirectly implied, the most effective correction to the views now most prevalent among the thinking and unthinking.{{/U}} (69) {{U}}The great imaginative writers present a picture of human nature and of human life which carries conviction and thus giving the lie to all attempts to reduce man to a mechanism. Novels and poems, and dramas are so persistently concerned with the values which relativism rejects that one might even define literature as the attempt to pass value judgments upon representations of human life,{{/U}} (70) {{U}}More often than not those of its imaginative persons who fail to achieve power and wealth are more successful than those who do not--by standards which the imaginative writer persuades us to accept as valid.{{/U}}

填空题 Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined __67__ a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied __68__ any particular circumstance. Moods should be __69__ from emotions which are usually more intense, __70__ to specific circumstances, and often conscious. __71__ one sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood can be thought of in __72__ the same way as can our reactions to the __73__ of our friends—when our friends are happy and “up”, that trends to influence us positively, __74__ when they are “down”, that can have a __75__ impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a __76__ mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素) in a direction __77__ with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see __78__ in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a __79__ manner than they would when not in such a state. __80__, mood states appear capable of __81__ a consumer’s memory. Moods appear to be __82__ influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and __83__ of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the __84__ of time spent in supermarkets or __85__ to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers’ moods which, in __86__, are capable of influencing consumer’ reactions to products. 67. A) with B) about C) as D) by 68. A) up B) to C) under D) over 69. A) divided B) derived C) descended D) distinguished 70. A) referred B) related C) attached D) associated 71. A) In B) On C) By D) Of 72. A) thus B) still C) much D) even 73. A) behavior B) gesture C) signal D) view 74. A) for B) provided C) unless D) but 75. A) relative B) negative C) sensitive D) decisive 76. A) fixed B) granted C) given D) driven 77. A) insistent B) resistant C) persistent D) consistent 78. A) retailers B) consumers C) businessmen D) manufacturers 79. A) casual B) serious C) favorable D) critical 80. A) Moreover B) However C) Nevertheless D) Otherwise 81. A) lifting B) raising C) cultivating D) enhancing 82. A) rarely B) readily C) currently D) cautiously 83. A) volume B) speed C) step D) band 84. A) extent B) scope C) amount D) range 85. A) capacities B) facilities C) intentions D) reflections 86. A) turn B) depth C) total D) detail

填空题The teacher doesnt mind ______ the students after class. (help)

填空题He listened with (please) ______ to the beautiful music at the party.

填空题The idea of global economy has altered the wo______, brought opportunities and challenges for the developing countries and put new pressures on the cooperation between countries.

填空题Bill: Do you often hear young Jane singing in her room? Mary: ______

填空题When you read a piece of technical writing in English at the first time, 1 or when you first hear scientists or engineers talking English, you may 2 find it difficult to understand what is written or spoken, particularly if you have learned English as a language of every day conversation and of literature. You may think there is a special species of English which is 3 used only in science and technology and which has to be learned as separate 4 language. You may also feel that somehow English of science, and technology 5 is less difficult than everyday English. In fact, technical English does differ 6 from everyday language because of the specialized contexts in which it was 7 used and because of the specialized interests of scientists and engineers. But the differences do not present any great problems until they have been recognized. 8 However, the vocabulary of any technical discussions may include words which have never used outside the question. If you do not know the subject, you will not 9 understand what is said or written, even if English is your native mother tongue. 10

填空题[A] Energising money[B] The dilemma of smart-card systems[C] The future of money[D] Sending money home[E] Flashing the plastic[F] A cash call[G] How to pay in Tokyo Smart cards and mobile phones are quickly emerging as ways to pay with electronic cash. 41. ______. Nowadays, some of the hottest nightclubs have a new trick for checking the identity of their VIP guests: they send an entry pass in the form of a super bar code to their mobile phones. Mobile phones are becoming an increasingly popular way to make all sorts of payments. In America fans of the Atlanta Hawks have been testing specially adapted Nokia handsets linked to their Visa cards to enter their local stadium and to buy refreshments. It reckons worldwide payments using mobile phones will climb from just $ 3.2 billion in 2003 to more than $ 37 billion by 2008. 42. ______. More banking services are also being offered on mobiles. On February 12th, 19 telephone operators with networks in over 100 countries said that people would be able to use their handsets to send money abroad. MasterCard will operate the system in which remittances will be sent as text messages. Sir John Bond, formerly chairman of the HSBC banking group and now chairman of Vodafone, has 10rig been convinced that payments and mobiles would somehow converge. "Mobile phones have the ability to make a dramatic change to village life in Africa," he says. 43. ______. The various "contactless" payment systems rely on a technology called "near-field communication" (NFC). But mobile phones can be much smarter. They can be de-activated remotely; they have a screen which can show information, like a credit balance and product information; they have a keyboard to enter information and they can communicate. This means they can also be used to auth0rise larger payments by entering PIN codes directly on the handset or topped up with stored credit from an online bank account without having to go to an ATM. 44. ______. To see the potential of mobile-phone money, start in Japan. Most Japanese have at least one credit card, but they tend to stay in their owners' pockets. Housewives routinely peel off crisp YI0 000 ($ 82) notes to pay for their shopping. Utility bills and other invoices are dutifully taken to the bank and paid in cash, or more likely these days at the local convenience store. Yet despite the popularity of cash, the mobile phone is starting to change even Japan's traditional habits." However, many smart-card systems do not work with each other, but that will change on March 18th when 26 railways and 75 bus companies in the greater Tokyo area will begin sharing a new stored-value system, called Pasmo. This too will be available both as a plastic smart-card or built into mobile phones. 45. ______. Unlike the Japanese, Americans prefer to use plastic for their purchases. Cards account for more than half of all transactions, up from 29% a decade ago, according to Nilson Report, a trade publication. More than 1.5 billion credit cards are stuffed into Americans' wallets. The average household has more than ten. Banks and credit-card firms hope to convert more cash and cheque payments to plastic with new smart cards. Some versions are already very successful. Many Americans use EasyPass, in which drivers pay for highway tolls wirelessly. A decade ago some observers predicted that internet banking would render retail banking from high-street branches obsolete. But JPMorgan, Bank of America and others are adamant that people are nowadays using bank branches more than ever. Even if the phone and the smart card replace cash, who gets to collect the fees remains open to contention.