问答题{{B}}Outlines:{{/B}} 1) 盗版现象日益严重。 2) 盗版造成的后果。 3) 我对抵制盗版问题的看法。

问答题中国海监

问答题71. English-Chinese Translation Directions: Translate the following into Chinese and write your translation on your Answer SheetⅡ. Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, were pretty much agreed that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modest laboratory in Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of nature--never before suspected--that would almost overnight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.

问答题In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 100 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay. 19世纪德国人F．Tonnies提出社区是由共同生活的同质人口组成。他们向往有共同价值、关系密切、守望相助、防御病痛、富有人情味的共同体。笔者曾提出，要用整体医学观、社会医学观和人文医学观指导卫生改革，引导医学新潮流。社区卫生服务是以个人为中心，以家庭为单位，以社区为范围的基层卫生服务。医学服务不能把病与人分离，把病人的主观自我与客观自我分离。单凭几个检验数据来判断疾病，忽视处于第三状态的人，忽视人的心理社会背景，“物化医患关系”。怎能实现医学的最终目的，还“医乃仁术”的本来面目? 我国传统医学是人文主导型医学，“仁者爱人”，“医者仁也”。西方医学为科技主导型医学。两者需互补优缺，绝不能搞单纯技术主义。社区卫生服务的连续性、系统性、综合性和方便性．能使人文医学和技术医学相得益彰。目前医院有些医生，冷面孔待病人，病人姓甚名谁不知，年龄职业不问，家庭情况不闻，难免有失偏颇，造成误诊，临床诊断与病理诊断不符合。20多年前，某医学院有位老师，出差回来肝剧痛，同位素诊断怀疑肝癌，请内、外科专家会诊，两位专家都主张剖腹探查。该老师的邻居也是医生，由于了解其肝大肝硬已有十几年，认为肝痛是工作紧张引起的，休息一段时间会好转，不同意专家建议。该老师目前仍健康地工作，免挨一刀。此种案例还有不少。对病人的心理和社会情况全面了解，真正把病人当作人而不是“物化”，全科医生的服务质量会比目前不到15分钟看一个门诊病人的医疗质量高得多、好得多。 医学服务有照顾、保护、关怀之意，绝不是开个处方、取几瓶药、打一下针就能实现的，社区全科医学服务就体现此种人文精神。社区全科医生有条件去全面了解人、关心人、尊重人和服务人。医生与居民做到守望相助，关系密切，富有人情味。 医生成为家庭的医学顾问，不是亲人，胜似亲人。在日本，有的全科医护人员，为了劝人戒烟酒，天天上门做健康教育工作，诚之所至，金石为开，感动人们戒烟酒成功，使近20年来，高血压患病率下降3／4，心血管患病率下降2／3，成绩卓著。美国开展健康助手活动，签订家庭服务协议书，帮助慢性病人的家属了解防治疾病和急救知识，使近20年来心脏病死亡率下降30％，脑血管病死亡率下降50％。 正当社区卫生服务方兴未艾之际，我认为，在理解此种服务的战略意义中，应体现人文医学精神，在全科医学培养教育中要贯彻此种精神，加强人文社会学科教育。古希腊一位哲学家说过：“医学治好身体的毛病，哲学解除灵魂的烦恼。”社区医生用人文医学精神武装头脑，不但能防治好躯体疾病，还能解除人们行为心理上的烦恼，使卫生服务提高一个档次，人民健康水平更上一层楼。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. Desertification in the arid United Statse is flagrant. Groundwater supplies beneath vast stretches of land are dropping precipitously. Whole river systems have dried up. Others are chocked with sediment washed from denuded land. 21. {{U}}Hundreds of thousands of acres of previously irrigated cropland have been abandoned to wind or weeds. Several million acres of natural grassland are eroding at unnaturally high rates as a result of cultivation or overgrazing. All told, about 225 million acres of land are undergoing severe desertification.{{/U}} 22. {{U}}Federal subsidies encourage the exploitation of arid land resources. Low-interest loans for irrigation and other water delivery systems encourage farmers, industry, and municipalities to mine groundwater. Federal disaster relief and commodity programs encourage arid-land farmers to plow up natural grassland to plant crops such as wheat and, especially cotton. Federal grazing fees that are well below the free market price encourage overgrazing of the commons.{{/U}} The market, too, provides powerful incentives to exploit arid land resources beyond their carrying capacity. 23. {{U}}When commodity prices are high relative to the farmer's or rancher's operating costs, the return on a production-enhancing investment is invaribly greater than the return on a conservation investment. And when commodity prices are relatively low, arid land ranchers and farmers often have to use all their available financial resources to stay solvent.{{/U}} 24. {{U}}If the United States is, as it appears, well on its way toward overdrawing the arid land resources, then the policy choice is simply to pay now for the appropriate remedies or pay far more later, when productive benefits from arid land resources have been both realized and largely terminated.{{/U}}

问答题International Trade Terms An intemational trade deal can involve up to four contracts and the importer must have a broad understanding of each of them. The four contracts are the contract of carriage , the export sales contract , the insurance contract and the contract of finance. There are three main areas of uncertainty as to which countrys law will be applicable to their contracts; the difficulty emerging from inadequate and unreliable information; and the serious problem of the diversity of interpretation of th e various trade terms. The latter point can involve costly litigation and loss of much goodwill when a dispute over the interpretation of such terms arises. The role of Incoterms 1990 is to give the business person a set of international rules for the interpretation of the more commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF and EXW in foreign trade contracts. Such a range of terms enables the businessperson to decide which is the most suitable for their needs , knowing that the interpretation of terms will not vary by individual country. It must be recognized, however, that it is not always possible to give a precise interpretation. In such situations one musL rely on the custom of the trade or port. Businesspersons are advised to use terms that are subject to varying interpretations as little as possible and to rely on the well-established and intemationally accepted terms. To avoid any-misunderstandings or disputes, the parties to the contract are well advised to keep trading customs of individual countries in mind when negotiating their export sales contract. However,parties to the contract may use Incoterms as the general basis of their contract , but may specify variations of them or additions to them relevant to the particular trade or circumstances. An example is the CIF plus war risk insurance. The seller would base his quotation accordingly. Special provisions in the individual contract between the parties will override[1] anything in the Incoterm provisions. A point to bear especially in mind is the need for caution in the variation, for example, of CFR,CIF or DDP. The addition of a word or letter could change the contract and its interpretation. It is essential that any such variation be explicitly stated in the contract to ensure each party to the contract to be aware of its obligations and act accordingly. The buyer and seller parties Lo the contract must especially bear in mind that Incoterms only defines their relationship in contract terms, and has no bearin directly or indirectly on[2] the carriers obligations to them as found in the contract of carriage. However,the law of carriage will determine how the seller should fulfil his obligation to deliver the goods to the carrier on board the vessel as found in FOB, CFR and CIF. A further point to bear in mind by the seller and buyer is that there is no obligation for the seller to procure an msurance policy for the buyers benefit. However, in practice, many contracts request the buyer or seller to arrange insurance from the point of departure in the country of dispatch to the point of final destination chosen by the buyer. Incoterms 1990 can be divided into recommended usage by modes of transport as under all modes (i. e. combined transport) , EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDP, DDU; conventional port/sea transport only FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. Incoterms 1990 reflects the changes and development of international distribution during the past decade, especially the development of combined transportation and associated documentation together with electronic data interchange. [1]比……重要 [2]与……没有直接或间接关系 Questions for reading :

问答题Directions: You haven' t heard from your friend (Li Ping) since last year. Write a letter according to the following out line: 1) greet him and tell him how you spend your vocation and 2) invite him to Beijing. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't have to write the address.

问答题LAD

问答题这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行色匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。

问答题autoalarm

问答题In the old days, it was all done with cakes. For Marcel Proust, it was a visit to Mother's for tea and madeleines that provided the access to "the vast structure of recollection" that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia, "Remembrance of Past Things." These days, it's not necessary to evoke the past: you can't move without tripping over it. In an age zooming forward technologically, why all the backward glances? The Oxford English Dictionary's first definition of nostalgia reads: "acute longing for familiar surroundings; severe homesickness." With the speed of computers doubling every 18 months, and the net doubling in size in about half that, no wonder we're aching for familiar surroundings. Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change, anything enduring becomes precious. " People are looking for something authentic," says McLaren. Trouble is, nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing, demographics and technology."Nostalgia ain't what it used to be," says Michael J. Wolf, senior partner at Booz-Allen & Hamilton in New York."These are the new good old days." Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market. The boomers, defined by American demographers as those born between 1946 and 1964, are living long and prosperous lives. In both Europe and America, they remain the Holy Grail for admen, and their past has become everyone's present. In a study on "entertainment imprinting," two American marketing professors, Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook, asked people ranging in age from 16 to 86 which popular music from the past they liked best. People's favorite songs, they found, tended to be those that were popular when they were about 24, with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age. Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting, or at least nostalgia. The company hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel's "Homeward Bound," just as it launched Windows 98 to the tune of "Start Me up" by the Rolling Stones. Boomers remember both tunes from their 20s. If boomers are one market that values memories, exiles are another. According to the International Organization of Migration, more than 150 million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in 1965. This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious as the freedoms of an EU passport. But exiles and refugees share one thing: homes left behind. Type in "nostalgia" on the search engine Google, and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian, an online site for Iran's exiles, most of whom fled after 1978's Islamic revolution. Perhaps the savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site alibris, corn, which features stories of clients' rediscovering long-lost books on it. One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on "Kickapoo Joy Juice," ad dreaded medicine of his youth. A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris's recovery of his first-grade primer "Down cherry Street." The Net doesn't merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it. Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items, form marbles to Apple Macintoshes. Cutting-edge technology, designed to be transient, has even bred its own instanostalgia. Last year a $666 Apple I went for $18,000 to a British collector at a San Francisco auction. "Historic! Microsoft Multiplan for Macintosh" crows one item on eBay's vintage Apple section. Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like "In the old days, Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?" Those who don't remember their history are condemned to repeat it. Or so entertainment moguls hope, as they market '70s TV hits like "Charlie's Angels" and "Scooby Doo," to a generation that can't remember them the first time round. If you've missed a Puff Daddy track or a "Sopranos" episode, panic not. The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of 2020, says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand. "I guarantee you, Madonna's music will be used to sell everything," he says."God help me, I hope it's not selling insurance." It could be. When we traffic in the past, nothing's sacred.

问答题(46) The 1960s, the public awakened to the belief that the environment had become polluted with numerous dangerous by-products of industry. Making the environment whole again, many argued, was more important than rapid economic growth. The environmental movement did not break completely with the earlier emphasis on conservation, but there were important differences. (47) The conservationists had emphasized the management of resources to sustain long-term yields of timberland, farmland, water, and mineral resources; the environmentalists put more emphasis on the preservation of natural resources for future aesthetic enjoyment, and they emphasized the interdependence of different parts of the environment. It was not sufficient, in other words, simply to preserve patches of the environment in national parks; the whole environment had to be protected from the destructive side effects of economic development. The growing concern about the environment was not confined to the United States; other industrialized countries, particularly those in Western Europe, experienced the same phenomenon. (48) On the other hand, less-developed countries, those just beginning the process of industrialization, displayed what appeared to more developed countries to be frustrating and cavalier attitude toward the environment. A clean and well-preserved environment appears to be a luxury good: as income rises, consumers wish to spend a larger fraction of their income on it. Although concern about the environment remained constant, public attention in the United States shifted from problem to problem, depending on the events of the day. (49) In the early 1960s, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring heightened concern about the danger of indiscriminate pesticide use, and as a result, the Department of Agriculture banned the use of DDT completely in 1969. That same year, a major oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara, California, raised concerns about the danger of offshore oil drilling, and similar fears were raised about the impact of the proposed Alaska Pipeline. As in other areas of concern to the American society, legislation and regulations play a crucial role in pollution control. The acts, as shown below, reflect the scope of environment legislation since 1970: acts to promote clean air, clean water, and even quiet work and living environments. (50) Of major importance was the creation in 1970 of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the federal agency charged with enforcing laws designed to protect the environment. Since then, the EPA has produced a virtual flood of regulations. Typically, the EPA sets a maximum level of pollution allowed based on the "best available technology. " In many cases, the EPA must set literally hundreds of standards for each pollutant. For example, the EPA works out a separate standard for each model of automobile. When they are aware of a pollution problem, many firms respond to it rather than wait to be cited by the EPA. But other owners and managers take the position that environmental standards are too strict, i.e. compliance with present standards is too expensive. Consequently, it has often been necessary for the EPA to take legal action to force firms to install antipollution equipment and clean up waste storage areas.

问答题1．面试在求职过程中的作用。 2．取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……

问答题Directions: Your local library intends to improve its service and facilities. As a regular library user, please write a letter to the chief librarian, offering your suggestions. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You don't need to write the address. Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Donna instead.

问答题创新型社会

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Fenghua is one of your good friends and schoolmates. He has been addicted to smoking for a long time2 During a lecture this week, you learned a lot about great dangers involved in heavy smoking, and now you decide to write a letter to him. Your letter should be based on the following outline. 1) your concern about his health, 2) and your advice and suggestions. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Componential analysis(浙江大学2005研；北航2008研)