填空题A. Human behaviorB. Culture attributesC. Physiology of Homo sapiensD. Classification of Homo sapiensE. Human societyF. Structure of Homo sapiensHuman, common name given to any individual of the species Homo sapiens and, by extension, to the entire species. The term is also applied to certain species that were the evolutionary forerunners of Homo sapiens. Scientists consider all living people members of a single species.41.__________ Homo sapiens is identified, for purposes of classification, as an animal with a backbone and segmented spinal cord that suckles its young; that gestates its young with the aid of a placenta; that is equipped with five-digited extremities, a collarbone, and a single pair of mammary glands on the chest; and that has eyes at the front of the head, stereoscopic vision, and a proportionately large brain. The species belongs to the family Hominidae, the general characteristics of which are discussed below. 42.__________ The details of skeletal structure distinguishing Homo sapiens from the nearest primate relatives-the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan-stem largely from a very early adaptation to a completely erect posture and a two-footed striding walk. The uniquely S-shaped spinal column places the center of gravity of the human body directly over the area of support provided by the feet, thus giving stability and balance in the uptight position. Complete bipedalism in the human freed the hand to become a supremely sensitive instrument for precise manipulation and grasping. The most important structural detail in this refinement is the elongated human thumb, which can rotate freely and is fully opposable to the other fingers. The physiological requirements for speech were secondarily established by erect posture, which positions the vocal cords for controlled breathing, and by the skilled use of the hands. The latter development occurs in association with the enlargement and specialization of a brain area that is a prerequisite for refined control of the lips and tongue. 43.__________ The large brain of Homo sapiens is approximately double that of early human toolmakers. This great increase in size in only 2 million years was achieved by a process called neoteny, which is the prolongation of retention of immature characteristics. The juvenile stage of brain and skull development is prolonged so that they grow for a longer period of time in relation to the time required to reach sexual maturity. Unlike the early human adult skull, with its sloping forehead and prominent jaw, the modem human skull-with biologically insignificant variations-retains into maturity a proportionately large size, in relation to the rest of the body, a high-rounded dome, straight-planed face, and reduced jaw size, all closely resembling the characteristics of the skull in the juvenile chimpanzee. Its enlarged dimensions required adaptations for passage through the birth canal; consequently, the human female pelvis widens at maturity, and the human infant is born prematurely. 44.__________ The physiological adaptations that made humans more flexible than other primates allowed for the development of a wide range of abilities and an unparalleled versatility in behavior. The brain's great size, complexity, and slow maturation, with neural connections being added though at least the first 12 years of life, meant that learned behavior could largely modify stereotyped, instinctive responses. New environmental demands could be met by rapid adjustments rather than by slow genetic selection; thus, survival in a wide range of habitats and under extreme conditions eventually became possible without further species differentiation. Each new infant, however, with relatively few innate traits yet with a vast number of potential behaviors, must be taught to achieve its biological potential as a human. 45.__________ The human species has a unique capability for culture in the sense of conscious thinking and planning, transmission of skills and systems of social relationships, and creative modification of the environment. The integrated patterns of behavior required for planning and fashioning tools were accomplished at least 2.5 million years ago, and some form of advanced code for vocal communication may also have existed at this time. By 350, 000 years ago planned hunting, fire making, and the wearing of clothing were well established, as was possibly ritualized disposal of the dead. Evidence of religion, recorded events, and art date from 30, 000 to 40, 000 years ago and imply advanced language and ethics for the complex ordering of social groups required for such activities. From about that time the genus Homo began to stabilize into the one generalized species of Homo sapiens.

填空题{{U}}Unless each person gives up a bit of freedom{{/U}}, no one can get along pleasantly with an other.

填空题Insurance: To be covered by the Sellers for 110/% of invoice value against All Risks and War Risk as per the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the Peoples Insurance Company of China． If other coverage or an additional insurance amount is required, the Buyers shall have the (12) of the Sellers before shipment, and the additional (13) is to be borne by the Buyers．

填空题By (51) out on a journey to new and exciting achievements, a learner has to distinguish what ways will be better to (52) for reaching his goal relatively quickly and efficiently. Linguists and methodologists described many (53) strategies of English language learning. Many of them (54) to be highly efficient and brought amazing results in testing. A starting point, which will push you up in all the (55) of your English studying is your motivation to learn. You should be specific about the goal of your studying and reflect on (56) a skilful mastery of English can bring you. You are aimed at getting smarter, (57) new culture and meeting new people or your primary (58) of English learning is to earn more money and succeed in your career. A sure-fire way to master English is to go to America or England and communicate with (59) speakers. It means to penetrate into English environment and (60) both speaking and listening. Going to English-speaking country is a great opportunity to perfect your listening skills, (61) your vocabulary with new words. What is the most important is (62) you are forced to speak on a daily (63) and perceive colloquial speech, the samples of it you are not likely to find in any dictionaries. * A good, safe, and cheap way to master English is to stimulate a foreign language (64) in your home. It means to bring English-speaking country to your house, surrounding yourself with everything that is connected with English. Try all, which will come in (65) . Read English books, see movies in English, you can hear English in radio or TV. These methods will help you learn faster and have a (66) of achievement, because each time you'll understand more and more. * Speak English as much as possible. It helps you uncover the gaps in your vocabulary and grammar. Though, ff you don't have an opportunity to go to English-speaking country it doesn't (67) that you won't be able to speak English fluently and naturally. It only means that you'll have to (68) more efforts to find English language environment in your surrounding. In any ease, you can look for good English language courses or (69) to the British 'council for help. Perhaps, my article "How to find the best foreign language courses" can be helpful to you if you choose to (70) language courses.

填空题Jane had a great deal of trouble to concentrate on her study because of the noise in the next room. A. a great deal of B. to concentrate on C. because of D. the next

填空题It is illegal for manufacturers to give their product a misleading name，or to claim that it is made of a particular ingredient which in fact ______ only a very small proportion of the product． 制造商们把他们的产品起一个误导人的名字或者宣称这种产品由特殊成分制成，而实际上产品中仅仅含有比例极小的特殊成分，这种做法是非法的。

填空题Such an expensive diamond can ______ (scarce) belong to him.

填空题{{U}}In{{/U}} the long run, however, this hurry {{U}}to shed{{/U}} full - time staff may {{U}}be more{{/U}} harmful {{U}}to{{/U}} industry as it is to the workforce. A. In B. to shed C. be more D. to

填空题You have authority to draw ______ us at 60 days ______ this credit ______ the amount of your invoice upon shipment of 2000 tons of Steels to Browning Sons.

填空题Sandy: Have a nice weekend ! Kazi: ______

填空题The people of Africa have successfully fought against ______ rule． 非洲人民成功地反抗了殖民统治。

填空题Take much of what you know about how the best executives make decisions. Now, forget it. For instance, we all "know" that tight deadlines lead to inspiration. Except they often don"t. Instead, they typically are counterproductive—making people less creative precisely when they need to be. Or most of us assume that when we try to solve problems, we"re drawing on the logical parts of our brains. But, in fact, great strategists seem to draw on the emotional and intuitive parts of their brain much more. Here"s a closer look at some of the discoveries researchers have made. Want innovation? Be wary of deadlines. We often think a deadline can help us shake off inertia and focus on getting a job done. But the brain research suggests precisely the opposite is true. A deadline, instead, more often limits our thinking and can lead to much worse decision making. Richard Boyatzis is a professor in Case Western Reserve University. He—along with others—has found that a tight deadline increases people"s urgency and stress levels. "The research shows us that the more stressful a deadline is, the less open you are to other ways of approaching the problem," he says. "The very moments when in organizations we want people to think outside the box, they can"t even see the box." Does that mean companies should get rid of deadlines? In most cases, that"s not realistic. So Srini Pillay, an assistant clinical professor at Harvard Medical School, suggests that companies help employees reduce stress and access the creative parts of the brain even when they"re under pressure. Big unknowns lead to bad choices. The ticking clock of a deadline isn"t the only kind of pressure that makes for bad decisions. So does uncertainty, such as feeling that your job or your company"s future is under threat. Srini Pillay cites a study that discovered that feelings of uncertainty activated brain centers associated with anxiety and disgust, and that such concerns naturally lead to certain kinds of decisions. "In times of uncertainty," he says, "you start acting out of that sense of doom and gloom." Good thinkers look past facts. Everybody is aware of the revered image of the hardheaded decision maker, who goes after cold facts. But researchers are finding the truth is much more complex: The best leaders seem to lean on their emotions much more than logic. Roderick Gilkey, a professor of management at Emory University, conducted a study with colleagues to look at what happens when executives are making strategic decisions. For example, a good strategic thinker would pay attention to emotional reaction and think through the full, long-term impact of the cuts on things like employee morale, retention and productivity. The result might be a different way of improving profitability. "When you"re making a decision in an organization, you also need to think about people and their reactions," says David Rock, director of the research organization NeuroLeadership Institute. "A lot of the strategies that go wrong are because managers haven"t thought through what happens when this hits people." A. in uncertain situations, you make reactions based on the sense of pessimism. B. companies should get rid of deadlines. C. firms help employees keep the creative part of the brain active. D. when making decisions, you should have a good capacity to look at a problem through other people"s eyes. E. what happens when executives are making decisions. F. a deadline increases your stress of finding ways of solving the problems. G. feelings of uncertainty activates brain centers associated with anxiety and disgust.

填空题早期的电影是无声的，你既听不到演员的对话，也听不到动作所发出的声音。

填空题Next, the scientist tries to learn {{U}}尽可能多{{/U}} about it.

填空题Back when we were kids, the hours spent with friends were too numerous to count. There were marathon telephone conversations, all-night studying and giggling sessions. Even after boyfriends entered the picture, our best friends remained irreplaceable. And time was the means by which we nurtured those friendships. Now as adult women we never seem to have enough time for anything. Husbands, kids, careers and avocations--all require attention; too often, making time for our friends comes last on the list of priorities. And yet, ironically, we need our friends as much as ever in adulthood. A friendship network is absolutely crucial for our well-being as adults. We have to do the hard work of building and sustaining the network. Here are some important ways for accomplishing this. Let go of your less central friendships. Many of our friendships were never meant to last a lifetime. It's natural that some friendships have time limits. Furthermore, now everyone has a busy social calendar, so pull back from some people that you don't really want to draw close to and give the most promising friendship a fair chance to grow. (41) Be willing to "drop everything" when you're truly needed. You may get a call from a friend who is really depressed over a certain problem when you are just sitting down to enjoy a romantic dinner with your husband. This is just one of those instances when a friend's needs mattered more. (42) Take advantage of the mails. Nearly all of us have pals living far away--friends we miss very much. Given the limited time available for visits and the high price of phone calls, writing is a fine way to keep in touch--and makes both sender and receiver feel good. (43) Risk expressing negative feelings. When time together is tough to come by, it's natural to want the mood during that time to be upbeat. And many people fear that others will think less of you if you express the negative feelings like anger and hurt. (44) Don't make your friends' problems your own. Sharing your friend's grief is the way you show deep friendship. Never underestimate the value of loyalty. Loyalty has always been rated as one of the most desired qualities in friends. True loyalty can be a fairly subtle thing. Some people feel it means that, no matter what, your friend will always take your side. But real loyalty is being accepting the person, not necessarily of certain actions your friend might take. (45) Give the gift of time as often as time allows. Time is what we don't have nearly enough of--and yet, armed with a little ingenuity, we can make it to give it to our friends. The last but not the least thing to keep a friendship alive is to say to your friends "I miss you and love you. " Saying that at the end of a phone conversation, or a visit, or writing it on a birthday card, can sustain your friendship for the times you aren't together.[A] But taking on your friend's pain doesn't make that pain go away. There's a big difference between empathy or recognizing a friend's pain, and over identification, which makes the sufferer feel even weaker--"I must be in worse pain than I even thought, because the person I'm confiding in is suffering so much!" Remember troubled people just need their friends to stay grounded in their own feelings.[B] Remember honesty is the key to keeping a friendship real. Sharing your pain will actually deepen a friendship.[C] Besides, letters, cards and postcards have the virtue of being tangible--friends can keep them and reread them for years to come.[D] The trick is remembering that a little is better than none and that you can do two things at once. For instance, if you both go for a weekly aerobics, go on the same day. If you both want to go on vocation, schedule the same destination.[E] Careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking, and accurate description--will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.[F] Sometimes, because of our unbreakable commitments or other circumstances, we simply can't give a needy friend the time we'd like. If you can't be there at that given moment, say something like, "I wish I could be with you--I can hear that you're in pain. May I call you tomorrow?" Be sure your friend knows she's cared about.

填空题Translate the following two passages from English to Chinese．(电子科技大学2007研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)The Old Man and the Sea may very well become one of the true classics of this generation, Certainly, the qualities of Ernest Hemingway"s short novel are those which we associate with many great stories of the past: near perfection of form within the limitations of its subject matter, restraint of treatment, regard for the unities of time and place, and evocative simplicity of style. Also, like most great stories, it can be read on more than one level of meaning. On one it is an exciting but tragic adventure story. Sustained by the pride of his calling, the only pride he has left, a broken old fisherman ventures far out into the Gulf Stream and there hooks the biggest marlin ever seen in those waters. Then, alone, and exhausted by his struggle to harpoon the giant fish, he is forced into a losing battle with marauding sharks: they leave him nothing but the skeleton of his catch. On another level the book is a fable of the unconquerable spirit of man, a creature capable of snatching spiritual victory from circumstances of disaster and material defeat. On still another it is a parable of religious significance, its theme supported by the writer"s unobtrusive handing of Christian symbols and metaphors. Like Colerige"s Ancient Mariner, Hemingway"s Cuban fisherman is a character allowing the imagination of his creator to operate simultaneously in two different worlds of meaning and value, the one real and dramatic, the other moral and devotionally symbolic.

填空题Thomas Hardy divided his own novels into (13) series, and Tess of the D"Urbervilles is among the (14) group of his novels

填空题The cheaters pretended ______ hard when the king came into the room. (work)

填空题Directions: Pick out the appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogues by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. A. Have you planned to another city B. What are you doing C. When would you be leaving D. Where have you been E. Would you be interested in joining me F. Do you know that G. Don't you want to invite someone H. That is part of my plan Eloise: What are you doing this weekend? Helen: I am not sure. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}? Eloise: I am thinking of maybe taking a drive to the beach. Helen: That sounds like a great idea! Eloise: {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}? Helen: Sure, I would love to go with you. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}? Eloise: I think that we could leave around 8:00 on Saturday morning. Helen: That would give us plenty of time to explore. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}there is a music festival on the beach in Santa Barbara? Eloise: {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Helen: Well then, I'll see you on Saturday. Thanks for asking me to go with you.