填空题Nonverbal communication is hugely important: in any interaction with others; its importance is multiplied across cultures. This is because we tend to look for nonverbal cues when verbal messages are unclear or ambiguous, as they are more likely to be across cultures. (41)_____________________. Low-context cultures like the United States and Canada tend to give relatively less emphasis to nonverbal communication. This does not mean that nonverbal communication does not happen, or that it is unimportant, but that people in these settings tend to place less importance on it than on the literal meanings of words themselves. In high-context settings such as Japan or Colombia, understanding the nonverbal components of communication is relatively more important to receiving the intended meaning of the communication as a whole. (42)_____________________. For instance, it may be more socially acceptable in some settings in the United States for women to show fear, but not anger, and for men to display anger, but not fear. At the same time, interpretation of facial expressions across cultures is difficult. In China and Japan, for example, a facial expression that would be recognized around the world as conveying happiness may actually express anger or mask sadness, both of which are unacceptable to show overtly. (43)_____________________. For a Westerner who understands smiles to mean friendliness and happiness, this smile may seem out of place and even cold, under the circumstances. Even though some facial expressions may be similar across cultures, their interpretations remain culture specific. It is important to understand something about cultural starting-points and values in order to interpret emotions expressed in cross-cultural interactions. (44)_____________________. In a comparison of North American and French children on a beach, a researcher noticed that the French children tended to stay in a relatively small space near their parents, while US children ranged up and down a large area of the beach. (45)_____________________. These examples of differences related to nonverbal communication are only the tip of the iceberg. Careful observation, ongoing study from a variety of sources, and cultivating relationships across cultures will all help develop the cultural fluency to work effectively with nonverbal communication differences.[A] These differences of interpretation may lead to conflict. Suppose a Japanese person is explaining her absence from negotiations due to a death in her family. She may do so with a smile, based on her cultural belief that it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief on others.[B] Another variable across cultures has to do with ways of relating to space. Crossing cultures, we encounter very different ideas about polite space for conversations and negotiations. North Americans tend to prefer a large amount of space, perhaps because they are surrounded by it in their homes and countryside. Europeans tend to stand more closely with each other when talking, and are accustomed to smaller personal spaces.[C] Americans are serious about standing in lines, in accordance with their beliefs in democracy and the principle of "first come, first served." The French, on the other hand, have a practice of line jumping, that irritates many British and U S Americans.[D] Since nonverbal behavior arises from our cultural common sense, we use different systems of understanding gestures, posture, silence, spatial relations, emotional expression, touch, physical appearance, and other nonverbal cues. Cultures also attribute different degrees of importance to verbal and nonverbal behavior.[E] The difficulty with space preferences is not that they exist, but the judgments that get attached to them. If someone is accustomed to standing or sitting very close when they are talking with another, they may see the other's attempt to create more space as evidence of coldness, or a lack of interest.[F] It is said that a German executive working in the United States became so upset with visitors to his office moving the guest chair to suit themselves that he had it bolted to the floor.[G] Some elements of nonverbal communication are consistent across cultures. For example, research has shown that the emotions of enjoyment, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, and surprise are expressed in similar ways by people around the world. Differences surface with respect to which emotions are acceptable to display in various cultural settings, and by whom.

填空题It was in 1798, with the publication of William Wordsworths ________, in collaboration with S

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》What should you do when a guest make a complaint? First, take your time and listen with 【B1】________After the guest expresses his complaint, you can 【B2】________to show you are listening to

填空题It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself.

填空题Pat: May I speak to Rosa?Ann: ____________

填空题robbery delivery discovery bravery nursery machinery scenery jewelry

填空题Early in the 1920s, the most prominent of the new American playwrights, whose name is ________, established an international reputation

填空题[A]DrDanielStanley,anoceanographer,hasfoundvolcanicshardsinEgyptthathebelievesarelinkedtotheexplosion.ComputersimulationsbyMikeRampino,aclimatemodelerfromNewYorkUniversity,showthattheresultingashcloudcouldhaveplungedtheareaintodarkness,aswellasgeneratinglightningandhail,twoofthe10plagues.[B]Thecloudcouldhavealsoreducedtherainfall,causingadrought.IftheNilehadthenbeenpoisonedbytheeffectsoftheeruption,pollutioncouldhaveturneditred,ashappenedinarecentenvironmentaldisasterinAmerica.Thesamepollution,couldhavedrivenmillionsoffrogsontotheland,thesecondplague.Onlandthefrogswoulddie,removingtheonlyobstacletoanexplosionoffliesandlice-thethirdandfourthplagues.Thefliescouldhavetransmittedfataldiseasestocattle(thefifthplague)andboilsandblisterstohumans(thesixthplague).[C]Moses,whichwillbebroadcastinDecember2002,willsuggestthatmuchoftheBiblestorycanbeexplainedbyasinglenaturaldisaster,ahugevolcaniceruptionontheGreekislandofSantoriniinthe16thcenturyBC.[D]Thehour-longdocumentaryarguesthateventhestoryofthepartingoftheRedSea,whichallowedMosestoleadtheHebrewstosafetywhilethepursuingEgyptianarmywasdrowned,mayhaveitsoriginsintheeruption.Itrepeatsthetheorythat"RedSea"isamistranslationoftheSeaofReeds,amuchshallowerswamp.[E]TheprogrammetellsthestoryofhowMosesledtheHebrewsoutofEgyptafteraseriesofplagueshaddevastatedthecountry.Butitalsousesnewscientificresearchtoarguethatmanyoftheeventssurroundingtheexoduscouldhavebeentriggeredbytheeruption,whichwouldhavebeenathousandtimesmorepowerfulthananuclearbomb.[F]ComputersimulationsshowthattheSantorinieruptioncouldhavetriggereda600ft-hightidalwave,travelingatabout400milesanhour,whichwouldhavebeen6fthighandahundredmileslongwhenitreachedtheEgyptiandelta.Suchaneventwouldhavebeenrememberedforgenerations,andmayhaveprovidedtheinspirationforthestory.[G]FreshevidencethattheBiblicalplaguesandthepartingoftheRedSeawerenaturaleventsratherthanmythsormiraclesistobepresentedinanewBBCdocumentary.Order:

填空题(watch) ______ by a crowd of people, Charles felt embarrassed and couldnt say a word.

填空题assume commit confuse hint mislead peculiar puzzle qualify retreat vague

填空题《复合题被拆开情况》What should you do when a guest make a complaint? First, take your time and listen with 【B1】________After the guest expresses his complaint, you can 【B2】________to show you are listening to

填空题He was defeated in the competition partly because he was ______ to the feelings of others. (sense)

填空题Once the payment has been made,the goods should(deliver)______in one or two days.

填空题When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is ________ function

填空题With no paper qualifications ______，he failed to get a decent job．

填空题The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the ________

填空题The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are______.

填空题There are many organizations which purpose is to help poor children.

填空题I went to see him，but he had been out．

填空题In November of 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. His hunt was going 【31】 that day, and he couldn''t seem to find anything worthy of 【32】 his rifle. Then, his staff captured a black baby bear for the President to shoot, but he could not. The thought of shooting a bear that was tied to a tree did not seem sporting, so he 【33】 the life of the baby bear and set it free. Based on this story, a famous political cartoonist for the Washington Star drew a cartoon, which showed Teddy Roosevelt, rifle 【34】 . with his back turned on a cute (可爱的) baby bear. Morris Michtom, owner of a Brooklyn toy store, was 【35】 by the cartoon to make a stuffed baby bear. Intending it only as a display, he placed the stuffed bear in his toy store 【36】 , and next to it placed a copy of the cartoon from the newspaper. To Michtom''s surprise, his store was flooded by customers 【37】 to buy. He asked for and received President Roosevelt''s 【38】 to use his name for the band-sewn bears that he and his wife made, and the "Teddy Bear" was born! Michtom was soon manufacturing Teddy bears 【39】 the thousands. The money from the sale enabled him, in 1903, to 【40】 the Ideal Toy Company.