阅读理解Text 3 How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life

阅读理解So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible." Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children." When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

阅读理解Passage 3Home stay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outsidethe classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.What to ExpectThe host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bed covers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.Accommodation ZonesHome stays are located in London mainly Zone 2.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential. Zone 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by underground.Meal Plans AvailableContinental BreakfastBreakfast and DinnerBreakfast, Packed Lunch and DinnerIt's important to know that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal,bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert,fruit and coffee.FriendsIf you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host's permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.Self-Catering Accommodation in Private HomesAccommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long- stay students. However, it does not provide the same family. atmosphere as an ordinary home stay and may not benefit those who need to practice English at home quite as much.The passage is probably written for

阅读理解Questions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage

阅读理解With a presidential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one cant help getting sucked into the flame wars that Internet comment threads

阅读理解Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had everheard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly becausetea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford tohave it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were notsure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they servedthem mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spreadthe used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company beganto bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much teacame into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then teahad been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevignedecided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she wouldnever again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they mustcopy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until itreached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in theafternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or fouro’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have thisnew meal with her and so, tea-time was born.

阅读理解Text 4 The widely held assumption that people would volunteer for AIDS-tests in droves (成群结队) once treatmentbecame available was wrong

阅读理解Many doctors know the story of Mr Wright

阅读理解Passage TwoIn 2011, a dog owner named Robert uploaded a video titled “Guilty!" to YouTube. He hadcome home finding his two dogs near an empty bag of cat treats. The first dog behaved calmly. But the second dog, Denver, sat shaking in a corner, her eyes looking down, which made Robertbelieve it was she who had done it. Seeing her“apparent admission of guilt," he yelled at her, “You did this!" Denver beat her tail nervously.“You know the routine. In the kennel (狗窝)!”Following the command, the dog shut herself in. The video quickly gathered a flood of comments. Since then,dog shaming ”has become popular on the internet, as owners around the world posted beside notes shots of their tremblingpets in which the dogs seemed to admit bad behavior. For instance, “I ate an extra largepizza,"admits a chocolate LaB、 Human enthusiasm for guilty dogs seemed growing. But according to a researcher at Barnard College, what we consider to be dog ’s guilty look is no sign of guilt at all. Ina 2009 study. The researcher had owners forbid their dogs fromeating anattractive treat，and then asked the owners to leave the room. While each owner was gone，theresearcher either removed the treat or fed it to the dog:When the owners returned, they weretold-regardless of the truth-that their dogs either had or had not eaten it.If owners thought their dogs had done something wrong, blames followed, and guilty looks quickly emergeD、 Yet dogs who hadn’ t eaten the treat were more likely to appear guilty than dogs who had--so long as their owners scolded them. Far from signaling regret, one group of researchers wrote in a 2012 paper, the guilty look of dogs is very likely a means to show obedience (顺从) to their owners.  What did Robert want to show with his video on YouTube?

阅读理解Is College a Worthy Investment? A

阅读理解Passage 3 Rose Saxon, the Queen of Romance Comics, was at her drawing board in the garage of her house in Bloomtown, New York

阅读理解Passage 3 Recent debates about the economy have rediscovered the question, is that right?, where right means more than just profits or efficiency

阅读理解Passage ThreeHospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smart phones andother devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information andcase studies.But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can befocused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed thathalf of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure.This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about aproblem perhaps best described as “distracted doctoring.” In response, some hospitals have begunlimiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while schools have started remindingmedical students to focus on patients instead of devices.“You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internetor do Facebook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,” said Dr. Peter Papadakos at theUniversity of Rochester Medical Center.“My gut feeling is lives are in danger,” said Dr. Papadakos. “We’re not educating people about theproblem, and it’s getting worse.”A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypassmachines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said they hadtexted while in surgery. The study concluded, “Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous.”Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply afact of life for many medical jobs. What has changed, say doctors, especially younger ones, is thatthey face increasing pressure to interact with their devices.The pressure stems from a mantra of modern medicine that patient care must be “data driven,” andinformed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the technology hashelped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology “offers greatpotential in health care,” but he added that doctors’ first priority should be with the patient.

阅读理解(2) As those pieces which the painter sketches for his own amusement in his leisure hours, are often superior to the most elaborate productions, so it is that ideas often suggest themselves to us spontaneously, as it were, far surpassing in beauty those which arise in the mind upon applying ourselves to any particular subject

阅读理解Passage 2 Knowledge can be power

阅读理解Jennifer: In your article about online shopping being the newest and easiest way to shop, you said that computers will replace shopping malls sooner or

阅读理解 Roadside billboards, posters on buses and subway escalators, ads in airport terminals—a type of publicity known as out-of-home advertising—used to be the dull end of the industry. No more. The falling price and improving quality of flat-screen displays mean that static posters printed on paper are being replaced by stylish digital commercials with moving pictures, sound and sometimes interactive features. William Eccleshare, who runs the international operations of Clear Channel, an American firm which is one of the largest out-of-home ad companies, thinks that in some countries more than 90% of its business will be digital by the decade's end. His arch-rival, Jean-Charles Decaux, the boss of France's JCDecaux, agrees that there will be a significant switch to digital, but mainly inside airports, railway stations, shopping malls and other controlled environments. Ads in bus shelters and other outdoor spots at risk of vandalism will take a lot longer to move away from paper, Mr. Decaux thinks. Digital displays already account for about one-quarter of his company's sales in transport hubs, but for less than 5% in street furniture and billboards. Clear Channel is so optimistic about digital posters because it believes they offer enormous potential for making advertisements more effective. McDonald's can advertise its sausage and egg McMuffin at breakfast time, change to its regular Big Mac fare at lunch and follow that with ads for apple pie and ice cream during teatime. When Spain won the football World Cup last year, digital billboards in Madrid, sponsored by Nike, showed the result within seconds. Advertisers constantly talk about wanting to 'engage' with consumers, so they are taking great interest in the potential for interactivity that digital technology will bring. JCDecaux, for example, is offering a free iPhone application called U snap: when a consumer sees a poster (paper or digital) for something that attracts his interest and takes a photo of it on his phone, the app recognises it, gives him product information and discount vouchers and directs him to the nearest retailer. Then there is 'gladvertising' and 'sadvertising', an idea in which billboards with embedded cameras, linked to face-tracking software, detect the mood of each consumer who passes by, and change the advertising on display to suit it. Such Big Brotherish software would no doubt detect a satisfied grin on the faces of out-of-home advertising bosses as they contemplate the next 18 months, in which a string of big events will boost their business: the Rugby World Cup, the American presidential election, the Euro 2012 football championship and the London Olympics. Wherever you go, there will be no escape from ads linked to these events, and the out-of-home advertising firms will be raking it in.

阅读理解There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures and that the man without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wishes to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfillment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.

阅读理解The term corporate culture refers to an organizations value system